Vindelici

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Coinage of the Vindelici, 5th-1st century BC.

The Vindelici (

Roman period
.

Name

They are mentioned as Vindĕlĭcī by Horace (1st c. BC),[1] as Ouindolikoì (Οὐινδολικοὶ; var. Οὐι(ν)δολίγοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD),[2] as Vindelici and Vindelicorum (var. uendili-, uidelicino-, uideliquo-) by Pliny (1st c. AD),[3] as Vindelicorumque by Tacitus (early 2nd c. AD),[4] and as Vindelicorum and Vindolici on inscriptions.[5][6]

The ethnonym Vindelicī a latinized form of Gaulish *Uindelicoi (sing. *Uindelicos). It derives from the stem *uindo- ('clear, white, bright'), probably after the name of an unattested river *Uindelis or *Uindelos.[7][8] A hydronym Vindelicus is mentioned by Florus as an alternative name of the Soulgas (Sorgue), in southeastern France.[6] Alternatively, Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel has proposed to translate the name as 'those from the white rocks', by deriving the second element from Gaulish lica ('flat stone').[9]

Geography

Vindelicia.[12][11] Their territory was located west of the Catenates, south of the Raetovarii, north of the Licates.[13]

Their chief town during the Roman period was known as Augusta Vindelicum or Aelia Augusta (modern

Political organization

In the narrow sense, the Vindelician people comprised four sub-tribes, listed on the Tropaeum Alpium: the Cosuanetes, Rucinates, Licates and Catenates.[8]

In a broader sense, they included, as counted by Strabo, the Licates, Clautenatii, Vennones, Estiones, and Brigantii,[10] although this classification has been criticized as doubtful by some scholars.[8] Rather than sub-tribes, they may have rather been pagi or clients of the Vindelici.[12]

Despite the proximity of Augusta Vindelicum, the Vindelici were only partially Romanized.[11]

History

They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium.[3]

Early on, the Vindelici served as auxiliary soldiers in the Roman army, in the cohortes Raetorum et Vindelicorum.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Horace. Carm., 4:4:17–18, 14:7–9.
  2. ^ Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:3:3.
  3. ^ a b Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 3:20.
  4. ^ Tacitus. Annal., 2:17.
  5. ^ CIL 3:1343, 3:3562, 5:4910, 9:30:44, 13:6495, 13:5905, 13:6821, 13:7573, etc.
  6. ^ a b Falileyev 2010, s.v. Vindelici.
  7. ^ Delamarre 2003, p. 320.
  8. ^ a b c d Schumacher, Dietz & Zanier 2007.
  9. ^ de Bernardo Stempel 2015, p. 89.
  10. ^ a b Waldherr 2006.
  11. ^ a b c Wilkes & Drinkwater 2015.
  12. ^ a b Kruta 2000, p. 862.
  13. ^ Talbert 2000, Map 12: Mogontiacum-Reginum-Lauriacum.
  14. ^ a b Kiernan 2012.

Primary sources

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Bibliography