London Victoria station

Coordinates: 51°29′43″N 0°08′39″W / 51.4952°N 0.1441°W / 51.4952; -0.1441
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Victoria
London Brighton and South Coast Railway
25 August 1862Separate station opened for London, Chatham and Dover and Great Western Railways
Other information
External links
WGS84
51°29′43″N 0°08′39″W / 51.4952°N 0.1441°W / 51.4952; -0.1441
 London transport portal

Victoria station, also known as London Victoria, is a

Southern operates most commuter and regional services to south London, Sussex and parts of east Surrey, while Southeastern operates trains to south-east London and Kent, alongside limited services operated by Thameslink. Gatwick Express trains run direct to Gatwick. The Underground station is on the Circle and District lines between Sloane Square and St James's Park, and the Victoria line between Pimlico and Green Park. The area around the station is an important interchange for other forms of transport: a local bus station is in the forecourt and Victoria Coach Station
is nearby.

Victoria was built to serve both the Brighton and Chatham Main Lines, and has always had a "split" feel of being two separate stations. The Brighton station opened in 1860 with the Chatham station following two years later. It replaced a temporary terminus at Pimlico, and construction involved building the Grosvenor Bridge over the River Thames. It became immediately popular as a London terminus, causing delays and requiring upgrades and rebuilding. It was well known for luxury Pullman train services and continental boat-train trips, and became a focal point for soldiers during World War I.

Like other London termini, steam trains were phased out of Victoria by the 1960s, to be replaced by suburban electric and

diesel multiple-unit services; all services from the station are currently operated using electric multiple units. Despite the end of international services following the opening of the Channel Tunnel, Victoria still remains an important London terminal station. The connected Underground station, in particular, suffered from overcrowding, until a major upgrade was completed in the late 2010s.[5]
The Gatwick Express service provides easy access between Central London and Gatwick Airport for international travellers.

Location

The station complex is in

Travelcard Zone 1 and is one of 19 stations managed by Network Rail.[8] It has been a Grade II listed building since 1970.[9]

Victoria Coach Station is about 300 metres south-west of the railway stations. It is the main London coach terminal and serves all parts of the UK and mainland Europe.[10]

N136 serve the station at Victoria bus station or neighbouring streets.[11][12]

History

Background

By 1850, railways serving destinations to the south of London had three termini available –

Thames, whereas the main centres of population, business and government were north of the river in the City of London, the West End and Westminster.[13]

Victoria Station was designed in a piecemeal fashion to help address this problem for the

London Chatham and Dover Railway (LC&DR). It consisted of two adjacent main line railway stations which, from the viewpoint of passengers, were unconnected.[14]

Early history

Victoria Station in 1897, showing the separate Brighton (left) and Chatham (right) stations.

The

London Bridge provided reasonable access to the City of London but was inconvenient for travellers to and from Westminster. As early as 1842 John Urpeth Rastrick had proposed that the railway should build a branch to serve the West End, but his proposal was unsuccessful.[15]

However, the transfer of the Crystal Palace from Hyde Park to Sydenham Hill between 1851 and 1854 created a major tourist attraction in the then rural area south of London, and the LB&SCR opened a branch line from the Brighton Main Line at Sydenham to the site in 1854.[16] While this was under construction the West End of London and Crystal Palace Railway also planned a line from Crystal Palace, to a new station at Battersea Wharf, at the southern end of the new Chelsea Bridge. Despite its location, the new station was called Pimlico. It opened on 27 March 1858, but was very much regarded as a temporary terminus, composed of a small number of wooden huts, and positioned immediately next to a proposed bridge over the Thames.[13] Shortly afterwards the LB&SCR leased most of the lines of the new railway, and built a further connection from Crystal Palace to the Brighton Main Line at Norwood Junction, thereby providing itself with a route into west London, although it was recognised that a terminus would be needed on the north side of the river.[16]

The approaches to Victoria Station in 1912. The line leading to the station is top right, the 'Brighton line' (shown in green) is bottom left and the 'Chatham line' (pink) bottom right. The connection to the GWR and LNWR (purple) is top left.

During the summer of 1857 a scheme for an independent "Grosvenor Basin Terminus" in the West End of London, "for the use of the Southern Railways of England" was mooted.

London Chatham and Dover Railway.[21]

The new line followed part of the route of the

gauge from Longhedge Junction, Battersea, to cater for GWR trains. It required a 1-in-50 climb and a 15 chains (990 ft; 300 m) turn from the LSWR main line to reach the bridge.[22] The LB&SCR had hoped to amalgamate with the VS&PR, and introduced a parliamentary bill to allow it to do so in 1860. This was opposed by the GWR and LC&DR and rejected.[23] By way of compromise the LB&SCR was permitted to lease Victoria station from the VS&PR, but agreed to accommodate the other railways until a terminus could be built for them on an adjoining site.[22]

Plan of Victoria Station as it was in 1888. The 'Chatham' side was rebuilt in 1906 and the 'Brighton' side in 1898–1908

The LB&SCR side of Victoria station opened on 1 October 1860, the temporary terminus in Battersea having closed the day before. The station was designed by

broad-gauge trains of the GWR from Windsor via Southall.[28]

Post-opening

Victoria station proved to be unexpectedly popular for both the main companies, and by 1862 there were frequent delays due to congestion at Stewarts Lane Junction. In March 1863 the LB&SCR and the LC&DR jointly funded a new high-level route into Victoria, avoiding Stewarts Lane and requiring the widening of Grosvenor Bridge, including the replacement of the broad-gauge rails with a third LB&SCR line. The work was completed during 1867/8.

South Eastern Railway (SER) wanted to use Victoria as a London terminus as it was more convenient than London Bridge, but were advised they would need to pay extensive tolls and expenses to do so. Consequently, the SER constructed a station at Charing Cross instead.[31]

The GWR began services on 1 April 1863, connecting Victoria to Southall, and later some services to

South London Line.[30] The Great Northern Railway began a service from Victoria to Barnet (via Ludgate Hill) on 1 March 1868, with other cross-London services running via Victoria in the 1870s.[32]

In 1898 the LB&SCR decided to demolish its station and replace it with an enlarged red-brick Renaissance-style building, designed by

crossovers to allow two trains to use each platform simultaneously.[35] Work was completed in 1908, and included the rebuilding of the Grosvenor Hotel at the same time. The site then covered 16 acres (6.5 ha) with 2.25 miles (3.62 km) of platforms.[25] Overhead electric trains began to run into Victoria on 1 December 1909, to London Bridge. The line to Crystal Palace was electrified on 12 May 1911.[36]

Victoria became well known for its Pullman services during the late 19th century. The LB&SCR introduced the first Pullman first-class service to Brighton on 1 November 1875, followed by the first all-Pullman train in the UK on 1 December 1881.[37] Another all-Pullman service was introduced in 1908 under the name of the Southern Belle, then described as "... the most luxurious train in the world...".[38] The SECR began Pullman continental services on 21 April 1910 and on domestic services to the Kent coast on 16 June 1919. The Golden Arrow, another all-Pullman train began services in 1924, and remained in service until 30 September 1972.[14]

The London Chatham and Dover Station as rebuilt by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway.

The LC&DR and GWR jointly leased the 'Chatham' portion of the station for 999 years from 28 June 1860, with the GWR responsible for 6.67%.[28] The LC&DR completed its main line as far as Canterbury on 3 December 1860 and began to use the LB&SCR station on that day.[39]

The Eastern side in 1958

From 1899 the LC&DR entered a working union with its rival, the

South Eastern Railway, to form the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR). As a result, services from its station at Victoria began to be rationalised and integrated with those from the other SECR termini.[40]

The LC&DR station began to be reconstructed in the late 19th century after several properties on Buckingham Palace Road, and the hotel, were bought by the company. Work began in 1899 with the removal of the old roof.[41] The rebuilt station was partially opened on 10 June 1906, with additional platforms and cab exit on 10 February the following year, along with a new annexe to the hotel. It was formally re-opened on 1 July 1908.[42] As a consequence of the rebuilding, boat trains become more popular from Victoria compared to Charing Cross and Cannon Street. Services increased to serve Ostend and Calais via Dover and Rotterdam via Gravesend. The LB&SCR part of the station also served Dieppe via Newhaven.[43]

Victoria has since seen more visits from royalty and heads of state than any other London station. During the funeral of Edward VII, seven kings, over 20 princes and five archdukes were greeted here.[44]

In the early 20th century, the development and improvement of the London Underground, meant that Victoria could not compete as a cross-London service. GNR trains stopped running on 1 October 1907, with Midland ones following on June the next year. The GWR ceased to use the station for scheduled services on 21 March 1915, partly due to World War I in addition to the new Underground lines. Victoria was used as the main station for drafted soldiers, and those returning from action in the war. By the middle of the war, the station served twelve trains a day running between Victoria and Folkestone, with additional trains serving Dover. The station was regularly served with a voluntary buffet for departing soldiers, who served up to 4,000 men a day.[45] Victoria itself did not suffer significant damage during the war, but a section of Grosvenor Bridge was destroyed after an anti-aircraft shell struck a gas main underneath it.[46]

Following the war, memorials were built on both parts of the station. The Southern Railway side marks 626 soldiers killed or missing, while the Chatham side marks 556.[47] A plaque marks the arrival of the body of The Unknown Warrior at Victoria on 10 November 1920.[48]

The service to

Boulogne via Folkestone restarted on 3 February. Boat train services to Newhaven started on 1 June, and a connection with Paris started on 15 July. On 8 January 1920, Victoria replaced Charing Cross as the main station for continental services, as it had more facilities and closer locomotive and carriage facilities. The service to Paris via Calais and Dover began on the same day.[47]

Southern Railway

The Brighton side concourse in 1955

The two stations at Victoria came largely under single ownership in 1923 with the formation of the

Mitcham Junction) on 3 March 1929.[51] The SR also concentrated continental steamer traffic at Victoria, introducing the Golden Arrow, in 1924,[37] and the Night Ferry in 1936.[52]

The Central side in 1961 with train from Tunbridge Wells West

The station had a news cinema (later a cartoon cinema) that showed a continuous programme. The cinema was designed by Alister MacDonald, son of the Prime Minister Ramsay, and was in operation from 1933 until it was demolished in 1981. The GWR remained part-owner of the station until 1932 thereafter retaining running powers, although it does not appear to have used them.[53][54]

Night-train services stopped running from Victoria on 4 September 1939 after World War II was declared, and other services were terminated following the German invasion of France in May 1940. Though the station was bombed several times in 1940 and 1941, there was not enough damage to prevent operations. A plane crashed into the eastern side of the station on 15 September 1940 and a flying bomb caused partial damage on 27 June 1944.[55]

The greatest change to the station during the 1920s and 1930s was the introduction of

third-rail electrification for all suburban and many main-line services, replacing the original LB&SCR overhead scheme by 1929 and largely replacing steam traction, except on Chatham Section main-line and Oxted line trains. Services to Orpington were electrified in 1925 and to Epsom the following year. By 1932 the Brighton Main Line was electrified, quickly followed by those to other Sussex coastal towns and Portsmouth by 1938.[56] The brand name "Southern Electric" was applied to all these services. The Brighton Belle, the first electric all-Pullman service in the world, ran from Victoria from 29 June 1934 until its withdrawal in 1972.[53][57]

Nationalisation

The Golden Arrow leaving Victoria Station, 1953

British Railways (BR) took over the station on 1 January 1948. A new set of offices for Continental trains opened on 14 June, while the eastern booking hall was renovated, opening on 5 February 1951.[55][58]

During the 1950s and early 1960s

diesel-electric multiple units.[59] Various plans were proposed at this time to redevelop Victoria, including new offices, hotels and a helicopter station.[60] The last steam service left Victoria on 8 January 1964 to East Grinstead, after which it was replaced by diesel-electric multiple units.[59]

The station was redeveloped internally in the 1980s, with the addition of shops within the concourse, and above the western platforms as the "Victoria Place" shopping centre and 220,000 square feet (20,000 m2) of office space. Platforms 16 and 17 opened on the site of the former taxi rank on 21 December 1987.[61][62] A major re-signalling scheme was carried out during the works.[53] The station was managed by Network SouthEast also under British Rail.[63]

Gatwick Express service at Victoria in 2003

The other major change to the station under BR was the gradual development of services to Gatwick Airport station after its opening on 28 May 1958. A dedicated rail-air terminal opened on top of platform 15 on 1 May 1962, designed by Clive Pascall.[59][64]

Several long-standing services from Victoria ended during the BR era. The Brighton Belle's final service was on 30 April 1972, followed by the last Golden Arrow on 30 September. The Night Ferry lasted until 31 October 1980, though the Venice-Simplon Orient Express, a luxury Pullman service, has been running intermittently since 1982.[53]

In 1984 the non-stop

Dover and Folkestone for France and Belgium and beyond.[66] This ceased with the introduction of Eurostar in 1994, which did not serve Victoria, and the International Travel Centre closed.[67]

Services

In 2019/20, Victoria was the

Operationally, there are two separate main line

termini
:

Services are operated by Southeastern and Southern, owned by the Department for Transport and Govia[75] respectively. All services at Victoria use electric multiple unit trains.[51]

Lines on the floor of the concourse leading to various facilities.
A 360° sphere view of the station concourse

To help passengers choose the correct service, the floor of the main concourse at Victoria was marked with different coloured lines. Passengers could then follow the line marked with the specific colour for that service to arrive at their intended departure point.[76]

Southeastern

Southeastern services at Victoria use platforms 1–8. The station is served by a mixture of metro and long distance (mainline) services. Metro services are operated using Class 465 and 466 EMUs whilst mainline services are operated using Class 375 and 377 EMUs.

As of December 2022, the typical off-peak service run by Southeastern in trains per hour (tph) is:[77]

Southern

Southern services at Victoria use platforms 9-12 and 15-19 as of August 2022. The station is served by a mixture of metro and long distance (mainline) services. Southern Metro and Mainline services are both operated by Class 377 EMUs and Gatwick Express is serviced by Class 387 EMUs.

From 4 September, the typical off-peak service run by Southern in trains per hour (tph) is:[74]

During the Suspension of the Gatwick Express, Southern Services at Victoria began to use Platforms 13 and 14 as well as operating the Gatwick Express fleet of Class 387 units. However this has now ended as Gatwick Express Services were reinstated in March of 2022.[78]

Gatwick Express

Gatwick Express, formerly a separate franchise but now operated by Southern, run services from platforms 13 and 14. Ticket barriers were installed on these platforms in 2011.[79]

As of September 2022, the typical off-peak service run by Gatwick Express in trains per hour (tph) is:

However, within the peak hours, Gatwick Express services stop at intermediate stations between Haywards Heath and Brighton such as Preston Park, Hassocks and Burgess Hill.

Thameslink

Thameslink operate limited services from London Victoria to Sevenoaks in Kent, usually on Sundays or early mornings.

Preceding station National Rail National Rail Following station
TerminusSoutheastern
Southeastern
Southeastern
Terminus
Oxted Line
Southern
TerminusGatwick Express
Terminus
Thameslink
Thameslink
Sunday Mornings only
Terminus  
Belmond

London-Paris-Venice
  Folkestone West
Preceding station London Underground Following station
Sloane Square
towards Edgware Road
Circle line
St James's Park
towards Hammersmith via Tower Hill
Sloane Square District line St James's Park
towards Upminster
Pimlico
towards Brixton
Victoria line Green Park
Future development
Preceding station Crossrail Following station
King's Road Chelsea Crossrail 2 Tottenham Court Road

Accidents and incidents

On 26 February 1884, an explosion occurred in the cloak-room of the Brighton side injuring seven staff, as part of the Fenian dynamite campaign.[81]

On 27 August 1910, an empty LB&SCR stock train derailed due to inadequate signalling arrangements, leading to four injuries.[82]

On 26 July 1939, as part of the IRA's S-Plan, bombs exploded in the luggage office at King's Cross and then in the cloakroom at Victoria. Five were wounded at Victoria; at King's Cross, one man was killed and 17 people severely wounded.[83][84]

In the early 1940s, a German Nazi plane crashed into the station courtyard but there was no deaths. The plane was later placed inside the Imperial war museum. [85][86]

On 17 July 1946, a light engine collided with a passenger train; several people were injured.[87]

On 15 December 1959, a passenger train collided with a

rake of parcels vans. At least eleven people were injured.[88]

On 8 September 1973, a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded at the ticket office, injuring four people.[89][90]

Deborah Linsley was found murdered on an Orpington
-Victoria train arriving at this platform on 23 March 1988. The unidentified killer got off here and disappeared into the crowds. The high-profile murder remains unsolved as of 2022, despite the killer's DNA being known since 2002 and a £10,000 reward still being on offer.

On the afternoon of 23 March 1988, Deborah Linsley was found brutally stabbed to death on a train arriving at platform 2 at Victoria. She had got on the Orpington-Victoria service at Petts Wood. A French au pair heard screaming from the compartment next to her on the final leg of the journey between Brixton and Victoria. Several people, including the au pair, reported seeing a suspicious blonde or ginger-haired man walking from the train and washing cuts on his face in the toilet of the station, while there were also sightings of a man seen staring at women boarding the train at Orpington and changing compartments at Penge East, possibly into Linsley's compartment. Despite the killer's DNA being known since 2002, the murder remains unsolved as of August 2022. There remains a £10,000 reward on offer for information leading to the capture of the killer.[91][92]

On 18 February 1991, an IRA bomb exploded in a litter bin, killing David Corner,

Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorist Branch chose not to close the stations.[94]

In 2009 a woman was found by a

Police Community Support Officer (PCSO) acting suspiciously. When approached she produced a gun and pointed it at a passing young child. Unarmed PCSO George McNaught of the Metropolitan Police wrestled the gun out of the woman's hands before overpowering and detaining her. The woman was arrested and PCSO McNaught was awarded the commendation of the High Sheriff of Greater London for his brave actions. He is the first PCSO to receive the award.[95]

In March 2010, a youth was stabbed to death in Victoria Underground station, in front of numerous witnesses. Eight people were convicted of the killing in 2013. Three defendants were found guilty of murder and five were convicted of manslaughter.[96]

The former British ambassador to the US,

Sir Christopher Meyer, claimed to have been attacked on a Tube platform at the station in July 2018. Two teenagers were arrested and then bailed by police.[97] However a witness subsequently claimed that Sir Christopher was injured after accidentally falling over.[98]

On 8 May 2019, Class 377 electric multiple unit 377 142 collided with the buffer stop.[99]

On 22 March 2020, during the global

Barnet General Hospital and put on a ventilator. She died on 5 April, aged 47, leaving her 11-year-old daughter and husband. The police interviewed a 57-year-old man, who tested negative for the virus. No further action was taken as it was discovered that the incident was not a cause of Mujinga's death, as well as senior detectives concluding that "there is no evidence to substantiate any criminal offences having taken place".[100][101]

London Underground station

Victoria London Underground
Entrance at Cardinal Place
LocationBelgravia
Local authorityCity of Westminster
Managed byLondon Underground
OwnerTransport for London
Number of platforms4
AccessibleYes[102]
Fare zone1
OSILondon Victoria National Rail
London Underground annual entry and exit
2018Increase 84.47 million[103]
2019Increase 85.47 million[104]
2020Decrease 22.95 million[105]
2021Increase 33.48 million[106]
2022Increase 56.43 million[107]
Key dates
1868Opened (DR)
1872Started "Outer Circle" (NLR)
1872Started "Middle Circle" (H&CR/DR)
1900Ended "Middle Circle"
1908Ended "Outer Circle"
1949Started (Circle line)
1969Opened as terminus (Victoria line)
1971Extended south (Victoria line)
Other information
External links
 London transport portal

There are two connected Underground stations at Victoria, on different levels and built more than a century apart. The older one, on the north side of the bus station, serves the District and Circle lines, constructed by 'cut and cover' methods just below road level. The newer station, closer to the main line station, serves the Victoria line, a deep-level tube. Each has its own ticket hall, and the two are connected by a pedestrian passage beneath the bus station.[108]

Victoria is currently the 3rd busiest station on the London Underground with 56.43 million passengers using the station in 2022. The station was not built for this number of passengers, which resulted in overcrowding requiring crowd control measures to be implemented at busy times.[109] A £700 million upgrade of the station was completed in 2018, which doubled the size of the existing station, as well as providing step-free access.[110][111]

Circle and District lines

The first part of the station was opened on 24 December 1868 by the District Railway (DR, now the District line) when the company opened the first section of its line, between South Kensington and Westminster.[112] The DR connected to the Metropolitan Railway (MR, later the Metropolitan line) at South Kensington and, although the two companies were rivals, each company operated trains over the other's tracks in a joint service known as the "Inner Circle". The line was operated by steam locomotives, creating the necessity to leave periodic gaps open to the air.[113]

On 1 February 1872, the DR opened a northward branch from

North London Line to Willesden Junction, then the West London Line to Addison Road and the DR to Mansion House, the new eastern terminus of the DR.[116]

From 1 August 1872, the "Middle Circle" service also began operation through Victoria, from Moorgate along the MR on the north side of the Inner Circle to Paddington, then over the Hammersmith & City Railway (H&CR) to Latimer Road and then to Mansion House.[117] On 30 June 1900, the Middle Circle service was withdrawn between Earl's Court and Mansion House.[118] On 31 December 1908 the Outer Circle service was also withdrawn.[119]

The original DR station was rebuilt at the beginning of the 20th century, initially as a single-storey structure. An office building was built above it later. The line was electrified in 1905.[120] In 1949, the Inner Circle route was given its own identity on the tube map as the Circle line.[121][122]

Victoria line

Plans for the route that eventually became the Victoria line date from the 1940s. A proposal for a new underground railway line linking north-east London with the centre was included in the County of London Plan in 1943.[123] Between 1946 and 1954, a series of routes were proposed by different transport authorities to connect various places in south and north or north-east London. Each of these connected the three main-line termini at King's Cross, Euston and Victoria.[a] A route was approved in 1955 with future extensions to be decided later,[127] though funding for the construction was not approved by the government until 1962.[128]

As part of the construction of the Victoria line, a new ticket hall was constructed just outside the main railway building. From the ticket hall, a set of escalators led down to the new Victoria line. The Victoria line station opened on 7 March 1969, when the third phase of the line began operating, south of Warren Street.[129] Victoria was the terminus while the final phase was under construction to Brixton. This opened on 23 July 1971.[130]

There are two sidings to the south of the Victoria line platforms plus another crossover to the north to enable trains to terminate and turn back north.[131]

Station upgrade and expansion

Following growth in passenger numbers in the 2000s, Victoria Underground station became one of the busiest on the Underground, with around 80 million passengers a year.[109][132] At rush hour, more than 30,000 passengers entered the station between 8 and 9am, and entrances to the station were frequently closed due to dangerous levels of overcrowding at platform level.[109]

TfL subsequently upgraded and expanded the station at a cost of £700m between 2011 and 2018 to alleviate overcrowding and to provide step-free access.[109][133] The work included expansion of the existing south "Victoria line" ticket hall, an additional entrance and ticket hall under Bressenden Place, new and replaced escalators, renovation and expansion work throughout the existing station, and step-free access.[110][111] Overall, the work expanded the station by 110%, with 9 new escalators and 10 new lifts.[132]

Although contributors to the public inquiry into the upgrade criticised that access to platforms was long and/or indirect compared to the direct access using the existing escalators,[134] the work was permitted in July 2009.[135] Construction began in 2011,[133] and tunnelling for the project was completed in 2015 after complex work; tunnelling took place 60 cm from the existing District and Circle line tunnels.[136]

The first phase of the project opened in January 2017, with a new entrance leading to a North Ticket Hall underneath Bressenden Place, linked to the Victoria line by new escalators and lifts.

public house continued until 2019.[141]

Future

Victoria is a proposed stop on Crossrail 2, the route of which has been safeguarded since 1991.[142] The project would involve the construction of two new 250-metre (820 ft) long platforms, and new entrances onto Ebury Street and the main National Rail station. The District and Circle line ticket hall would be expanded and include a direct connection to the new Crossrail station. Crossrail 2 trains would also be able to reverse at Victoria. The service proposes to run 30 additional trains per hour through the station, which is expected to reduce crowding in Victoria by 25%.[143]

The Docklands Light Railway has also been proposed to be linked with Victoria.[144] This would be a continuation of the line from Bank via City Thameslink, with another branch to Euston.[145][146] As of 2020, these extensions of the DLR are not being progressed.[147]

In January 2020, Victoria BID - the local Business improvement district - proposed removing the bus station from the mainline station forecourt to create a new "Station Square". Bus stops would be relocated to nearby streets.[148][149]

Cultural references

Victoria station is mentioned in Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest as the location where Jack Worthing was found by Thomas Cardew. In describing this to Lady Bracknell, Jack clarifies he was named because Cardew had a ticket to Worthing, and clarifies this as "the Brighton line" (that is, the LB&SCR station, as opposed to the LC&DR one).[150]

The station is mentioned in the Sherlock Holmes short story "The Final Problem", when Dr Watson catches a Continental Express train from Victoria to avoid Moriarty and his henchmen.[151]

The Harold Pinter short play Victoria Station has the station as the intended destination that the driver never reaches.[152]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ In 1946, the Railway (London Plan) Committee published a report including "Route 8 – South to North link from East Croydon to Finsbury Park", a main-line service running between Norbury and Hornsey in tunnel via Streatham Hill, Brixton, Vauxhall, Victoria, Bond Street, Euston, King's Cross and Finsbury Park.[124] In 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board produced a plan for a similar route for a tube line running into north-east London. This would run between Coulsdon North or Sanderstead and Walthamstow (Hoe Street) or Waltham Cross.[125] These plans were reviewed by the British Transport Commission in 1949 and a feasibility study was recommended. This became a combined route, "Route C" running between Walthamstow and Victoria.[125][126]

Citations

  1. ^ "London and South East" (PDF). National Rail. September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009.
  2. ^
    Office of Rail Regulation
    . Please note: Some methodology may vary year on year.
  3. ^ "Victoria Station". Network Rail. 26 July 2012. Archived from the original on 11 May 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  4. ^ "The history of London Victoria station". Network Rail. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  5. ^ "Victoria Tube station upgrade delivers quicker journeys".
  6. ^ "London Victoria station". Google Maps. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  7. ^ Davies & Grant 1983, p. 48.
  8. ^ "Commercial information". Our Stations. London: Network Rail. April 2014. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  9. ^ Historic England. "Victoria Railway Station – The Former London, Chatham and Dover Railway Station including Train Shed (1266689)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  10. ^ "Victoria Coach Station". TfL. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  11. ^ "Buses from Victoria" (PDF). TfL. 29 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Night buses from Victoria" (PDF). TfL. 29 April 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 268.
  14. ^ a b Jackson 1984, pp. 267–268.
  15. ^ Turner 1978, pp. 116–117.
  16. ^ a b Gray 1977, pp. 42–3.
  17. ^ Gray 1977, p. 44.
  18. ^ Gray 1977, p. 45.
  19. ^ Turner 1978, p. 121.
  20. ^ Turner 1978, p. 122.
  21. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 269.
  22. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 271.
  23. ^ "Victoria Station and Pimlico Railway". Daily News. London. 2 August 1860.
  24. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 272.
  25. ^ a b Gordon 1910, p. 157.
  26. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 274.
  27. ^ Body 1989, p. 201.
  28. ^ a b GWR Memorandum for the Board 23 January 1931. National Archives RAIL 1057/2931.
  29. ^ Gray 1977, p. 61.
  30. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 278.
  31. ^ Gray 1990, p. 111.
  32. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 277.
  33. ^ Betjeman 1972, p. 98.
  34. ^ Gordon 1910, pp. 157–8.
  35. .
  36. ^ Turner 1979, pp. 172–5.
  37. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 267.
  38. ^ Martin 2014, p. 88.
  39. OCLC 271476914
    .
  40. ^ Gray 1990, p. 52.
  41. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 281.
  42. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 282.
  43. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 287.
  44. ^ Weinreb et al. 2008, p. 975.
  45. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 288.
  46. ^ Jackson 1984, p. 239.
  47. ^ a b Jackson 1984, p. 289.
  48. ^ "Victoria Station, London: Saying Goodbye". BBC. 6 November 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
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