Visoko
Visoko
Високо | |
---|---|
Visočica hill, Tabačka mosque, Church of St. Procopius, Franciscan monastery of St. Bonaventure, Old town of Visoki, Fojnička River at the confluence with River Bosna , View from Vrela hill | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 71300 |
Area code | +387 32 |
Website | www |
Visoko (Serbian Cyrillic: Високо, pronounced [ʋǐsɔkɔː]) is a city[1] located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of 39,938 inhabitants with 11,205 living in Visoko town.[2] Located between Zenica and Sarajevo, Visoko lies where the river Fojnica joins the Bosna.
The Visoko region has evidence of long continuous occupation, with the first traces of life dating back to the 5th millennium BC.
It was an
Ottoman rule ended in 1878 when the Bosnian Vilayet was occupied by Austria-Hungary. On 11 November 1911, in the last years of Austro-Hungarian rule, it was almost completely burned down by an accidental fire.[8] Before the Bosnian War, Visoko was the largest exporter of textile and leather in socialist Yugoslavia[9][10] As of 2006, Visoko attracts tens of thousands of tourists every year,[11][12][13] mainly because of Semir Osmanagić's claims.[14]
Geography
The Visoko municipality covers 232 square kilometres with several characteristic, morphologically distinctive valleys formed by the foothills of the
Infrastructure
Visoko is directly connected to a
Demographics
Population of Visoko municipality | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Census | 2013 | 1991 | 1981 | 1971 | ||
Bosniaks | 36,697 (91.88%) | 34,373 (74.46%) | 28,838 (70.50%) | 25,683 (72.34%) | ||
Serbs
|
286 (0.71%) | 7,471 (16.18%) | 6,831 (16.70%) | 7,166 (20.18%) | ||
Croats
|
576 (1.44%) | 1,872 (4.05%) | 1,879 (4.59%) | 1,914 (5.39%) | ||
Yugoslavs | 0.00 (0.00%) | 1,464 (3.17%) | 2,783 (6.80%) | 392 (1.10%) | ||
Others | 2,062 (5.16%) | 980 (2.12%) | 570 (1.39%) | 348 (0.98%) | ||
Total | 39,938 | 46,160 | 40,901 | 35,503 |
History
Prehistoric era
The Visoko region shows evidence of long continuous occupation, with the first traces of life dating back to Paleolithic.
In September 2007 the
Illyria and Roman empire
The Visoko area was inhabited by the
Medieval Bosnia (958–1463)
Migration period saw introduction of new people to the Balkans - Slavs. Native Illyirian tribes through time became slavicized, but a lot of toponyms remained Illyirian in origin, like in example name of the river Bosna, which is namesake of country itself, but also a term for settlement which was used to reference the place called Bosna that existed in today's area of Visoko.[19] It is considered that this area in Visoko basin was nucleus of new medieval Bosnian state which emerged in around 1000 AD.[20] Only later on with construction of Old town of Visoki the term Bosna for the settlement would be rarely used.
Visoko is named after the
The
Other notable medieval settlements in the vicinity included Sebinje town, Čajan town in Gračanica – which protected the roads between Visoko and Bobovac – and the town of Bedem i Goduša.
Ottoman Empire (1463–1878)
The area of Visoko was conquered by
During his rule, up to 1477,
Austro-Hungarian Empire (1878–1918)
The
The first buildings of this period included the train station from 1882, the court building from 1895, a church with a
Kingdom of Yugoslavia, NDH and WWII (1918–45)
After
SFR Yugoslavia (1945–92)
After
During this period, the town developed necessary institutions like a post office, police and fire stations, health care, hotels, supermarkets, sport stadiums, and halls. Culture bloomed with the founding of a theatre, museum, cinema and library. Education was also improved by building three new schools: a primary Safvet-beg Bašagić, two high schools with a gymnasium and mixed high school center, Hazim Šabanović. In 1983 Zlatko Ugljen received Aga Khan Award for Architecture for Šerefudin's White Mosque. The late 1980s and early 1990s were years of hasty urbanization and building of whole settlements like Luke which represents the most densely populated area of Visoko.
In 1953, Visoko's handball club,
Bosnian War (1992–95)
On 6 April 1992, a state of emergency was proclaimed, with
The end of January embarked conflict between the
On 15 June Visoko was center of preparations for breaking the blockage on nearby Sarajevo. The action was however executed but with no significant gains, only some portion of the territory was liberated but Sarajevo stayed besieged. This big manoeuvre helped ARBiH forces outside Sarajevo to capture whole several towns and villages.
Finally, the
Bosnian pyramids claims
Visočica is a hill overlooking the town of Visoko. In October 2005, Bosnian native and author Semir Osmanagić claimed that this hill and several surrounding hills concealed pyramids.[21]
Scientific investigations of the site show there is no pyramid.[22][23][24] Additionally, scientists have criticised the Bosnian authorities for supporting the pyramid claim saying, "This scheme is a cruel hoax on an unsuspecting public and has no place in the world of genuine science."[25]
Bosnian archaeologists have asked that the government cancel the digging permits given to Osmanagić and concentrate on work on the medieval town.[26]
Economy
Visoko, experienced intensive modernization during the socialist era until 1991 with industrial exports accounting for a significant proportion of the town's economic activity. Official Yugoslav data from 1991 state that Visoko achieved over 1 million dollars worth of export. The town's economy was led by 20 sizable enterprises operating in the leather and textile industrial sectors led by KTK and Vitex.
Post-war economy still relies on leather industry as
Tourism
From 2006, tens of thousands[11][12] of tourists have visited Visoko because of Semir Osmanagić discredited Bosnian pyramid claims. The city invested around €250,000 (500,000 KM) for tourism in 2018[32]
Education
There is not much detailed data about
Society and culture
National monuments and architecture
There are 6 National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Visoko:
- Neolithic settlement in Okolište, biggest Butmir culture site.[34]
- Old town of Visoki, fortress above today's Visoko.[35]
- The architectural ensemble of the Orthodox Church of St Procopius of Scythopolis.[36]
- Franciscan monastery of Saint Bonaventure.[37]
- The architectural ensemble of the Tabačka (Tabačica) mosque in Visoko.[38]
Šerefudin's White Mosque is of great architectural importance to the city and area. The mosque's architect was Zlatko Ugljen. Its most notable award came in 1983, when it received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture.[39]
Museums
In Visoko there is a homeland museum which exhibits the cultural and historic heritage of the Visoko area, and Bosnia. Most of the exhibits are related to the
Health
Visoko has a
Music
In nearby Mulići there is Sevdah Institute of Omer Pobrić, whose mission is to preserve Bosniak music, tradition, and sevdalinka.
Sport
Organized sports began to emerge with the opening of confessional and state schools. In 1909, the Soko society was formed and supported many sports activities. The building of the sports center on 16 June 1934 let developing men and women play volleyball, football, and later
Football club NK Bosna Visoko was the winner of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup and the Supercup of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999. In Yugoslavia, the club managed to enter the Second League in 1963. Aero club "Izet Kurtalić", formed in 1960, was the most successful team in the country, winning numerous domestic and international events.
From 28 February to 2 March 2008 Visoko's hall Mladost was host of Group 2 qualifiers for
Club | Leagues | Venue | Established |
---|---|---|---|
RK Bosna Visoko | Premier handball league | Hall "Mladost" | 1953 |
NK Bosna Visoko | Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | Luke Stadium | 1923 (Jadran), 1934 (Radnički); Merged in 1953 |
Notable people
- Adnan Mević, officially the 6 billionth person born, according to the United Nations[40]
- Ajas-pasha, Bosniak Ottoman sanjak-bey
- Matrakçı Nasuh, 16th-century Bosniak Ottoman mathematician and miniaturist
- Mustafa Cerić, ex-Grand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993 to 2012)
- Zaim Muzaferija, actor
- Slaviša Vukićević, football player
- Haris Mujezinović, basketball player
- Elvedina Muzaferija, alpine skier
- Enes Begović, singer-songwriter
- Ognjen Prica (1899–1941), National Hero of Yugoslavia and leftist politician spent his childhood in the town (1900–1912)
Twin towns – sister cities
See also
- Old town Visoki
Sources
- Strategija razvoja općine Visoko
- Ćošković, Pejo (2009), Kotromanići (in Croatian), Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža
- Anđelić, Pavao (1984), Doba stare bosanske države, Visoko i okolina kroz historiju 1, Visoko 1984, 101-309, lat. (in Serbo-Croatian), Skupština Općine Visoko
- Filipović, Milenko S. (2002), Visočka nahija (in Serbian), Mak, ISBN 9789958977701
- Vego, Marko (1982), Postanak srednjovjekovne bosanske države (in Serbo-Croatian), Svjetlost
- Anđelić, Pavao (1973), "Bobovac i Kraljeva Sutjeska, Sarajevo", Informatica Museologica (in Serbo-Croatian), 6 (29): 8–0
- Kujundžić-Vejzagić, Muller; Rassmann, Schuler (2004), Okolište – iskopavanje i geofizička prospekcija centralnobosanskog tel-naselja iz prve polovine petog milenija prije n.e (in Bosnian), Centar za balkanološka ispitivanja, ANUBiH, Sarajevo
- Kreševljaković, Hamdija (1934), Visoko (in Bosnian)
References
- ^ "Federacija BiH dobila sedam novih gradova". Klix.ba (in Bosnian). Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Naseljena Mjesta 1991/2013" (in Bosnian). Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
- ^ "Komisija za očuvanje nacionalnih spomenika". old.kons.gov.ba. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
- ISBN 9780863565038.
- ^ Pavao Anđelić (Doba stare bosanske države, Visoko i okolina kroz historiju 1, Visoko 1984, 105)
- ^ Pavao Anđelić, Srednji vijek – Doba stare bosanske države, "Visoko i okolina kroz historiju I, Visoko 1984, 160–162
- ^ Šabanović, "Dvije najstarije vakufname u Bosni", 35.
- ^ "Danas 117. godišnjica visočke jangije: Požar u kojem je izgorjela cijela čaršija". Avaz.ba (in Bosnian). 11 November 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
- ^ "Strategija razvoja Općine Visoko" (PDF).
- ISBN 9781107016156.
- ^ a b "POZITIVAN PRIMJER | Visoko vrvi od turista, svi dobro znamo zašto, ali vlast to ne zanima". Avaz.ba (in Bosnian). 25 August 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ a b PORTAL, Oslobođenje (5 August 2017). "Turistička ponuda Visokog dostupna na internet platformi". Oslobođenje d.o.o. (in Bosnian). Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ "Bosnian 'pyramids', shunned by archaeologists, still draw tourists". euronews.com. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
- ^ Crosby, Alan; Bilic, Ivana (9 September 2017). "Whether Real Or A Hoax, Bosnian 'Pyramids' Bringing Concrete Benefits To Town". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ISBN 9780521224963.
- ^ ISBN 9781107147409.
- ^ O grobnici Vratnica, Gornji Skladovi, Visoko v. Mesihović, 2007 A, 788-791
- ^ „Dezidijati“: Identitetski konstrukt između antičkih i suvremenih percepcija, Danijel Džino, str. 81
- ^ Vego 1982, p. 77.
- ^ Filipović 2002, p. 203.
- ^ "European press review". BBC News. 26 October 2005. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ^ Pyramid No More, Sub Rosa, Issue 6, Oct 2006.
- ^ The great Bosnian pyramid scheme by Anthony Harding - British Archaeology, Issue 92, January/February 2007
- ^ John Bohannon, Mad About Pyramids, Science Magazine, 22 September 2006.
- ^ Declaration from the European Association of Archaeologists Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 11 December 2006
- ^ "Archaeologists find medieval artefacts on Mt. Visocica, disparage pyramid seeker". Archived from the original on 22 October 2008.
- ^ "Strategija razvoja Općine Visoko" (PDF).
- ^ "Dried beef from Visoko - new BiH brand?". Independent Balkan News Agency. 29 December 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ISSN 1332-0025.
- ISSN 1332-0025.
- ^ "Službeni List- Pregled Dokumenta". www.sluzbenilist.ba. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ "OPĆINA VISOKO U 2018. GODINI ULAŽE 500.000 km U RAZVOJ TURIZMA". visoko.gov.ba. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ "Commission to preserve national monuments". old.kons.gov.ba. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Komisija za očuvanje nacionalnih spomenika". old.kons.gov.ba. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Commission to preserve national monuments". old.kons.gov.ba. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Commission to preserve national monuments". old.kons.gov.ba. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Komisija za očuvanje nacionalnih spomenika". old.kons.gov.ba. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Commission to preserve national monuments". old.kons.gov.ba. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ "Sherefudin's White Mosque | Aga Khan Development Network". www.akdn.org. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
- ^ "Child six billion hopes for peace as population races on to next milestone". The Guardian. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
- ^ "Sestrinski gradovi". visoko.gov.ba (in Bosnian). Visoko. Retrieved 29 December 2020.