Visa requirements for Venezuelan citizens

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A Venezuelan passport

Visa requirements for Venezuelan citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Venezuela.

As of 2024, Venezuelan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 126 countries and territories, ranking the

Henley Passport Index.[1]

Citizens of Venezuela do not need to use a passport when traveling to Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia as they may use their ID card. Moreover, Venezuelans may also travel to the United States,[2] Canada,[3] Spain[4] and several Latin American countries using expired passports.[5][6]

Since 2017, 21 countries in

St Eustatius, Saba, Mexico, Costa Rica, Belize, Nicaragua and Suriname) have stopped providing visa-free access to Venezuelans following the ongoing refugee crisis
and reinstated visa requirements for those seeking to enter these countries.

Some countries will still allow Venezuelans to enter visa-free if holding a valid visa / residence permit from a particular third country, such as Canada, the Schengen Area, Japan or the United States; and in the case of Mexico offers visa-free if holding a residence from a country of the Pacific Alliance (Chile, Colombia and Peru).

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Venezuelan citizens holding ordinary passports
  Venezuela
  ID card
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

Visa requirements for holders of normal passports traveling for tourist purposes:

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[7]
 Albania Visa not required[8] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[9]
 Andorra Visa not required[10]
 Angola eVisa[11] 30 days
  • 30 days per trip, but no more than 90 days within any 1 calendar year for tourism purposes only.[12]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[13]
  • An
    International Certificate of Vaccination
    is required.
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[14] 180 days
 Argentina Visa not required[15] 90 days
 Armenia eVisa[16] 120 days
 Australia and territories Online Visa required[17][18] 90 days
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
 Austria Visa not required[19] 90 days
 Azerbaijan Visa required[20][21]
  • Visa not required for a max. stay of 30 days for holders of a valid residence permit issued by a GCC Member State.
 Bahamas Visa not required[22] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[23] 14 days
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[24] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[25]
 Barbados Visa not required[26] 28 days
 Belarus Visa not required[27] 90 days
 Belgium Visa not required[28] 90 days
 Belize Visa required[29][30]
 Benin eVisa[31][32] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan eVisa[33][34]
 Bolivia Visa not required[35] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[36] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period.
 Botswana Visa not required[37] 90 days
  • 90 days within any year period.
 Brazil Visa not required[38] 90 days
 Brunei Visa required[39]
 Bulgaria Visa not required[40] 90 days
 Burkina Faso eVisa / Visa on arrival[41][42] 1 month
 Burundi Visa on arrival[43] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[44][45] 30 days
 Cameroon eVisa[46][47]
 Canada Visa required[48]
  • Provisional passports issued by Venezuela are not accepted.[49]
  • Green Card and a valid passport at check-in. All U.S. Green Card holders are visa-exempt to enter Canada.[50][51]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[52]
  • Not available at all entry points.[53]
 Central African Republic Visa required[54]
 Chad Visa required[55]
 Chile Visa required[56]
  • Visa requirement effective on 22 June 2019.
 China Visa required[57]
 Colombia Visa not required[58] 180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period.
 Comoros Visa on arrival[59] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[60]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[61][62] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa required[63][64]
  • Visa requirement effective starting from 21 February 2022.
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[65][66] 3 months
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via
    Port Bouet Airport
    .
 Croatia Visa not required[67] 90 days
 Cuba Tourist card required[68] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
 Cyprus Visa not required[69] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Czech Republic Visa not required[70] 90 days
 Denmark Visa not required[71] 90 days
 Djibouti eVisa[72][73] 90 days
 Dominica Visa not required[74] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa required[75][76]
  • Visa requirement effective on 16 December 2019.
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, USA or a Schengen Member State.
 Ecuador Visa required[77]
  • Visa requirement effective on 25 August 2019.
 Egypt Visa on arrival[78] 30 days
 El Salvador Visa required[79]
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, USA or a Schengen Member State
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[80][81]
 Eritrea Visa required[82]
 Estonia Visa not required[83] 90 days
 Eswatini Visa required[84]
 Ethiopia eVisa[85][86] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[87] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[88] 90 days
 France Visa not required[89] 90 days
 Gabon eVisa[90][91] 90 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via
    Libreville International Airport
    .
 Gambia Visa required[92] 90 days
 Georgia Visa required[93]
  • Visa not required for up to 90 days if traveler holds a valid Canada, Schengen, UK or US visa or a Canada, Schengen, EU or US residence permit.[94]
 Germany Visa not required[95] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[96]
 Greece Visa not required[97] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[98] 90 days
  • Extensions possible.
 Guatemala Visa required[99]
  • Visa requirement effective on 19 March 2018.
 Guinea eVisa[100][101] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[102] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[103]
  • Tourists can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 30 days.[104]
 Haiti Visa not required[105] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[106][107]
  • Visa requirement effective on 20 November 2017.
 Hungary Visa not required[108] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[109] 90 days
 India eVisa[110] 30 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][111]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[112]
 Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[113] 30 days[114]
 Iran Visa not required[115] 30 days
 Iraq Visa required[116]
 Ireland Visa required[117]
  • May transit without a visa.[118]
 Israel Visa required[119]
 Italy Visa not required[120] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa not required[121] 30 days
 Japan Visa required[122]
 Jordan eVisa / Visa on arrival[123][124]
  • Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings. (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge)
 Kazakhstan eVisa[125][126]
 Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[127][128] 90 days
  • Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance.
  • eTA fee is USD 32.50.
  • Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable).
  • Yellow fever vaccination
    certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
 Kiribati Visa not required[129] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 12-month period.
 North Korea Visa required[130]
 South Korea Electronic Travel Authorization[131] 90 days
  • The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[132]
 Kuwait Visa required[133]
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa / Visa on arrival[134][135] 1 month
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[136] 30 days
 Latvia Visa not required[140] 90 days
 Lebanon Free visa on arrival[141] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at
    Beirut International Airport
    or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho eVisa[142][143]
 Liberia Visa required[144]
 Libya eVisa[145][146]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[147] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[148] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[149] 90 days
 Madagascar Visa on arrival[150] 60 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[151][152] 30 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[153] 30 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[154] 30 days[155]
 Mali Visa required[156]
 Malta Visa not required[157] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa required[158]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[159]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[160] 60 days
 Mexico Visa required[161]
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid visa or permanent residence issued by the United States, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Japan, Peru, United Kingdom, or Schengen area. Visa requirement effective on January 21, 2022.
 Micronesia Visa not required[162] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[163] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Monaco Visa not required[164]
 Mongolia eVisa[165][166] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[167] 90 days
 Morocco Visa required[168]
 Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[169][170] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa[171][172] 28 days
 Namibia Visa on arrival[173][174] 3 months
 Nauru Visa required[175]
   Nepal Online Visa / Visa on arrival[176] 90 days[177]
 Netherlands Visa not required[178] 90 days
 New Zealand Visa required[179]
 Nicaragua Visa required[182][183]
 Niger Visa required[184]
 Nigeria eVisa[185][186] 90 days
 North Macedonia Visa not required[187] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[188] 90 days
 Oman Visa not required / eVisa[189][190] 14 days / 30 days
 Pakistan Online Visa[191][192] 3 months
  • Online Visa eligible.[193]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[194] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[195]
  • Visa requirement effective on 1 October 2017.
  • No Visa Required for 30 days if Exception applies as follows:

Holding a Visa or Permanent Resident Permit duly issued by the United States of America, Commonwealth of Australia, Canada, Republic of Korea (South Korea), State of Japan, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Republic of Singapore, or a Schengen Visa from any member state of the European Union, (i) granted for multiple entries and exits; (ii) that has been used at least once to enter the territory of the granting State; and (iii) with a validity of at least one (1) year, may enter the national territory without the requirement of a Stamped Visa (Executive Decree No. 521 6 August 2018, replacing Executive Decree No. 591 28 December 2016 and Executive Decree No. 114 4 April 2018).[196] Transit visa is not required if connection time is under 12 hours.

 Papua New Guinea eVisa[197][198] 60 days
  • Visitors may apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category.
 Paraguay Visa not required[199] 90 days
 Peru Visa required[200]
  • Visa requirement effective on 15 June 2019.
 Philippines Visa not required[201] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[202] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[203] 90 days
 Qatar Visa not required[204] 30 days
 Romania Visa not required[205] 90 days
 Russia Visa not required[206] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period.
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[207][208] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[209] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa required[210][211]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[212] 1 month 3 months
 Samoa Visa not required[213] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[214]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[215][216]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[217]
 Senegal Visa required[218]
 Serbia Visa required[219]
  • May enter with a valid Schengen, UK or US visa or with a Schengen, EU or US residence permit for up to 90 days.
 Seychelles Electronic Border System[220][221] 3 months
  • Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel.
  • Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles.
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
  • Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card.
  • Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
 Sierra Leone eVisa[222][223] 3 months
 Singapore Visa not required[224] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[225] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[226] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Visa required[227]
  • Pre-arranged visa can be picked up on arrival.
 Somalia Visa on arrival[228] 30 days
  • Available at
    Mogadishu Airport
    .
 South Africa Visa not required[229] 90 days
  • Passports with so called extension Prórroga are considered as expired passports. Holders of such passports will not be allowed to entry the country. Such passport holders are subject to deportation and fine by local immigration authority.
 South Sudan eVisa[230][231]
  • Obtainable online.
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
 Spain Visa not required[232] 90 days
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[233][234] 60 days / 30 days
  • The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[235]
  • Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa):
    • SAARC
      - USD 35
    • Non
      SAARC
      - USD 75
  • e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee.
  • If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
 Sudan Visa required[236]
 Suriname eVisa[237][238] 90 days
 Sweden Visa not required[239] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[240] 90 days
 Syria Visa required[241]
 Tajikistan eVisa / Visa on arrival[242][243] 45 days
  • e-Visa holders can enter through all border points.
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[244][245] 90 days
 Thailand Visa required[246] Health Certificate for Yellow Fever Vaccination required if travelling from Venezuela or country which require International Health Certificate for Yellow Fever Vaccination.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[247] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.[248]
 Togo eVisa[249][250] 15 days
 Tonga Visa required[251]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[252][253]
  • Visa requirement effective on 17 June 2019.
 Tunisia Visa required[254]
 Turkey Visa not required[255] 3 months
 Turkmenistan Visa required[256]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[257] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[258][259] 3 months
  • Determined at the port of entry.
 Ukraine Visa required[260]
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[261]
  • A 96-hour transit visa can be obtained on arrival at Dubai (DXB), provided transit time is at least 8 hours; and holding onward ticket to a third country; and holding a passport valid for at least 6 months from date of arrival. Visa fee of 170 AED. Visas are only issued as a part of a transit package together with hotel accommodation and airport transfer.
  • May apply using 'Smart service'.[262]
 United Kingdom Visa required[263]
 United States Visa required[264]
 Uruguay Visa not required[265] 3 months
 Uzbekistan eVisa[266][267] 30 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[268]
 Vanuatu Visa required[269]
 Vatican City Visa not required[270]
 Vietnam eVisa[271][272]
  • e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
 Yemen Visa required[273]
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[274][275] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa on arrival[276] 30 days

Dependent, Disputed, or Restricted territories

Visa requirements for Venezuelan citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries not mentioned in the list above, and restricted zones:

Territory Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa not required[277] 90 days
 American Samoa Visa required[278]
 Anguilla Visa required[279]
 Aruba Visa required[280] 90 days. If you hold a residence permit or multiple-entry visa for the Schengen Area, Overseas France, United Kingdom, Ireland, United States or Canada, you do not need a visa.
 Bermuda Visa required[281] Visa not required for holders of Canadian, US or UK multiple-entry visa valid for at least 45 days beyond the period of intended stay in Bermuda for a maximum stay of 3 months
 British Indian Ocean Territory Permission required
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required[282] 30 days
 Caribbean Netherlands Visa required 90 days. If you hold a residence permit or multiple-entry visa for the Schengen Area, Overseas France, United Kingdom, Ireland, United States or Canada, you do not need a visa.
 Cayman Islands Visa not required[283] 60 days
 Cook Islands Visa not required[284] 31 days
 Crimea Visa not required[206] 90 days
 Curacao Visa required[285] 90 days. If you hold a residence permit or multiple-entry visa for the Schengen Area, Overseas France, United Kingdom, Ireland, United States or Canada, you do not need a visa.
 Falkland Islands Visa required[286]
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[287] 90 days.
 French Guiana Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 French Polynesia Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Gibraltar Visa required[289] EU Residence permit holders issued due to family unification with EU citizen travelling with their spouses to Gibraltar for tourism purpose are visa exempt. EU Residence permit and document proving that it has been issued as reason of family unification with EU citizen including the name of EU citizen has to be presented at border crossing. Visa is still required if Residence permit holder is travelling without spouse and/or Residence permit has been issued for different reason than for Family Unification with EU citizen.
 Greenland Visa not required[290] 90 days
 Guadeloupe Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Guam Visa required[291]
 Guernsey Visa required[292]
China Hainan Visa required
 Hong Kong Visa not required[293] 3 months
 Iraqi Kurdistan Visa required
 Isle of Man Visa required[294]
 Jersey Visa required[295]
 Kosovo Visa not required[296] 90 days
 Macau Visa on arrival[297] 30 days
 Martinique Visa not required[298] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Mayotte Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Montserrat eVisa[299] e-Visa can be obtained online.
 New Caledonia Visa not required[300][301] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Niue Visa on arrival[302] 30 days
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa is required[303]
 Palestine Visa required[304]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required[305] 14 days
 Puerto Rico Visa required[306]
 Réunion Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Saint Barthélemy Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Saint Helena eVisa[307][308]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Saint-Martin Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.
 Sint Maarten Visa required[309] 90 days. If you hold a residence permit or multiple-entry visa for the Schengen Area, Overseas France, United Kingdom, Ireland, United States or Canada, you do not need a visa. If you hold a residence permit or proof of return for Saint Martin (the French part of the island), you do not need a visa to enter St Maarten (the Dutch part of the island). If you are travelling overland to Saint Martin (the French part of the island) from St Maarten, you do not need a visa for the time you spend in the Dutch part. You must, however, provide proof of a confirmed hotel reservation. You must also hold a valid visa issued by the French authorities (if you are required to have one). If you hold a visa for Saint Martin only, you do not need a visa to enter St Maarten; however, you do need a visa for the other Caribbean parts of the Kingdom.
 Taiwan Visa required[310]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required[311] 90 days
 US Virgin Islands Visa required[312]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required[288] 90 days. Visa granted for overseas territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, la Réunion, Guyane, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy, Saint-Martin, Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Wallis et Futuna, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises) does not entitle his holder to visit the Schengen area nor MONACO. A separate Schengen visa is necessary.

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[313] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including

Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[314] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[315]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[316][317]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[318][319] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[320]

Some countries, such as Japan,[321] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[322] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[323] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[324] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[325] Philippines,[326] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[327]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[328] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[329] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[330]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[331] Lebanon,[332] Libya,[333] Syria,[334] and Yemen[335] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[336]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[337][338] Argentina,[339] Brunei, Cambodia,[340] China,[341] Ethiopia,[342] Ghana, Guinea,[343] India, Japan,[344][345] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[346] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[347] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[348] Singapore, South Korea,[349] Taiwan, Thailand,[350] Uganda,[351] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[352][353][354] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[355]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition,

e-passports[356] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[357][358]

See also

References

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  353. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
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  358. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.

Notes

  1. ^
  2. ^
  3. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  4. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  5. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  6. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)

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