Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Macau Special Administrative Region passport

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on

Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of Macau
.

As of 2024, Chinese citizens of Macau had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 144 countries and territories, ranking the

Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau holding ordinary passports
  Macau
  Mainland Travel Permit travel
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Greater China including Taiwan

Jurisdiction Visa requirement Notes
China (Mainland
) 		With
Home Return Permit
(Freedom of movement)[2]
 Holders of Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents are able to freely enter Mainland China for all purposes within the validity of their travel document. Most permits for adults are valid for 10 years; minors under 18 years old are issued permits valid for five years. Not required if holding an MSAR Passport for transit through Beijing, Shanghai, or Guangzhou within 24 hours without leaving the sterile area of the airports.
 Hong Kong Visa not required[3] Visa free for a period of 180 days for holders of
MSAR passports
.
 Taiwan Entry permit on arrival or Online entry permit[4] Entry Permit on arrival for
Taoyuan Airport
without leaving the sterile area within 24 hours.

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[6]
 Albania Visa not required[7] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[8]
 Andorra Visa not required[9]
 Angola Visa required[10]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[11] 30 days
 Argentina Visa not required[12] 30 days
 Armenia Visa not required[13] 180 days
  • 180 days in a year.
 Australia Visa required[14][15]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
 Austria Visa not required[16] 90 days
 Azerbaijan eVisa[17][18] 30 days
 Bahamas eVisa[19] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[20] 2 weeks
 Bangladesh Visa required[21]
 Barbados Visa not required[22] 30 days
 Belarus Visa not required[23] 30 days
  • For a maximum total stay of 90 days within any 1 calendar year.
 Belgium Visa not required[24] 90 days
 Belize Visa required[25]
 Benin eVisa[26][27] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan eVisa[28][29]
 Bolivia Online Visa / Visa on arrival[30] 30 days[31]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[32] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
 Botswana eVisa[33][34] 3 months
 Brazil Visa not required[35] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[36] 14 days
 Bulgaria Visa not required[37] 90 days
 Burkina Faso eVisa[38][39]
 Burundi Visa on arrival[40] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[41][42] 30 days
 Cameroon eVisa[43][44]
 Canada Visa required[45]
  • Visa is not required for permanent residents of the United States. An
    eTA
    is required by permanent residents of USA if travelling by air.
 Cape Verde Visa not required[46] 90 days
 Central African Republic Visa required[47]
 Chad Visa required[48]
 Chile Visa not required[49] 30 days
 Mainland China
Home Return Permit
travel
(Freedom of movement) 		Until permit expiry
  • Holders of Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents are able to freely enter Mainland China for all purposes within the validity of their travel document. Most permits for adults are valid for 10 years; minors under 18 years old are issued permits valid for five years.
  • Entry to
    Home Return Permit
    , allowing the holder to enter and stay in Mainland China until its expiry. Issuance of the Home Return Permit is not automatic for all MSAR passport holders and is at the sole discretion of the Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security.
  • Those residing in the Mainland for more than six months may apply for the Residence Permit for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Residents.
  • Home Return Permit not required for MSAR Passport holders when transiting through Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou Airports within 24 hours without leaving the sterile area.
 Colombia Online Visa[50][51]
 Comoros Visa on arrival[52] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[53]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[54][55] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa required[56]
  • May have a valid US visa to enter Costa Rica without visa up to 30 days.
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[57][58] 3 months
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via
    Port Bouet Airport
    .
 Croatia Visa not required[59] 90 days
 Cuba Tourist card required[60] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
 Cyprus Visa not required[61] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Czech Republic Visa not required[62] 90 days
 Denmark Visa not required[63] 90 days
 Djibouti eVisa[64][65] 90 days
 Dominica Visa not required[66] 180 days
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[67] 90 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[68] 90 days
 Egypt Visa not required[69] 3 months
 El Salvador Visa required[70]
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[71][72]
 Eritrea Visa required[73]
 Estonia Visa not required[74] 90 days
 Eswatini Visa required[75]
 Ethiopia eVisa[76] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[79] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[80] 90 days
 France Visa not required[81] 90 days
 Gabon eVisa[82][83] 90 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via
    Libreville International Airport
    .
 Gambia Visa required[84]
 Georgia eVisa[85][86] 30 days
 Germany Visa not required[87] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[88]
 Greece Visa not required[89] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[90] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa required[91]
 Guinea eVisa[92][93] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[94] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[95]
 Haiti Visa not required[96] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[97]
  • No visa required if holding valid visa of US, Canada, or Schengen member state.
 Hungary Visa not required[98] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[99] 90 days
 India Visa required[100]
 Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[101] 30 days[102]
 Iran Visa not required[103] 21 days[104]
 Iraq Visa required[105]
 Ireland Visa not required[106] 3 months
 Israel Visa not required[107] 90 days
  • Entry refused by certain Muslim countries due to
    Arab league boycott of Israel
    if evidence of travel to Israel.
 Italy Visa not required[108] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa required[109]
 Japan Visa not required[110] 90 days
 Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[111][112]
 Kazakhstan eVisa[113][114]
 Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[115][116] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination
    certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
 Kiribati Visa not required[117] 30 days
 North Korea Visa required[118]
 South Korea Electronical Travel Authorization[119][120] 90 days
  • The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[121]
 Kuwait Visa required[122]
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[123] 30 days
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[125] 30 days
 Latvia Visa not required[129] 90 days
 Lebanon Free visa on arrival[130] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months.
  • Granted free of charge at
    Beirut International Airport
    or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho eVisa[131][132]
 Liberia Visa required[133]
 Libya eVisa[134][135]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[136] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[137] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[138] 90 days
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[139] 60 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[140][141] 90 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[142] 30 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[143] 30 days
 Mali Visa not required[144] 90 days
 Malta Visa not required[145] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa required[146]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[147]
 Mauritius Visa not required[148] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[149] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[150] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[151] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Monaco Visa not required[152]
 Mongolia Visa not required[153] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[154] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[155] 90 days
 Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[156][157] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa[158][159] 28 days
 Namibia Visa not required[160] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[161]
   Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[162] 90 days[163]
 Netherlands Visa not required[164] 90 days
 New Zealand
Electronic Travel Authority[165]
 3 months
 Nicaragua Visa not required[168] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[169]
 Nigeria eVisa[170][171] 90 days
 North Macedonia Visa not required[172] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[173] 90 days
 Oman Visa required[174]
 Pakistan Visa required[175]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[176] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[177]
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[178][179] 60 days
  • Must arrive through Port Moresby (POM) or Rabaul (RAB) airports.
 Paraguay Visa required[180]
 Peru Visa required[181]
 Philippines Visa not required[182] 14 days
 Poland Visa not required[183] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[184] 90 days
 Qatar eVisa / Visa on arrival[185][186] 30 days
 Romania Visa not required[187] 90 days
 Russia Visa not required[188] 30 days
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[189][190] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[191]
 Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[192] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[193] 30 days
 Samoa Visa not required[194] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[195]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[196] 15 days[197]
  • No visa required if holding a valid US visa.
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[198][199] 90 days
 Senegal Visa required[200]
 Serbia Visa not required[201] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Seychelles Electronic Border System[202][203] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
 Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[204][205] 3 months / 30 days
 Singapore Visa not required[206] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[207] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[208] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Visa required[209]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[210] 30 days
  • Available at
    Mogadishu Airport
    .
 South Africa Visa not required[211] 30 days
 South Sudan eVisa[212][213]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
 Spain Visa not required[214] 90 days
 Sri Lanka Visa on arrival[215] 30 days
  • According to the ETA site, it is not included in country selection when applying. Therefore, travlers will need to apply for a visa upon arrival.[216]
 Sudan Visa required[217]
 Suriname Visa not required[218][219] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of 25 USD or 25 Euros must be paid online prior to arrival.[220]
  • Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[221]
 Sweden Visa not required[222] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[223] 90 days
 Syria Visa required[224]
 Tajikistan eVisa[225][226] 60 days
 Tanzania Visa not required[227] 90 days
 Thailand Visa not required[228] 30 days
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[229] 30 days
 Togo eVisa[230][231] 15 days
 Tonga Free visa on arrival[232] 31 days
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[233]
 Tunisia Visa required[234]
  • Visa not required for tourist groups organised by a travel agency.
 Turkey Visa not required[235] 30 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[236]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[237] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[238][239] 30 days
 Ukraine Visa required[240][241]
  • e-Visa (30 days) is currently suspended due to the
    2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine
    .
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[242] 30 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[243] 6 months
 United States Visa required[244]
  • Macau citizens who do receive a visa are normally issued with 10-years multiple-entry combination B1 / B2 visas, and each entry can stay for a maximum of 6 months (the period of stay is subject to the border immigration officer).
 Uruguay Visa not required[245] 90 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[246] 10 days
  • Must arrive by air. Otherwise an electronic visa is available.[247]
 Vanuatu Visa not required[248] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa not required[249]
 Venezuela Visa required[250]
 Vietnam eVisa[251][252]
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
 Yemen Visa required[253]
 Zambia eVisa[254][255] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[256] 30 days

Territories

Visa requirements for Chinese citizens of Macau for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognised countries and restricted zones:

Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
 Abkhazia Permit required[257] Below are the requirements for receiving an entry permit to the Republic of Abkhazia: Copy of passport (sent by e-mail or by fax). Please make sure that your passport is valid for at least 6 months after your planned entry to Abkhazia. Filled electronic application. You should complete all sections of the application. If any necessary information is missing, the application will not be considered. An entry permit letter for visiting the Republic of Abkhazia will be sent to the email address from which the application was sent or to the fax number stated in the application.

Upon arrival nationals of Macau must visit the Consular Service within three working days in order to receive the visa of the Republic of Abkhazia.

Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[258][259]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[260]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[261] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[262]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[263]
 Guernsey Visa not required[264]
 Isle of Man Visa not required[265]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[266] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[267]
 Jersey Visa not required[268]
 Kosovo Visa not required[269] 90 days
 Russia Special authorisation required Several
closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorisation.[270]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[271][272]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[273][274]
Africa
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[275]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[276]
 Mayotte Visa not required[277] 90 days
 Réunion Visa not required[277] 90 days
 Ascension Island Admission refused[278][279] From May 2015, the Ascension Island Government does not issue entry visas including eVisas to Chinese citizens of Macau.[280]
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[281]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[282]
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[283][284]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners travelling more than 25 kilometres outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[285]
Asia
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[286][287][288][289][290]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of
Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[291]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required 14 days; Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[292]
Malaysia Malaysia:

Sabah Sabah and Sarawak Sarawak

Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[293]
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[294]
 Palestine Visa not required[295] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[296]
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province
 OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5
Lake Sarez.[297][298][299]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar
 Restricted zone
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside
Sana'a or Aden.[300]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
 Anguilla Visa not required[301] 3 months
 Aruba Visa not required[302] 30 days
 Bermuda Visa required[303]
St. Eustatius and Saba
 Visa not required[304] 30 days
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[305] 30 days
 Cayman Islands Visa required[306]
 Curacao Visa not required[307] 30 days
France French Guiana Visa not required[308] 90 days
France French West Indies Visa not required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[309]
 Greenland Visa not required[262] 90 days
 Montserrat Visa not required[310] 90 days
 Puerto Rico Visa required[311]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[277] 90 days
 Sint Maarten Visa not required[312] 3 months
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required[313]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[314]
Oceania
 American Samoa Visa required[315]
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[316]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[317]
 Cook Islands Visa not required[318] 31 days[319]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[320]
 French Polynesia Visa not required[321] 90 days
 Guam Visa required[322]
 New Caledonia Visa not required[277] 90 days
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa required[323]
 Niue Visa not required[324] 30 days[325]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[326][327][328]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[329][330][331][332][333][334][335]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[277] 90 days
South America
Galápagos
 Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[336]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
 Falkland Islands Visa required[337]
 French Southern and Antarctic Lands Visa not required 90 days(excludes Adélie Land)
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[338][339]
Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[340][341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349][350][351]

Timeline of visa-free access

Visa requirements were lifted for Portuguese Macau (unilaterally or bilaterally) by the Philippines on 22 June 1994.[352]

Visa requirements were lifted for Chinese citizens of Macau by the Czech Republic on 1 October 2001,[353] Russia on 30 September 2012, New Zealand on 30 June 2014[354] and Belarus on 27 November 2016.[355]

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[356] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including

Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[357] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[358]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[359][360]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[361][362] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[363]

Some countries, such as Japan,[364] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[365] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[366] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[367] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[368] Philippines,[369] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[370]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[371] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[372] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[373]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[374] Lebanon,[375] Libya,[376] Syria,[377] and Yemen[378] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[379]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[380][381] Argentina,[382] Brunei, Cambodia,[383] China,[384] Ethiopia,[385] Ghana, Guinea,[386] India, Japan,[387][388] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[389] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[390] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[391] Singapore, South Korea,[392] Taiwan, Thailand,[393] Uganda,[394] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[395][396][397] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[398]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition,

e-passports[399] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[400][401]

See also

References and notes

References
  1. ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
  2. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  3. ^ Visit visa / entry permit requirements for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Immigration Department of Hong Kong, April 2017. Electronic Services for Visa Application, Immigration Department of Hong Kong.
  4. ^ Visa, Bureau of Consular Affairs of Taiwan.
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  356. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  357. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
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  359. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  360. ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
  361. ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  362. ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
  363. ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  364. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
  365. ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
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  379. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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  382. ^ "Argentina strengthens migratory control". Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
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  395. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  396. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  397. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  398. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  399. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  400. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  401. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
  1. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  2. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  3. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  4. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
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