Vivendi

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Vivendi Universal
)
For other uses, see Vivendi (disambiguation).

Vivendi SE
Formerly
  • Compagnie générale des eaux (1853–1997)
  • Vivendi SARL (1997–2001)
  • Vivendi Universal SA (2001–2006)
  • Vivendi SA (2006–2021)
Company typePublic (Societas Europaea)
ISINFR0000127771 Edit this on Wikidata
IndustryMedia
Founded14 December 1853; 170 years ago (1853-12-14)
FounderNapoleon III[1]
Headquarters
Paris
,
France
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
RevenueIncrease €10.5 billion[2] (2023)
Increase €0.93 billion[2] (2023)
Decrease €0.72 billion[2] (2023)
Total assetsIncrease €38.3 billion[2] (2023)
Total equityDecrease €17.1 billion[2] (2023)
OwnerBolloré (27% equity, 30% voting power)
Number of employees
Increase 73,000[2] (2023)
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.vivendi.com

Vivendi SE

video hosting services
.

Vivendi's chairman Yannick Bolloré is also CEO of Havas, which was spun off from Vivendi in 2000 but has since become a subsidiary.[5] Bolloré is the largest shareholder at approximately 30% of the company. The company is known for its stake in Universal Music Group, which it partially spun off in 2021.

History

Origins

Original Vivendi logo

On 14 December 1853, a water company named Compagnie générale des eaux (CGE) was created by an imperial decree of Napoleon III.[1] In 1854, CGE obtained a concession in order to supply water to the public in Lyon, serving in that capacity for over a hundred years. In 1861, it obtained a 50-year concession with the City of Paris.[6] CGE also supplied water to Nantes, Venice (from 1880), Constantinople (from 1882) and Porto (from 1883).[1] For more than a century, Compagnie générale des eaux remained largely focused on the water sector.

Following the appointment of Guy Dejouany as CEO in 1976, CGE extended its activities into other sectors with a series of takeovers.[1] Beginning in 1980, CGE began diversifying its operations from water into waste management, energy, transport services, and construction and property. It acquired the Compagnie générale d'entreprises automobiles (CGEA), specialized in industrial vehicles, which was later divided into two branches: Connex (later Veolia Transport) in 1999 and Onyx Environnement (later Veolia Environmental Services) in 1989.[7] CGE then acquired the Compagnie générale de chauffe, and the Montenay group, with these companies later becoming the Energy Services division of CGE, and later renamed "Dalkia" in 1998.[7]

In 1983, CGE helped to found

better source needed
]

Creation of Vivendi

Vivendi Universal logo from 2001 to 2006

In 1997, Compagnie Générale des Eaux changed its name to Vivendi (derived from the Latin "vivendus"), and sold off its property and construction divisions the following year to what would become

Cendant Software
, Grupo Anaya, and NetHold, a large Continental European pay-TV operator. Beginning in 1998, Vivendi launched digital channels in Italy, Spain, Poland, Scandinavia, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

In June 1999, Vivendi merged with

British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC
and CanalSatellite, a French broadcasting corporation, then sold all remaining assets to Jérôme Seydoux's family-owned holding company, Fornier SA, which changed its name to Pathé.

Vivendi Universal SA was created on 8 January 2001 with the merger of the Vivendi media empire with

Canal+ television networks and the acquisition of media assets of Canadian company Seagram Company Ltd, owner of Universal Studios
.

Vivendi Universal acquired

Houghton Mifflin in the year 2001. To raise the funds, Vivendi Universal sold its trade and medical publishing businesses to a group led by Cinven.[9][10]

Vivendi Environnement

Main article: Veolia

Vivendi Environnement was formed in 1999 by Vivendi to consolidate its environmental divisions, which were CGEA Transport, Onyx Environnement (now Veolia Environmental Services), Dalkia and CGE water division. As a result, CGEA Transport was renamed Connex (later Veolia Transport), and CGE's water division was renamed Vivendi Water (now Veolia Water).[7] In July 2000, Vivendi Environnement was divested through IPOs in Paris and later New York in October 2001. Initially, Vivendi Universal retained a 70% stake in Vivendi Environnement in 2000, but by December 2002, it was reduced to 20.4%.[11] In 2003, Vivendi Environnement was renamed to Veolia Environnement.

Corporate loss

Vivendi Universal disclosed a corporate loss of €23.3 billion in its 2002 annual report. It responded with financial reshuffling, trying to shore up media holdings while selling off shares in its

Blackstone and Bain consortium for US$1.66 billion.[13] Also, in 2002, Vivendi Universal sold the Belgian and Dutch activities of its subsidiary Scoot Europe to Kapitol, the parent company of online directory Infobel.[14]

In 2003, Vivendi Universal sold Canal+ Technologies to

Xfera. Also in 2003, it sold its consumer magazines to Socpresse and its free newspapers to France Antilles.[15] On 1 December, Vivendi Universal closed a deal to sell MP3.com to CNET
. Despite predictions that it would be unable to raise the cash needed, Vivendi Universal bought out one of the two minority shareholders in Cegetel, taking its holding to 60 percent, with Vodafone holding the remaining 40 percent. Management viewed the mobile communications firm as a core asset once the bulk of media assets had been sold off.

Further acquisitions, mergers and divestments

In 2004, 80% of the Vivendi Universal subsidiary was sold to

Vice-President of the United States Al Gore. Vivendi also sold Babelsberg Studio
.

On 16 December 2005, it was announced that Canal Plus would merge with TPS, France's second largest Pay-TV provider. Vivendi owned 85% of the combined entity.[needs update]

On 17 January 2006, Vivendi Universal announced it would end its

Spiralfrog to distribute Vivendi's songs online in the United States and Canada.[citation needed
]

On 2 December 2007, Vivendi announced that it would be merging

$18.8 billion deal.[17][18] This will allow the merged company, Activision Blizzard, to rival Electronic Arts, the world's biggest video games publisher.[18]
The merger closed on 9 July 2008, for $9.8 billion. Vivendi held a 52% majority stake in the new business.

On 8 September 2009, Vivendi announced negotiations to buy the Brazilian phone operator Global Village Telecom (GVT).[19] Vivendi took control of GVT at a cost of 56 reais per share, on 13 November, trumping Telefónica's bid.[20] Geneva-based Crédit des Alpes was the investment bank to the transaction, originating the acquisition proposal and advising GVT's majority shareholders.[21]

On 3 December 2009, GE announced it would purchase Vivendi's stake in NBC Universal, which would become a joint venture between GE and Comcast.[22] Vivendi sold its stake in NBC Universal on 25 January 2011.

On 4 April 2011, Vodafone sold its 44% stake in French mobile service provider SFR to Vivendi for about $11 billion[23] and giving Vivendi full control of its largest unit.[24]

In 2012, Vivendi announced having entered a strategic review of its assets and decided to refocus its activities on media and content activities while maximizing its telecoms assets.[citation needed]

On 25 July 2013, Activision Blizzard announced the buyout of 429 million shares from Vivendi for $5.83 billion, dropping the shareholder from a 63% stake to 11.8% by the end of the deal in September, ending Vivendi's majority ownership of Activision Blizzard.[

Telefônica Vivo, a subsidiary of Telefónica
in Brazil.

The moves have allowed Vivendi to rapidly pay down debt and increase cash returns to shareholders while leaving it with ammunition to do acquisitions of its own. Indeed, once the SFR deal closes, Vivendi will have a cash pile of around €5 billion, leaving it with some room to maneuver even after it pays down debt and returns nearly €5 billion in dividends and share buybacks to shareholders.[27]

Vivendi's priority is now content. The French group is expected to expand its assets in the content industries in the coming year.[28]

In 2014, Vivendi decided to sell mobile companies

Telefônica Vivo.[30] On 28 May, Vivendi sold half of its remaining shares (nearly 41.5 million shares) in Activision Blizzard for $850 million, reducing its stake to 6%.[31]

In April 2015, it was announced that a shareholder in the company

Telecom Italia to around 19% of the ordinary share capital as part of its aims to increase its influence in the group.[36][37] As of May 2017, Vivendi owns 24.6% of the company with Vivendi's CEO Arnaud de Puyfontaine becoming Executive Chairman of Telecom Italia.[38] In October, Vivendi bought minority stakes in the French video game studios Gameloft and Ubisoft.[39] On 17 December 2015, Vivendi acquired a 64.4% majority stake in Belgian online radio aggregator Radionomy (including its media player platform Winamp and internet radio streaming software Shoutcast). Its shareholders, including its employees and U.S.-based investment firm Union Square Ventures, however, retained their stakes in the company.[40]

In June 2016, after having triggered a mandatory

SFX Entertainment for $4 million.[53] Also that month, it acquired Paddington and Company Limited-owner of Paddington Bear and other properties, and The Copyrights Group. Vivendi declared that it owned 12.3% of Mediaset in December 2016.[54] In September 2020, Vivendi owns 28.8% of Mediaset.[55] In January 2019, Vivendi completed its €900 million acquisition of Editis, one of France's major book publishers.[56]

In 2019, Vivendi acquired Nigeria's film studio ROK Studios which included its linear channels and VOD service, IROKO+.[57]

At the end of the first quarter of 2020, Vivendi completed a partial sale of

Prisa.[65][66]

In September 2021, Vivendi distributed 60% of its UMG shares to shareholders and retained 10% of shares in an IPO at

Hachette.[71]

In July 2022, Vivendi announced its plan to spin off Editis, anticipating the European competition regulators not to allow Editis and Lagardere Publishing to merge.[71] In June 2023, Vivendi agreed to sell Editis to Czech billionaire Daniel Křetínský's Czech Media Invest.[72] In July 2023, Vivendi announced that Prisma Media entered into exclusive negotiations with Groupe Figaro for the sale of Gala magazine.[73] The transaction for Editis was finalised in November 2023.[74]

Corporate governance

As of 31 December 2019, Vivendi ownership is as follows:[75]

Supervisory board

As of 16 May 2020, the board is comprised as follows:[76]

Business units

For a more comprehensive list, see List of assets owned by Vivendi.

Vivendi is a company primarily focused on digital entertainment. It owns the French TV channel and movie producer

Havas Group, video games company Gameloft, and video hosting service Dailymotion
.

Vivendi's president Vincent Bolloré, appointed in June 2014, aims at developing synergies between the company's subsidiaries now refocused on media: Canal+ Group, Vivendi Village, Dailymotion and Gameloft.[77]

Groupe Canal+

Groupe Canal+ is the leading pay television group in France. It is also an international movie and television series producer and distributor with StudioCanal.[78] In November 2013, Vivendi became the exclusive owner of France's biggest pay-TV company.[79]

Havas

Havas is one of the largest global advertising and communications groups in the world.[80] Since October 2017, Vivendi owns 94.75% of Havas's Share Capital.[81]

Gameloft

In July 2016, Vivendi completed its takeover of Gameloft,[82] the world's largest mobile-games publisher in terms of downloads. Gameloft reported that their games had amassed over 1 billion downloads in 2016.[83]

Vivendi Village

Vivendi Village comprises a group of small companies active in digital and in live entertainment.[84]

Vivendi Ticketing comprises the ticketing businesses See Tickets in the UK, the US, and in France. Both businesses specialize in the retail and distribution of tickets for live entertainment, sport and cultural events, in addition to providing operating platforms for venues to run their own ticketing services. Vivendi Ticketing processes annually over 40 million tickets. The business also operates as an internal service provider to other Vivendi businesses.

MyBestPro provides experts counseling in different fields (Wengo, RDVmedicaux, Juritravail, Bordas, Devispresto).

Vivendi Village also owns the Paris-based concert venue L'Olympia and the Théâtre de l'Oeuvre.[85]

In 2015, Vivendi announced that it will open venues in central and west Africa. These venues will be named CanalOlympia, they will serve as concert halls, theaters and screening rooms.[86]

Prisma Media

In 2021, Vivendi purchased Prisma Media from Gruner + Jahr for an estimated 100 to 150 million euros.[87]

Prisma Media is number one magazine publishing group in France.[88]

Dailymotion

In 2015, Vivendi purchased an 80% stake in Dailymotion from its previous owner, Orange S.A.[89]

Vivendi announced that it increased this stake to 90% in September 2015.[90]

Equity investments

  • TIM
    (23.75%)
  • FL Entertainment (32.9%)

See also

  • List of French companies

References

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External links

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