Videodisc
Videodisc (or video disc) is a general term for a
History
Eadweard Muybridge used his zoopraxiscope to project chronophotographic pictures on a glass disc in 1893.[3]
Theodore Brown patented in 1907 (UK patent GB190714493) a photographic disk system of recording approximately 1,200 images in a spiral of pictures on a 10-inch disk. Played back at 16 frames per second, a disk provides around one and a quarter minutes of material. The system was marketed as the Urban Spirograph by Charles Urban, and discs were produced - but it soon disappeared.[5]
John Logie Baird, created the Phonovision system in the early 1930s, which mechanically produces about four frames per second. The system was not successful.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation developed a system in 1965 called Phonovid, that allows for the playback of 400 stored still images, along with 40 minutes of sound.[6] The system uses a standard record player, and builds the picture up slowly.
The Television Electronic Disc, a mechanical system, was rolled out in Germany and Austria in 1970 by Telefunken. The 12-inch discs have a capacity of about eight minutes; however, it was abandoned in favor of VHS by its parent company.[7]
In Japan, the TOSBAC computer was using digital video disks to display color pictures at 256x256 image resolution in 1972.[8] In 1973, Hitachi announced a video disc capable of recording 15-colour still images on a disc. The same year, Sony announced a video disc recorder, similar to the Sony Mavica format.[9]
In 1975, Hitachi introduced a video disc system in which chrominance, luminance and sound information are encoded
Visc is a mechanical video disc system developed in Japan by
The
RCA produced a system called CED under the brand SelectaVision in 1981. The system uses a physical pickup riding in grooves of a pressed disc, reading variance in capacitance in the underlying disc. The system competed with Laserdisc for a few years, before being abandoned in 1984. Although, movie studios continued releasing titles in the format until 1986.
JVC produced a system very similar to CED called Video High Density (VHD). It was launched in 1983 and marketed predominantly in Japan. It is a capacitance contact system but without grooves. VHD discs were adopted in the UK by Thorn EMI which started to develop a consumer catalogue, including bespoke material. Development for the mass market was halted in late 1983, but the system remained on sale for educational and business markets as a computer-controlled video system until the late 1980s.
Laserfilm, a videodisc format developed by McDonnell Douglas was released in 1984.
Classification
Video discs can be classed based on their playback mechanism:
- Mechanical
- Phonovision
- Phonovid
- TeD
- Visc
- Capacitance Based
- Optical discs
- Reflective
- Blu-ray, etc.
- Transmissive
- Thomson CSFsystem
- Laserfilm
- Reflective
See also
- Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE), an early high-definition video system
References
Notes
- ^ "Who's Who of Victorian Cinema". www.victorian-cinema.net.
- ISBN 9781501302695.
- ^ "The quest for home video: Zoöpraxography". www.terramedia.co.uk.
- ^ "The quest for home video: Anthony Spiral". www.terramedia.co.uk.
- ^ "The quest for home video: Urban Spirograph". www.terramedia.co.uk.
- ^ "LabGuy's World: Extinct Westinghouse Video Equipment". www.labguysworld.com.
- ^ Gould, Jack (October 19, 1970). "Movies on Plastic Disks for Home TV Displayed". The New York Times. p. 67.
- ^ First USA-Japan Computer Conference Proceedings: October 3-5, 1972, Tokyo, Japan, page 320, American Federation of Information Processing Societies
- ^ a b c "The quest for home video: Video discs part 2". www.terramedia.co.uk.
- ^ Billboard, 28 April 1979
- ^ Video Age: Television Technology and Applications in the 1980s (Video Bookshelf) (Hardcover)
- ^ "Thomson-CSF Transmissive VideoDisc System from 1980". www.cedmagic.com.
Bibliography
- Cowie, Jefferson R. Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy-Year Quest for Cheap Labor. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8014-3525-0.
- Daynes, Rob and Beverly Butler. The VideoDisc Book: A Guide and Directory. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1984. ISBN 0-471-80342-1.
- DeBloois, Michael L., ed. VideoDisc/Microcomputer Courseware Design. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Educational Technology Publications, 1982. ISBN 0-87778-183-4.
- Floyd, Steve, and Beth Floyd, eds. The Handbook of Interactive Video. White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications. 1982. ISBN 0-86729-019-6.
- Graham, Margaret B.W. RCA and the VideoDisc: The Business of Research. (Also as: The Business of Research: RCA and the VideoDisc.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN 0-521-36821-9.
- Haynes, George R. Opening Minds: The Evolution of Videodiscs & Interactive Learning. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., 1989. ISBN 0-8403-5191-7.
- Isailovi´c, Jordan. VideoDisc and Optical Memory Systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985. ISBN 0-13-942053-3.
- Lardner, James. Fast Forward: Hollywood, the Japanese, and the VCR Wars. (Also as: Fast Forward: Hollywood, the Japanese, and the Onslaught of the VCR.) New York: W. W. Norton & Co Inc., 1987. ISBN 0-393-02389-3.
- Lenk, John D. Complete Guide to Laser/VideoDisc Player Troubleshooting and Repair. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985. ISBN 0-13-160813-4.
- Schneider, Edward W., and Junius L. Brennion. (1980). The Instructional Media Library: VideoDiscs, (Volume 16). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications. ISBN 0-87778-176-1. 1981.
- Sigel, Efrem, Mark Schubin and Paul F. Merrill. Video Discs: The Technology, the Applications and the Future. White Plains, N.Y. : Knowledge Industry Publications, 1980. ISBN 0-442-27784-9.
- Sobel, Robert. RCA. New York: Stein and Day/Publishers, 1986. ISBN 0-8128-3084-9.
- Sonnenfeldt, Richard. Mehr als ein Leben (More than One Life). ?, 2003. ISBN 3-502-18680-4. (In German.)
- Stewart, Scott Alan. Videodiscs in Healthcare: A Guide to the Industry. Alexandria, Virginia: Stewart Publishing, Inc, 1990. ISBN 0-936999-08-X
- Journals:
- The Videodisc Monitor
- Videodisc News
- Videodisc/Optical Disk Magazine
- Video Computing
- Interactive Healthcare Newsletter