Vilna Governorate
Vilna Governorate
| |
---|---|
Country | Russian Empire |
Krai | Northwestern |
Established | 1795 |
Abolished | 1918 |
Capital | Vilna |
Area | |
• Total | 41,907.9 km2 (16,180.7 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 293.84 m (964.04 ft) |
Population (1897) | |
• Total | 1,591,207 |
• Density | 38/km2 (98/sq mi) |
• Urban | 12.44% |
• Rural | 87.56% |
History of Lithuania |
---|
Chronology |
Lithuania portal |
The Vilna Governorate
History
The first governorates, Vilnius Governorate (consisting of eleven
In 1843, another administrative reform took place, creating the
During the
Demographics
Language | People |
---|---|
Lithuanian | 780,000 |
Yiddish | 180,000 |
Polish | 100,000 |
Russians | 80,000 |
Ruthenians | 50,000 |
Tatars | 10,000 |
Total | 1,200,000 |
In 1834, the Vilnius Governorate had about 789,000 inhabitants; by
Russian Empire Census
According to the Russian Empire census on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, The Vilna Governorate had a population of 1,591,207, including 790,880 men and 800,327 women. The majority of the population indicated Belarusian to be their mother tongue, which followed by a significant Lithuanian and Jewish speakers.[7]
Language | Native speakers | Percentage |
---|---|---|
White Russian[b] | 891,903 | 56.05 |
Lithuanian | 279,720 | 17.58 |
Jewish | 202,374 | 12.72 |
Polish | 130,054 | 8.17 |
Great Russian[b] | 78,623 | 4.94 |
German | 3,873 | 0.24 |
Tatar | 1,969 | 0.12 |
Little Russian[b] | 919 | 0.06 |
Latvian | 471 | 0.03 |
Gypsi | 182 | 0.01 |
Others | 1,119 | 0.07 |
Total | 1,591,207 | 100.00 |
Faith | Male | Female | Both | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Percentage | |||
Roman Catholic | 460,627 | 475,222 | 935,849 | 58.81 |
Eastern Orthodox | 214,225 | 201,070 | 415,295 | 26.10 |
Judaism | 98,193 | 106,493 | 204,686 | 12.86 |
Old Believer | 12,686 | 12,987 | 25,673 | 1.61 |
Lutheranism | 2,172 | 2,291 | 4,463 | 0.28 |
Islam | 2,572 | 1,803 | 4,375 | 0.27 |
Karaite | 251 | 325 | 576 | 0.04 |
Reformed |
92 | 85 | 177 | 0.01 |
Armenian Catholic | 22 | 25 | 47 | 0.00 |
Armenian Apostolic | 9 | 3 | 12 | 0.00 |
Mennonite | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.00 |
Anglican | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0.00 |
Other Christian denomination | 19 | 16 | 35 | 0.00 |
Other non-Christian denomination | 10 | 4 | 14 | 0.00 |
Total | 790,880 | 800,327 | 1,591,207 | 100.00 |
Between 1944 and 1946, about 150,000 people, mostly but not all of Polish extraction left the area for Poland (about 10% of this group may have been Lithuanians hoping to escape Soviet rule). Between 1955 and 1959, another 46,000 Polish-speakers left Lithuania (see the Demographic history of the Vilnius region). Meanwhile, the Jewish population of the area, just as in the rest of Lithuania, was virtually exterminated by the Nazis during World War II. As of 2001, ethnic Lithuanians once again predominated within the city of Vilnius (59%), but the area of the former governorate as a whole remained about 62% Polish, with the percentage of Russians (8.6) and Belarusians (4.4) having dwindled to a tiny minority.[citation needed]
Subdivisions
The counties (uezd) of the Vilna Governorate in 1897 was composed of seven uezds as follows:[7]
County | Capital | Arms of capital | Area | Population ( 1897 census )
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transliteration name | Russian Cyrillic | ||||
Vileyskiy | Вилейскій | Vileyka |
6,363.13 km2 (2,456.82 sq mi) |
208,013 | |
Vilenskiy |
Виленскій | Vilna | 6,185.14 km2 (2,388.10 sq mi) |
363,313 | |
Disnenskiy |
Дисненскій | Disna | 5,779.30 km2 (2,231.40 sq mi) |
204,923 | |
Lidskiy | Лидскій | Lida | 5,606.20 km2 (2,164.57 sq mi) |
205,767 | |
Oshmyanskiy | Ошмянскій | Oshmyany | 6,885.39 km2 (2,658.46 sq mi) |
233,559 | |
Sventsyanskiy |
Свѣнцянскій | Sventsyany | 5,228.03 km2 (2,018.55 sq mi) |
172,231 | |
Trokskiy | Трокскій | Troki | 5,862.27 km2 (2,263.44 sq mi) |
203,401 |
Ethnic composition
Russian authorities periodically performed censuses. However, they reported strikingly different numbers:[11]
Year | Total | Lithuanians | Poles | Belarusians | Russians | Jews | Other | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1862 | 838,464 | 418,880 | 50% | 154,386 | 18% | 146,431 | 17% | 14,950 | 2% | 76,802 | 9% | 27,035 | 3% |
1865 | 891,715 | 210,273 | 24% | 154,386 | 17% | 418,289 | 47% | 27,845 | 3% | 76,802 | 9% | 4,120 | 0% |
1883 | 1,192,000 | 417,200 | 35% | 281,312 | 24% | 239,592 | 20% | — | 176,416 | 15% | 77,480 | 7% | |
1897 | 1,561,713 | 274,414 | 18% | 126,770 | 8% | 880,940 | 56% | 75,803 | 5% | 197,929 | 13% | 5,857 | 0% |
1909 | 1,550,057 | 231,848 | 15% | 188,931 | 12% | 570,351 | 37% | 408,817 | 26% | 146,066 | 9% | 4,094 | 0% |
Governors
Name | In office |
---|---|
Yakov Bulgarov | 1797–1799 |
Ivan Friesell | 1799–1801 |
Dmitry Lanskoy | 1802–1804 |
Ivan Rickman | 1804–1806 |
Prokopy Bogmevsky | 1806–1808 |
Nikolay Brusilov | 1808–1810 |
Aleksandr Lavinsky | 1811–1816 |
Friedrich Drutsky-Lyubetsky | 1816–1823 |
Pyotr Gorn | 1823–1830 |
Dmitry Obreskov | 1830–1832 |
Grigory Doppelmayr | 1832–1836 |
Dmitry Bantysh-Kamensky | 1836–1838 |
Yuri Dolgorukov | 1838–1840 |
Aleksey Semyonov | 1840–1844 |
Nikolay Zherebtsov | 1844–1846 |
Mikhail Begichev | 1846–1851 |
Arkady Rosset | 1851–1857 |
Mikhail Pokhvisnev | 1857–1863 |
Ivan Galler | 1863–1863 |
Stepan Panyutin | 1863–1868 |
Ivan Shestakov | 1868–1869 |
Yegor Steblin-Kamensky | 1869–1882 |
Aleksandr Zhemchuzhnikov | 1882–1885 |
Nikolay Grevenits | 1885–1895 |
Aleksandr Frese | 1895–1896 |
Ivan Cheplevsky | 1896–1899 |
Nikolai Gruzinsky | 1899–1901 |
Viktor Wahl | 1901–1902 |
Konstantin Palen | 1902–1905 |
Sergey Tatishchev | 1905–1906 |
Dmitry Lyubimov | 1906–1912 |
Pyotr Veryovkin | 1912–1916 |
Aleksandr Tolstoy | 1916–1917 |
See also
- Ethnic history of the Vilnius region
- History of Vilnius
- Wilno Voivodeship
- Vileyka Voblast
Notes
- pre-reform orthography: Ви́ленская губе́рнія, romanized: Vílenskaya gubérniya: Gubernia wileńska
- Belarusian: Ві́ленская губе́рня, romanized: Vílenskaya hubérnya
- Lithuanian: Vilniaus gubernija
- Polish
References
- ISBN 9986-9216-9-4. Archived from the originalon 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
- ^ "Литовская губерния". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1890–1906.
- LCCN 74-114275.
- ^ Jan Tomasz Gross. Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia. Princeton University Press. 2002. p. 3.
- ^ Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych : obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i Litwę, p.206
- ISBN 5-420-01585-4.
- ^ a b c Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России [The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897. Breakdown of population by mother tongue and districts in 50 Governorates of the European Russia]. www.demoscope.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-04-27.
- ISBN 978-1-4008-5151-5.
- ISBN 978-1-4443-5968-8.
- ^ Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по вероисповеданиям и регионам [The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897. Breakdown of population by religions and regions]. www.demoscope.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-04-28.
- ^ Nikolajew, Christina Juditha (2005). Zum Zusammenhang zwischen nationaler Identitätsbildung und Katholischer Kirche in Litauen (PDF) (in German). Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. p. 16.[permanent dead link]