Vishnuvardhana

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For the 2011 film, see Vishnuvardhana (film).

Vishnuvardhana
Hoysala
ReligionVaishnavite Hinduism (converted from Jainism) [1][2][3][4]
Hoysala Kings
Nripa Kama II1026–1047
Vinayaditya1047–1098
Ereyanga1098–1102
Veera Ballala I1102–1108
Vishnuvardhana1108–1152
Narasimha I1152–1173)
Veera Ballala II1173–1220
Vira Narasimha II1220–1235
Vira Someshwara1235–1263
Narasimha III1263–1292
Veera Ballala III1292–1343
Harihara Raya1342–1355
Chennakeshava Temple commissioned by Vishnuvardhana, Vesara architecture at Belur
The Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu was financed by Ketamalla and Kesarasetti, rich merchants who dedicated it to King Vishnuvardhana and his queen Shantaladevi
Kappe Chennigaraya temple built by queen Shantala Devi
Relief of King Vishnuvardhana and queen Shantala Devi, in the Chennakeshava temple at Belur.

Vishnuvardhana (r. 1108–1152 CE) was a king of the

Western Chalukya King Vikramaditya VI, and the Chola Empire to the south. He recovered parts of Gangavadi province (modern southern Karnataka) from the hegemony of the Cholas in the battle of Talakad,[6] and parts of Nolambavdi.[7] According to historian Coelho, the Hoysalas gained the dignity of a kingdom due to the efforts of Vishnuvardhana, whose rule was packed with "glorious" military campaigns.[8][9] According to historians Sen, Chopra et al., and Sastri, Vishnuvardhana was a "great soldier" and an "ambitious monarch".[10][11][12]

Tirthankar titled Mallinathapurana.[13][14][15][16]

Conquests

Wars in the South

Vishnuvardhana was the governor over parts of Gangavadi during the rule of his elder brother

Talakad") and Nolambavadi gonda ("Lord of the Nolambas").[21]

Wars against the Kalyani Chalukyas

After his successes in the south, Vishnuvardhana swiftly turned north with the intention of breaking free from his overlord, the great

Tulapurusha ceremony, a symbol of sovereignty, despite his nominal subordination to the Chalukyas.[24] Historians are divided over the year when Vishnuvardhana died. Sastri, S.K. Aiyangar and Desai are of the opinion he died in c.1152. But Kamath claims there is evidence the Vishnuvardhana died a little earlier because the Yalladahalli record of c.1145 proclaims his son Narasimha I the Hoysala monarch.[19]

Architectural legacy

Vishnuvardhana was a great builder. To celebrate his success against the Cholas, he built the Keerthi Narayana temple at Talakad, and the spectacular Vijayanarayana temple at Belur (also called the Chennakesava Temple, dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu).[17] Around the same time, the Hoysaleswara Temple, more ornate than the one at Belur and dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva was consecrated.[25][26] These two temples of Belur and Halebidu, and the Keshava temple at Somanathapura (built by Hoysala king Narsimha III) were accorded UNESCO World Heritage Site status.[27] With in the Chennakesava temple complex is the smaller yet ornate Kappe Chennigaraya temple built by Vishnuvardhana's noted queen Shantaladevi.[28]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Govindāchārya 1906, p. 180.
  2. ^ a b Stein 1989, p. 16.
  3. ^ a b Menon 2013, p. 127.
  4. ^ a b Smith 1920, p. 203.
  5. ^ Nandakumar, Prathibha (26 March 2018). "'Religion must be burnt every 1,000 yrs'". Bangalore Mirror. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  6. ^ Sen 1999, pp. 386–387, 485.
  7. ^ Sen 2013, pp. 58–60.
  8. ^ Kamath 1980, p. 124.
  9. ^ Coelho in Kamath (1980), p.124
  10. ^ a b c Sastri (1955), p.174
  11. ^ a b Chopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian (2003), p.153
  12. ^ a b Sen (1996), p.386
  13. ^ T. K. Venkataraman (1968), p.163, Indian culture, University of Madras, Amudha Nilayam, OCLC 599885676
  14. ^ Karnataka through the ages: from prehistoric times to the day of the independence of India, Literary and Cultural Development Dept, Government of Mysore, 1968, p.466
  15. ^ Kamath (1980), p.133
  16. ISBN 81-260-2171-3
  17. ^ a b Kamath (1980), p.124
  18. ^ Sen (1999), p.485
  19. ^ a b c d Kamath (1980), p.125
  20. ^ Chopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian (2003), p.152-153
  21. ^ Kamath (1980), pp.124-125
  22. ^ Chopra, Ravindran and Subrahmanian (2003), pp.153-154
  23. ^ Sen (1999), p.387
  24. ^ Majumdar R.C (1977), p.410
  25. ^ Professor S. Settar. "Hoysala Heritage". Frontline, Volume 20 - Issue 08, April 12–25, 2003. Frontline, From the publishers of the Hindu. Retrieved 22 November 2006.
  26. ^ Foekema (1996) p.14
  27. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Convention. "Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas". UNESCO. © UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  28. ^ Jyotsna Chatterji, (1990), p.91, Religions and the status of women, Uppal Publishing House for William Carey Study and Research Centre, Calcutta

Sources

Preceded by
Hoysala

1108–1152 		Succeeded by


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