Vivekamārtaṇḍa

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Goraknath

The Vivekamārtaṇḍa

mudras as the most important practice.[2] The name means "Sun of Discernment".[3]
It teaches
bandhas.[4] It teaches six chakras and the raising of Kundalinī by means of "fire yoga" (vahniyogena).[5]

Sixfold system

Joga Pradipika
, 1830

Unlike

Niyamas.[6]

The text claims that there are 84 yoga postures, but describes only two.[2]

Breath control, as in tantric texts but not otherwise in hatha yoga texts, is said to cause udghata, "eruption", making vital energy move upwards in a surge.[7]

As in Patanjali's

Viparītakaraṇī; the mudra is however described both in the Vivekamārtaṇḍa and in other texts as a means of trapping vital fluid, bindu.[3][9]

The Vivekamārtaṇḍa states that yogic concentration is simply a matter of repeating the breath control practice a certain number of times.[10]

Similarly, it explains that meditation is extended concentration, and that samadhi is greatly extended meditation – for 12 hours, all through retaining the breath.

nirguna); the yogi can meditate on any one of the six chakras.[12]

It states that in samadhi, the yogi perceives and feels nothing, and cannot be harmed with weapons. James Mallinson calls this a "death-like state" quite unlike the subtly-graded mental state described in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras.[13]

Mudras

The Vivekamārtaṇḍa implies that the (hatha yoga)

khechari mudra, and the Shiva Samhita.[14]

Mahāmudrā is used to dry up the body's fluids; this is like other ascetic texts, but opposed to tantric Kundalini practice, where the flow of amrita is meant to be increased.[15] However, the text also seeks to ensure immortality by preserving the amrita, using the tongue to press on the upper opening next to the uvula.[16] The contradiction of goals is perpetuated in the compilation of hatha yoga texts, the Hathayogapradipika.[9]

Notes

  1. a different text.[1]

References

  1. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. xxxvii note 47.
  2. ^ a b Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 91.
  3. ^
    SOAS, University of London
    . Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  4. ^ Mallinson 2011, p. 771.
  5. ^ Mallinson 2016, pp. 109–140.
  6. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 37, 284.
  7. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 132–133.
  8. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 284, 296–297.
  9. ^ a b Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 180–181.
  10. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 287.
  11. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 339.
  12. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 319–320.
  13. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 326, 339.
  14. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 231.
  15. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 182–183.
  16. ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 222.

Sources

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