Victoria of Baden

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Victoria of Baden
Queen consort of Sweden
Tenure8 December 1907 – 4 April 1930
Born(1862-08-07)7 August 1862
Karlsruhe, Baden
Died4 April 1930(1930-04-04) (aged 67)
Rome, Italy
Burial12 April 1930
Riddarholmen Church
Spouse
Gustaf V of Sweden
​
(m. 1881)​
Issue
Names
Sophie Marie Viktoria
HouseZähringen
FatherFrederick I, Grand Duke of Baden
MotherPrincess Louise of Prussia
SignatureVictoria of Baden's signature
Wedding medal for Victoria and Gustaf in 1881

Victoria of Baden (

First World War
.

Early life

Princess Viktoria was born on 7 August 1862 at

Grand Duke Frederick I of Baden, and Princess Louise of Prussia. Viktoria was named after her aunt by marriage, Crown Princess Victoria of Prussia, daughter of Queen Victoria
of the United Kingdom.

Victoria was tutored privately in the Karlsruhe Palace, by governesses and private teachers, in an informal "Palace School" with carefully selected girls from the aristocracy. She was given a conventional education for her gender and class with focus on art, music and languages, and could play the piano, paint and speak French and English. Victoria was given a strict and Spartan upbringing with a focus on duty. Among other things, her mother ordered her to sleep on hard mattresses by an open window. Such spartan methods was recommended at the time as beneficial and something that would harden the child's future health; but it is believed, that this had bad consequences for Victoria's health later in life.[1]

Victoria was given her confirmation in 1878. After this, she made her debut in adult social life and marriage prospects were discussed. [2]

Crown Princess

Victoria and Gustaf of Sweden
Crown Princess Victoria and Crown Prince Gustaf of Sweden, 1880s

On 20 September 1881 in

Sofia of Nassau
. From then on, she used the name Victoria. The German Emperor and Empress were present at the wedding, and marriage was arranged as a sign that Sweden belonged to the German sphere in Europe.
cortege into Stockholm 1 October 1881. On 1 February 1882, Victoria and Gustaf visited Oslo
, where they were welcomed with a procession of 3,000 torch bearers.

She and Gustaf were brought together by their families and their marriage was reported not to have been a happy one. Their marriage produced three children. In 1890–1891, Victoria and Gustaf travelled to Egypt to repair their relationship, but it did not succeed, allegedly due to Victoria's interest in one of the courtiers,[5] and she repeated the trip to Egypt in 1891–1892. After 1889, the personal relationship between Victoria and Gustaf is considered to have been finished, in part, as estimated by Lars Elgklou, due to the bisexuality of Gustaf.[6] She suffered from postnatal depression after the birth of her first child in 1882, and after this, she often spent the winters at spas abroad. She would continue to spend the winters outside Sweden from that year until her death. By 1888, her winter trips had made her unpopular, and she was described as very haughty.[7] In 1889, she had pneumonia, and was formally ordered by the doctors to spend the cold Swedish winters in a southern climate. She had conflicts with her parents-in-law about her expensive stays abroad.

She greatly disapproved of the marriage between her brother-in-law prince Oscar and her lady-in-waiting

Ebba Munck af Fulkila in 1888.[8]
 She is described as strong-willed and artistically talented. She was an accomplished amateur photographer and painter and she also sculpted. On her travels in
Beethoven
. She was also described as a skillful rider.

Queen

Gustaf Adolf
, 1883.
Queen Viktoria of Sweden.

Victoria became Queen-consort of Sweden with her father-in-law's death on 8 December 1907. As queen, she was only present in Sweden during the summers, but she still dominated the court.[9] She arranged the marriage between her son Wilhelm and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia in 1908.[9] She was also devoted to various kinds of charity, in Sweden, Germany and Italy.

Queen Victoria in her uniform as Colonel-in-Chief of the 34th (Pomeranian) Fusiliers renamed in her honour.

Queen Victoria had substantial political influence over her husband, who was often considered pro-German. In 1908, Victoria made an official visit to Berlin with Gustaf, where she was made an honorary Prussian Colonel of the

Great Strike of 1909, the 1911 election victory of the radicals and the Socialists as well as the liberals, and when her son was temporary regent in 1912, she warned him in letters from Italy that he should not be too "intimate" with the elected government.[12]

Queen Victoria lost much popularity among Swedes for her often noted pro-German attitude, particularly politically during

King of Prussia, and in 1918–19, after he was deposed, she lost all political influence in Sweden.[14]

Medal for Queen Victoria in 1930

Queen Victoria suffered from very poor health (much due to poor treatment by several doctors in her youth), and often went on trips to make her health better (she suffered from bronchitis and possibly tuberculosis). She was treated with mercury and undue heavy medications during her difficult pregnancies, possibly the cause of her chronic conditions. From 1892 to her death, Axel Munthe was her personal physician and recommended for health reasons that she spend winters on the Italian island of Capri. While initially hesitant, in the autumn of 1901 she travelled to Capri, arriving to an official welcome and a crowd which escorted her from the Marina Grand to the Hotel Paradise. From then on, except during World War I and for the last two years of her life, she spent several months a year on Capri. After some time, she decided to purchase her own residence on Capri, an intimate rustic two-storey farmhouse she named Casa Caprile, which she had extensively landscaped, surrounding it with a dense park. In the 1950s, twenty years after her death, the property became a hotel.

The Queen went to Munthe's residence, the Villa San Michele, most mornings to join Munthe for walks around the island. Munthe and the Queen also arranged evening concerts at San Michele, at which the Queen played the piano. They also shared a love of animals, with the Queen frequently being seen with a leashed dog, and she was known to support Munthe's (eventually successful) efforts to purchase Mount Barbarossa for use as a bird sanctuary. It was rumoured that Munthe and the Queen were lovers, but this has never been confirmed.

Queen Victoria spent a lot of her time abroad because of health reasons, as the Swedish climate was not considered good for her, and during her last years as queen, she was seldom present in Sweden: she participated in an official visit to Norrland in 1921, a visit to Dalarna in 1924, and to Finland in 1925. The visit to Finland was her last official appearance as queen; although she did visit Sweden at her husband's birthday 1928, she did not show herself to the public. During those celebrations, however, someone noticed the figure of a woman behind a curtain in the Royal Palace of Stockholm: he waved to her, and she waved back with her handkerchief.[15] After this, she left Sweden for Italy for good: she died two years afterwards.

She was the 855th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa.

Riddarholm Church
.

Death

Toward the end of her life, with her health declining, Munthe recommended she no longer spend time in Capri, and she returned to Sweden for some time, building a Capri-styled villa there. She then moved to Rome.

Her final visit to Sweden was on her husband's 70th birthday in June 1928, and Queen Victoria died on 4 April 1930 in her home Villa Svezia in Rome aged 67.

Issue

Name Birth Death Notes
King
Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
 11 November 1882 15 September 1973(1973-09-15) (aged 90) married 1) Princess Margaret of Connaught (1882–1920), had issue (including Ingrid, Queen of Denmark);

married 2) Louise Mountbatten (1889–1965), a stillborn daughter

Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland 17 June 1884 5 June 1965(1965-06-05) (aged 80) married
Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia
(1890–1958), had issue
Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland 20 April 1889 20 September 1918(1918-09-20) (aged 29) died unmarried of the Spanish flu, no issue

Arms

Marital arms of Crown Prince Gustaf
and Crown Princess Victoria
Victoria's coat of arms as queen
of Sweden
Royal Monogram of Queen Victoria
of Sweden

Ancestry

Photographic work

  • "Before we reached the camp we came across a long string of beduin women in their long blue dresses." Photo: Queen Victoria of Sweden. Egypt, 1890.
    "Before we reached the camp we came across a long string of beduin women in their long blue dresses." Photo: Queen Victoria of Sweden. Egypt, 1890.
  • "The river Nile at Shellal, photograph taken in the late afternoon on the 15th of February 1891." Photo: Queen Victoria of Sweden. Egypt, 1891
    "The river Nile at Shellal, photograph taken in the late afternoon on the 15th of February 1891." Photo: Queen Victoria of Sweden. Egypt, 1891

References

  1. ^ Heribert Jansson (1963). Drottning Victoria. Stockholm: Hökerbergs bokförlag
  2. ^ Heribert Jansson (1963). Drottning Victoria. Stockholm: Hökerbergs bokförlag
  3. ^ Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 128.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  4. ^ Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien - eller historier - om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 129.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  5. ^ Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 133.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  6. ^ a b c Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 161.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  7. ^ Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 131.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  8. ^ Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 140.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  9. ^ a b Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 162.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  10. ^ Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 160.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  11. ^ Heribert Jansson (1963). Drottning Victoria. Stockholm: Hökerbergs bokförlag
  12. ^ Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 163.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  13. ^ Lars Elgklou (1978). Bernadotte. Historien – eller historier – om en familj [Bernadotte. The history – or stories – of a family.] (in Swedish). Askild & Kärnekull Förlag AB. p. 164.
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  14. ^
    ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .
  15. ISBN 91-7008-882-9
    .

Further reading

External links

Victoria of Baden
Born: 7 August 1862 Died: 4 April 1930
Swedish royalty
Preceded by
Queen consort of Sweden

1907–1930 		Vacant
Title next held by
Louise Mountbatten
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