Due to the Kalabhra invasion and the growing power of Pallavas, the
Cholas
migrated from their native country to Telugu lands and ruled from there as chieftains of Pallavas at least since 540 CE. The Cholas had to wait for another three centuries until the accession of Vijayalaya Chola.
Rise of Vijayalaya Chola
Making use of the opportunity during a war between the Pandyas and Pallavas, Vijayalaya rose out of obscurity and captured Thanjavur. However, there is no substantiated proof to verify the claim regarding his obscure beginnings. For a very long time, historians could not trace the ancestry of Vijayalaya Chola, who is considered to be the founder of the Medieval Chola dynasty.
Around mid ninth century CE, there was a great struggle going on between the Pallavas and the Pandyas for the political supremacy of South India. In this disturbed state of affairs, Vijayalaya Chola seems to have found a good opportunity to defeat the Pandyas, and make himself the ruler of Thanjavur and the surrounding Chola country. He also defeated the Pallavas.
Vijayalaya Chola conquered Thanjavur from Elango Mutharaiyar who was the final ruler of Mutharaiyar dynasty. It is said that in the year 852 CE Vijayalaya Chola waged war with Pandya's and defeated the latter. Making use of the opportunity during a war between Pandyas and Pallavas, Vijayalaya rose and established the Chola kingdom at Thanjavur with help of Muttaraiyar king Sattan Paliyilli (826–852 CE). Cholas became so powerful that the Pallavas were also wiped out from the Thanjavur region at a later stage.
and for a while the Chola revival looked short lived. Vijayalaya, by this time a veteran of many battles, was aging and was an invalid. By this time Vijayalaya lost his kingdom to the Pandyas and he became a tax paying king under the Pandya reign but the Cholas who succeeded him conquered the Pandya kingdom.
Inscriptions of Vijayalaya
The
Tiruvalangadu plates state that Vijayalaya captured the city of Tanjavur and made it his capital and that he also built in it a temple to the goddess Nisumbhasudani (Durga
). The Kanyakumari inscription states that he renovated the city of Tanjore.
Vijayalaya took the title of Tamil: பரகேசரிவர்மன், romanized: Parakēcarivarmaṉ, lit. 'Great son who is a lion to his enemies'. The suffix Tamil: வர்மன், romanized: Varmaṉ is according to S. Ramachandran a corrupt version of the Tamil word Tamil: பெருமகன், romanized: Great son, lit. 'Perumakaṉ'.
It goes as following – Perumagan (பெருமகன்) -> Perumaan (பெருமான்) -> Peruman (பெருமன்) -> Paruman (பருமன்) -> Varuman (வருமன்) -> Varman (வர்மன்) -> Varmaa (வர்மா).
Chola kings succeeding him took the titles of Tamil: பரகேசரி, romanized: Parakēcari, lit. 'One who is a lion to his enemy'. This is probably to acknowledge their supposed ancestors Parakesari.