Vietnamese architecture

This article may be a rough translation from Vietnamese. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency. Please help to enhance the translation. The original article is under "Tiếng Việt" in the "languages" list. If you have just labeled this article as needing attention, please add {{ WP:PNTCU section on Wikipedia:Pages needing translation into English . (April 2022)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Vietnamese architecture" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Ancient architecture

Ancient architecture in Vietnam had stilt houses (Vietnamese: nhà sàn) built with materials like wood and bamboo. Depictions of these houses are seen on

Dynastic architecture

Vietnamese architecture has imported influences from China; during this period, Vietnamese architecture was influenced by Buddhist architecture.^[1]

• Before the Ngô dynasty: When China invaded, the Chinese officials attempted to suppress the local culture; they melted bronze drums to attain bronze and assimilated the Lạc Việt people. The culture was gradually being assimilated and influenced more by Chinese culture. Military officers built ramparts and mansions; Chinese people immigrated to build houses with Chinese architecture.
• Thăng Long from Hoa Lư
  . Architecture during this time was more developed: ramparts were built with stone and bricks, the palace's loft was made of tall, colored wood, and curved tiled roofs were embellished with intricate and decorative statues of leaves, dragons, and phoenixes.
• Trần dynasty: Architecture used during this period was similar to the architecture used by the Lý dynasty but was developed further. The architecture still consists of three main buildings: tiền đường, thiên hương, and Upper Palace, as well as the garden and ornamental plants. The outstanding works that have survived until now are Bình Sơn Pagoda and Phổ Minh Pagoda.
• Tây Đô
  citadel.
• Lê dynasty: Wooden palace architecture flourished, roofed with yellow and green glazed tiles. Folk art developed through carvings on communal houses and pagodas. Remaining outstanding works are Bảng Communal temple, Tây Phương Temple, Hội An ancient town. At this time, Western culture began to come into contact.

• Nguyễn dynasty: Phú Xuân Imperial city (Imperial City of Huế) was made of bricks built with some influence from French architecture and was a citadel with a moat around it. The palace's upper floors consist of brightly colored wood, roofed with yellow and green glazed tiles. In the North, people built wooden or thatched houses. People in the Central and South regions built rường houses.

Modern architecture

Modern architecture of the Vietnamese people has been influenced by the West clearly, and at the same time, there has been the absorption and fusion of East–West architecture with its own identity to shape the architecture as it is today.

• During the French colonial period: The French colonialists brought Western concepts and ideas into Vietnam. Cement began to be widely used. The outstanding works of Western architecture in Vietnam are the
  Khải Định Tomb, Palace of An Định, Cửa Bắc Church, and the Vietnam National Museum of History
  .
• From independence to present: Vietnam borrows many architectural techniques and styles from many countries around the world and create many other unique new architectural styles.

Chinese architecture has influenced Vietnamese architecture immensely and many other countries around China, including Japan and Korea. While there is a lot of influence in Vietnamese architecture, there are also a few differences with Chinese architecture. The dougong (Chinese: 斗拱; pinyin: dǒugǒng; lit. cap [and] block; Vietnamese: Đấu củng) is an important part of Chinese architecture, is rarely or not found in Vietnamese architecture starting from the Lý dynasty where Vietnamese architecture began to develop and innovate away from Chinese traditional architecture. Vietnamese architecture was also influenced by feng shui (Vietnamese: phong thủy), buildings were built according to the directions and stars. A good example of this was during the construction of the Imperial City of Huế. Geomancers were consulted to find a suitable location for the citiadel. The citadel was oriented to face the Hương River (Perfume River) to the southeast. This differs from Beijing's Forbidden City in which faces true south.

French architecture has also influenced Vietnamese architecture with many colonial buildings being built with Vietnamese architecture and French architecture. The imperial palace of Huế, has many buildings using French architectural techniques and styles.

Gallery

Vietnamese wood carving typically found on the walls of old temples, a distinct feature of Vietnamese architecture

• 
  Vietnamese wood carving on one of the doors of the Phổ Minh pagoda
• 
  Vietnamese terracotta of dragons during the Lý–Trần dynasties, 11th–14th century. Used to decorate Vietnamese architecture
• 
  Stupa with lotus, bodhi leaf and dancer decoration, Hanoi, Lý dynasty, 11th–13th century AD, ceramic – National Museum of Vietnamese History – Hanoi, Vietnam
• 
  Porch, terra cotta, late 11th – early 12th century architectural material of the Lý dynasty
• 
  Trần dynasty ceramic pagoda
• 
  Trần dynasty ceramic pagoda
• 
  Trần dynasty ceramic pagoda
• 
  Trần dynasty ceramic pagoda
• 
  Collections of the Museum of Vietnamese History from the Trần dynasty
• 
  Collections of the Museum of Vietnamese History from the Trần dynasty
• 
  Decoration on the roof of the Trần dynasty
• 
  Collections of the Museum of Vietnamese History from the Trần dynasty
• 
  Dragon carving door from the Trần dynasty
• 
  Dang Minh stupa (replica), Hai Duong province, Tran dynasty, 13th–14th century AD
• 
  Restored Lê–Nguyễn dynasty, 17th–19th century
• 
  Lê dynasty ceramic spiritual house model, 17th century
• 
  Phổ Minh Pagoda, Phổ Minh Temple, constructed during the Trần dynasty
• 
  Bình Sơn Pagoda in Vĩnh Khánh Temple, constructed during the Trần dynasty
• 
  14th–16th century miniature shrine
• 
  The image simulates a corner of the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long during the Lý–Trần dynasties
• 
  Painting a corner of the Trịnh lord's palace in

  Đông Kinh
• 
  Lord Trịnh's Ngũ Long Lầu (the largest building in the picture)
• 
  Panoramic view of the Imperial City of Huế before the war was ravaged
• 
  Đình

  Mỹ Lương, Mỹ Lương commune, Cái Bè district, Tiền Giang
• 
  Sơn Tây citadel under Nguyễn dynasty
• 
  Traditional house in the south of Vietnam

See also

• Vietnamese garden
• Tam quan
• Trụ biểu
• Hòn non bộ
• Đình

References