Viral shedding
Influenza virus life cycle |
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Viral shedding is the expulsion and release of virus progeny following successful reproduction during a host cell infection. Once replication has been completed and the host cell is exhausted of all resources in making viral progeny, the viruses may begin to leave the cell by several methods.[1]
The term is variously used to refer to viral particles shedding from a single cell, from one part of the body into another,[2] and from a body into the environment, where the virus may infect another.[3]
Vaccine shedding is a form of viral shedding which can occur in instances of infection caused by some attenuated (or "live virus") vaccines.
Means
Shedding from a cell into extracellular space
Budding (through cell envelope)
Apoptosis (cell destruction)
Animal cells are programmed to self-destruct when they are under viral attack or damaged in some other way. By forcing the cell to undergo
Although this process is primarily used by non-enveloped viruses, enveloped viruses may also use this. HIV is an example of an enveloped virus that exploits this process for the infection of macrophages.[7]
Exocytosis (cell release)
Viruses that have envelopes that come from nuclear or endosomal membranes can leave the cell via
Shedding from one part of the body to another
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Shedding from a body into the environment
This section needs expansion with: cited content on viral shedding from a body into the environment. You can help by adding to it. (October 2021) |
Contagiousness
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A human with a viral disease can be
See also
- Vaccine shedding - a form of viral shedding following administration of an attenuated (or "live virus") vaccine
References
- ^ N.J. Dimmock et al. "Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th edition." Blackwell Publishing, 20hif ilikr 07.
- ^ Massachusetts Department of Public Health – Rabies Control Plan – Chapter 1: General Information – "Definitions as Used in this Document [...] Shedding – The release of rabies virus from the salivary glands into the saliva."[dead link]
- PMID 512419.
- S2CID 90650541. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- PMID 12495845.
- PMID 27624130.
- PMID 10708425.
- S2CID 90650541. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- PMID 9094682.
- ^ Daniel J., DeNoon. "Genital Herpes' Silent Spread". WebMD. Retrieved 29 January 2019.