Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow
FRSE | |
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Viceroy and Governor-General of India | |
In office 18 April 1936 – 1 October 1943 | |
Monarchs | Edward VIII George VI |
Prime Minister | Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill |
Preceded by | The Marquess of Willingdon |
Succeeded by | The Viscount Wavell |
Personal details | |
Born | 24 September 1887 South Queensferry, Linlithgowshire, Scotland |
Died | 5 January 1952 South Queensferry, Linlithgowshire, Scotland | (aged 64)
Spouse | |
Children |
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Parents |
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Alma mater | Ludgrove School and Eton College |
Occupation |
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Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow,
Early life and family
Hope was born at Hopetoun House, South Queensferry, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, on 24 September 1887.[1]
He was the eldest son of
He was educated at Ludgrove School and Eton College and on 29 February 1908 succeeded his father as 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow.[1]
In 1912, aged only 25, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.[1] His proposers were William Turner, Alexander Crum Brown, Cargill Gilston Knott and James Haig Ferguson. He served as the society's vice president from 1934 to 1937.[4]
Early career
Linlithgow served as an officer on the Western Front during the
He then served in various minor roles in the
From April 1933 to November 1934 he was chairman of the Parliamentary Joint Select Committee on Indian constitutional reform, drawn up to consider the proposals for Indian self-government contained in the government's March 1933
Viceroy
Having previously declined both the
With the outbreak of the
Retirement
His seven-year tenure as viceroy, the longest in the history of the
Indians were not kind in their assessments of his career. V. P. Menon in The Transfer of Power in India stated: "His 7½ year regime – longer than that of any other Viceroy – was conspicuous by its lack of positive achievement. When he left India, famine stalked portions of the countryside. There was economic distress due to the rising cost of living and the shortage of essential commodities. On the political side, Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru expressed the general feeling thus: 'Today, I say, after seven years of Lord Linlithgow's administration the country is much more divided than it was when he came here'."
A sincere
Honours
- United Kingdom:
- Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG)
- Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle (KT)
- Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India (GCSI)
- Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE)
- Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE)
- Recipient of the Territorial Decoration (TD)
Family
On 19 April 1911 he married Doreen Maud Milner (1886–1965), the younger daughter of Sir Frederick Milner.[1][12] They had twin sons and three daughters:
- Charles William Frederick Hope, 3rd Marquess of Linlithgow(7 April 1912 – 1987); succeeded to his father's marquessate
- John Adrian Louis Hope, 1st Baron Glendevon (7 April 1912 – 18 January 1996); became a Conservative statesman and married the daughter of the English novelist W. Somerset Maugham
- Lady Anne Adeline (27 January 1914 – 2007[13])
- Lady Joan Isabella (21 September 1915 – 1989[14])
- Lady Doreen Hersey Winifred (17 June 1920 – 22 January 1997[15]), the mother of Lucinda Green, a famous equestrian.
In some circles the three girls were known as Faint Hope, Little Hope, and No Hope.[16]
References
- ^ a b c d e (Hesilrige 1921)
- ^ a b Viceroy at Bay: Lord Linlithgow in India, 1936–43, by John Glendevon
- ^ Dictionary of Australian Artists Online
- ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original(PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
- ^ Linlithgow (Chairman); et al. (1928), Royal Commission on Agriculture in India. Volume I, Part II, Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publication Branch, retrieved 12 August 2010 (Full text at Internet Archive)
- ISBN 0-521-56319-4, retrieved 12 August 2010
- S2CID 44552204.
- ISBN 978-0241020074.
- ^ Cunneen, Chris. "Hopetoun, seventh Earl of (1860–1908)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 3 April 2018 – via Australian Dictionary of Biography.
- ^ News and Views (1936), p. 5: "Lord and Lady Linlithgow, together with their three daughters and personal staff, arrived by the new P & O liner S. S. Strathmore on Friday, April 17, in the early morning, and were escorted into Bombay harbor by the ships of the Royal Indian Navy".
- ^ Richard Stevenson, Bengal Tiger and British Lion: An Account of the Bengal Famine of 1943
- ^ John Glendevon, Viceroy at Bay: Lord Linlithgow in India, 1936–43
- ^ "Lady Anne Adeline Southby (née Hope) – Person – National Portrait Gallery". www.npg.org.uk. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- ^ "Lady Joan Isabella Gore-Langton (née Hope) – Person – National Portrait Gallery". www.npg.org.uk. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- ^ "Lady Doreen Prior-Palmer". HeraldScotland. 31 January 1998. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- ^ "Lt-Col James Allason: War hero who became an MP and formulated the Tory policy of selling council houses to tenants". The Independent. London. 23 June 2011. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022.
External links
- Works by Lord Linlithgow at Faded Page (Canada)
- Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy. 160A, )
- Newspaper clippings about Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW