Vietnam People's Navy
Vietnam People's Navy | |
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Hải quân nhân dân Việt Nam | |
Hồng Bàng District, Haiphong | |
Nickname(s) |
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Motto(s) | Đảo là nhà, Biển cả là quê hương (Our Home are the Islands, Our Homeland is the Sea) |
Colour | Purple, White |
March | Lướt sóng ra khơi (Surfing to the sea) |
Anniversaries | 7 May 1955 |
Fleet |
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The Vietnam People's Navy (VPN;
History
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2021) |
Pre–Modern Period
Vietnam War
On 19 July 1946, Acting President of Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) Huỳnh Thúc Kháng signed into law a decree establishing the modern Vietnamese navy. Then, on 10 September of that year, General Võ Nguyên Giáp started to build a flotilla as the core of the new navy. On 8 March 1949, Vietnam established the Department of Naval Research under the General Staff. This department has performed both research and training to prepare for combat missions.
Following the
Throughout the
The North Vietnamese, however, had maintained their own version of the events which took place. According to official VPN accounts Maddox penetrated North Vietnamese waters on 31 July 1964, and provoked a battle with the North Vietnamese. In response to American provocation, three 123K-class torpedo boats from the 135th Torpedo Boat Battalion were dispatched to intercept the American destroyer. The resulting clash became known as the 'Battle of Thanh Hóa' in which North Vietnamese "torpedo boats succeeded in driving the Maddox out of Vietnam's territorial waters, shooting down a U.S. aircraft and damaging another".
Apart from patrolling territorial waters, the Navy also had the mission of transporting military supplies to support the
On 19 April 1972, the Navy and Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) participated in the Battle of Đồng Hới off the coast of North Vietnam. During this battle it was believed that the U.S Navy destroyed a Soviet-made cruise missile for the first time. The destroyer USS Higbee was damaged after a VPAF MiG-17 dropped a 250 lb (110 kg) bomb, destroying a 5-inch (127 mm) aft gun mount.
In the years following the complete withdrawal of U.S and other allied forces, the North Vietnamese went back on the offensive. As part of the
Prior to 1975, the Navy operated fewer than forty patrol boats along with the coastal junk force. With the collapse of South Vietnam on 30 April 1975, the Navy was expanded with ships from the defunct RVNN. Captured vessels included two patrol frigates, over one hundred patrol craft, and about fifty amphibious warfare ships. Consequently, the navy ballooned in size to become the largest Southeast Asian navy by the mid-1980s, with 1,300 out of its 1,500 vessels captured from the South Vietnamese Navy or US Navy. [3]
In the late 1970s the naval infantry (or marines) was formed to be stationed on the areas claimed by the
In March 1988, the Navy
Modernization
The VPN began modernizing with its contract purchasing two Gepard-class frigates from Russia in 2006. From that point until 2016, a series of changes were implemented to transform the VPN from a purely brown-water navy to one capable of safeguarding its territorial interests in the South China Sea. Its most modern ships in 2011 were its 5 Petya-class frigates (2 Petya-III's from the late 70s, and 3 Petya-III's from the 80s) and a KBO-2000 fast attack craft. The navy attempted a KBO-2000 project with Russia in which the Severnoye Design Bureau designed a KBO-2000 which was constructed in Ba Son Shipyard in Ho Chi Minh City. Only one ship of this class was built by Vietnam, designated HQ-381, but it did not meet the Navy's expectations and so the project was canceled.[4]
Organisational structure
Organisational levels of Vietnam People's Navy, from highest to lowest are:
- Naval Headquarters (Bộ tư lệnh Hải quân) takes command of the entire Navy
- Naval Regions (Vùng Hải quân) 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
- Naval Brigade (Lữ đoàn Hải quân)
- Naval Regiment (Trung đoàn Hải quân)
- Naval Battalion (Hải đoàn)
- Squadron (Hải đội)
On 26 October 1975, the Ministry of Defence issued Decision No.141/QD-QP which established five Coastal Areas of Naval Command and jurisdiction provisions of the five regions. In 1978, they were renamed as the following naval regions:
- Hà Tĩnh and the islands in Gulf of Tonkin. Command Headquarters: Haiphong.
- Commander: Rear Admiral Phạm Văn Điển.
- Political Commissar: Rear Admiral Phạm Văn Vững.
- Đồng Nai.
- Commander: Rear Admiral Phạm Khắc Lượng.
- Political Commissar: Rear Admiral Nguyễn Phong Cảnh.
- Lý Sơn,... and Paracel Islands. Command Headquarters: Da Nang.
- Commander: Rear Admiral Đỗ Quốc Việt
- Political Commissar: Rear Admiral Nguyễn Tiến Dũng
- Khánh Hòa Province.
- Commander: Rear Admiral Phạm Văn Hoành.
- Political Commissar: Rear Admiral Phạm Thanh Hóa.
- Kiên Giang. Command Headquarters: Phú Quốc, Kiên Giang.
- Commander: Rear Admiral Nguyễn Duy Tỷ.
- Political Commissar: Rear Admiral Ngô Văn Phát.
- Naval Infantry
Armed services
Surface Ships | Naval Special Operation Force | Naval Infantry | Naval Air Force | Missile - Coastal Artillery | Submarine Force |
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Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of
Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | Officer cadet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Vietnam People's Navy[5] |
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Đô đốc | Phó đô đốc
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Chuẩn đô đốc
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Đại tá | Thượng tá | Trung tá | Thiếu tá | Đại úy | Thượng úy | Trung úy | Thiếu úy | Học viên Sĩ quan
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Other ranks
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Vietnam People's Navy[5] |
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Thượng sĩ | Trung sĩ | Hạ sĩ | Binh nhất | Binh nhì |
The Vietnamese naval academy, with its headquarters in Nha Trang, is the main institute for training naval commanding officers for the divisional level, and commanding staffs at tactical/campaign levels. Students include both undergraduates and postgraduates serving in the military.
The forerunner of the
After 55 years of development, combat and growth, the academy has trained thousands of officers and technical staff for major specialised fields such as vessel control, mining and anti-mine operations, anti-submarine missiles, gunships, information, radar, sonar, coastal radar, shipyard work, the Coast Guard, and Border Defence Force.
In addition, the naval academy has trained officers for both the Royal Cambodian Navy and the Lao People's Navy.
Manpower
The current total manpower of the navy is around 50,000 officers and enlisted personnel, including naval infantry and other specialised units.
Equipment
See also
- Vietnam Coast Guard
- Republic of Vietnam Navy
- Gulf of Tonkin incident
- Vũng Rô Bay Incident
References
- ^ "HQND Việt Nam: Hiển hách những chiến công". Đất Việt (in Vietnamese). 6 June 2011. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012.
- ^ "Kỳ 1 : Thần tốc giải phóng Trường Sa". Tiền Phong Online (in Vietnamese). 23 April 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
- ^ Cima, R.J (1987). Vietnam: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 279.
- ^ Supriyanto 2017, pp. 94–95
- ^ a b "Quy định quân hiệu, cấp hiệu, phù hiệu và lễ phục của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam". mod.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Defence (Vietnam). 26 August 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
Sources
- Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana; Anderson, James, eds. (2011). The Tongking Gulf Through History (illustrated ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0812243369. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
- Lary, Diana (2007). Diana Lary (ed.). The Chinese State at the Borders (illustrated ed.). UBC Press. ISBN 978-0774813334. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
- Supriyanto, Ristian Atriandi, ed. (2017). Naval Modernisation in Southeast Asia: Problems and Prospects for Small and Medium Navies. ISBN 9783319584065.
- Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (1996). The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty (Ming Tai Huan Kuan) (illustrated ed.). SUNY Press. ISBN 0791426874. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
- Wade, Geoff (2005). Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource. Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore. Retrieved 6 November 2012.