Vindelici
The Vindelici (
Name
They are mentioned as Vindĕlĭcī by Horace (1st c. BC),[1] as Ouindolikoì (Οὐινδολικοὶ; var. Οὐι(ν)δολίγοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD),[2] as Vindelici and Vindelicorum (var. uendili-, uidelicino-, uideliquo-) by Pliny (1st c. AD),[3] as Vindelicorumque by Tacitus (early 2nd c. AD),[4] and as Vindelicorum and Vindolici on inscriptions.[5][6]
The ethnonym Vindelicī a latinized form of Gaulish *Uindelicoi (sing. *Uindelicos). It derives from the stem *uindo- ('clear, white, bright'), probably after the name of an unattested river *Uindelis or *Uindelos.[7][8] A hydronym Vindelicus is mentioned by Florus as an alternative name of the Soulgas (Sorgue), in southeastern France.[6] Alternatively, Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel has proposed to translate the name as 'those from the white rocks', by deriving the second element from Gaulish lica ('flat stone').[9]
Geography
Their chief town during the Roman period was known as Augusta Vindelicum or Aelia Augusta (modern
Political organization
In the narrow sense, the Vindelician people comprised four sub-tribes, listed on the Tropaeum Alpium: the Cosuanetes, Rucinates, Licates and Catenates.[8]
In a broader sense, they included, as counted by Strabo, the Licates, Clautenatii, Vennones, Estiones, and Brigantii,[10] although this classification has been criticized as doubtful by some scholars.[8] Rather than sub-tribes, they may have rather been pagi or clients of the Vindelici.[12]
Despite the proximity of Augusta Vindelicum, the Vindelici were only partially Romanized.[11]
History
They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium.[3]
Early on, the Vindelici served as auxiliary soldiers in the Roman army, in the cohortes Raetorum et Vindelicorum.[8]
See also
References
- ^ Horace. Carm., 4:4:17–18, 14:7–9.
- ^ Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:3:3.
- ^ a b Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 3:20.
- ^ Tacitus. Annal., 2:17.
- ^ CIL 3:1343, 3:3562, 5:4910, 9:30:44, 13:6495, 13:5905, 13:6821, 13:7573, etc.
- ^ a b Falileyev 2010, s.v. Vindelici.
- ^ Delamarre 2003, p. 320.
- ^ a b c d Schumacher, Dietz & Zanier 2007.
- ^ de Bernardo Stempel 2015, p. 89.
- ^ a b Waldherr 2006.
- ^ a b c Wilkes & Drinkwater 2015.
- ^ a b Kruta 2000, p. 862.
- ^ Talbert 2000, Map 12: Mogontiacum-Reginum-Lauriacum.
- ^ a b Kiernan 2012.
Primary sources
- ISBN 978-0674993648.
- ISBN 978-0674990562.
- ISBN 978-0674991231.
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-3-7329-0143-2.
- ISBN 9782877723695.
- Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
- Kiernan, Philip (2012). "Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg)". In Bagnall, Roger S (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4443-3838-6.
- ISBN 2-221-05690-6.
- Schumacher, Stefan; Dietz, Karlheinz; Zanier, Werner (2007). "Vindeliker". In Beck, Heinrich (ed.). Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Vol. 35 (2 ed.). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3110187847.
- ISBN 978-0691031699.
- Waldherr, Gerhard H. (2006). "Vindelici". Brill's New Pauly. .
- Wilkes, John; Drinkwater, John Frederick (2015). "Vindelici". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.