Viverridae

Viverridae Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Eocene to Recent[1]
Viverrids, including (top left to bottom right), species of Paguma and Arctictis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Infraorder:	Aeluroidea
Parvorder:	Viverroidea
Family:	Viverridae Gray, 1821
Type genus
Viverra Linnaeus, 1758
Genera
Subfamily Genettinae Genetta Poiana †Semigenetta Subfamily Hemigalinae Hemigalus Chrotogale Cynogale Diplogale Macrogalidia Subfamily Paradoxurinae Paradoxurus Paguma Arctictis Arctogalidia †Kanuites †Kichechia †Siamictis †Tugenictis Subfamily Viverrinae Civettictis Viverra Viverricula
Distribution of living viverrid species

Viverridae is a

Almost all viverrids outside the subfamily Genettinae are commonly called civets, but some civets are not viverrids. Animals of the subfamily Genettinae are known as genets and oyans. The word viverridae comes from the Latin viverra 'ferret', but ferrets are in a different family, the Mustelidae.

Characteristics

Viverrids have four or five toes on each foot and half-retractile

Their flesh-shearing carnassial teeth are relatively undeveloped compared to those of other feliform carnivorans.^[5] Most viverrid species have a penis bone (a baculum).^[6]

Classification

Living species

In 1821, Gray defined this family as consisting of the genera

In 1833, Edward Turner Bennett described the Malagasy fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) and subordinated the Cryptoprocta to the Viverridae.^[7] A molecular and morphological analysis based on DNA/DNA hybridization experiments suggests that Cryptoprocta does not belong within Viverridae, but is a member of the Eupleridae.^[8]

The

Nandiniidae. There is little dispute that the Poiana species are viverrids.^[2]

Prionodontidae.^[9]

Family Viverridae^[1][2][10]

Subfamily	Genus	Species	Image of type species
Viverrinae	Viverra Linnaeus, 1758[11]	Large Indian civet (V. zibetha) Linnaeus, 1758[11] Malayan civet (V. tangalunga) Gray, 1832[12] Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina) Blyth, 1862[13] Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila) Blyth, 1862[13]
	Viverricula Hodgson, 1838[14]	Small Indian civet (V. indica) (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)[15]
	Civettictis Pocock, 1915[16]	African civet (C. civetta) (Schreber, 1776)[17]
Hemigalinae Gray, 1864[18]
	Hemigalus Jourdan, 1837[19]	Banded palm civet (H. derbyanus) Jourdan, 1837[19]
	Cynogale Gray, 1836[20]	Otter civet (C. bennettii) Gray, 1836[20]
	Diplogale Thomas, 1912[21]	Hose's palm civet (D. hosei) (Thomas, 1892)[22]
	Macrogalidia Schwarz, 1910[23]	Sulawesi palm civet (M. musschenbroekii) (Schlegel, 1877)[24]
	Chrotogale Thomas, 1912[21]	Owston's palm civet (C. owstoni) Thomas, 1912[21]
Paradoxurinae Gray, 1864[18]	Paradoxurus Cuvier, 1822[25]	Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus) (Pallas, 1777)[26] Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis) (Pallas, 1778)[27] Brown palm civet (P. jerdoni) Blanford, 1885[28]
	Arctictis Temminck, 1824[29]	Raffles, 1822)[30]
	Paguma Gray, 1831[31]	Masked palm civet (P. larvata) (Smith, 1827)[32]
	Arctogalidia Merriam, 1897[33]	Small-toothed palm civet (A. trivirgata) (Gray, 1832)[34]
Genettinae	Genetta Cuvier, 1816[35]	Common genet (G. genetta) (Linnaeus, 1758)[36] Cape genet (G. tigrina) (Schreber, 1778)[37] South African small-spotted genet (G. felina) (Thunberg, 1811)[38] Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata) (Gray, 1828)[39] Pardine genet (G. pardina) Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832[40] Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica) (Rüppell, 1835)[41] King genet (G. poensis) Waterhouse, 1838[42] Servaline genet (G. servalina) Pucheran, 1855 Bocage , 1882 Giant forest genet (G. victoriae) Thomas, 1901[43] Hausa genet (G. thierryi) Matschie, 1902[44] Letaba genet (G. letabae) Thomas and Schwann, 1906[45] Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni) (Pocock, 1908) Aquatic genet (G. piscivora) (Allen, 1919)[46] Crested servaline genet (G. cristata) Hayman, 1940 Schouteden’s genet (G. schoutedeni) Crawford-Cabral, 1970 Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni) Gaubert, 2003[47]
	Poiana Gray, 1864[18]	Thomson, 1842)[48] West African oyan (P. leightoni) (Pocock, 1907)[49]

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Viverridae are shown in the following cladogram:[1]^[10]

Viverridae

Paradoxurinae   Paradoxurus  Golden palm civet P. zeylonensis Jerdon's palm civet P. jerdoni Asian palm civet P. hermaphroditus  Macrogalidia  Sulawesi palm civet M. musschenbroekii  Paguma  Masked palm civet P. larvata  Arctictis  Binturong A. binturong  Arctogalidia  Small-toothed palm civet A. trivirgata  Hemigalinae   Cynogale  Otter civet C. bennettii  Chrotogale  Owston's palm civet C. owstoni  Diplogale  Hose's palm civet D. hosei  Hemigalus  Banded palm civet H. derbyanus  Viverrinae   Viverrinae   Viverra  Malabar large-spotted civet V. civettina Large-spotted civet V. megaspila Large Indian civet V. zibetha Malayan civet V. tangalunga  Civettictis  African civet C. civetta  Viverricula  Small Indian civet V. indica  sensu stricto   Genettinae   Poiana  West African oyan P. leightoni Central African oyan P. richardsonii  Genetta  Abyssinian genet G. abyssinica Haussa genet G. thierryi Giant forest genet G. victoriae Johnston's genet G. johnstoni Aquatic genet G. piscivora Servaline genet G. servalina Crested servaline genet G. cristata South African small-spotted genet G. felina Common genet G. genetta Cape genet G. tigrina Letaba genet G. letabae Schouteden’s genet G. schoutedeni Rusty-spotted genet G. maculata Angolan genet G. angolensis Pardine genet G. pardina Bourlon's genet G. bourloni King genet G. poensis  sensu lato

Extinct species

Subfamily	Genus	Species
Viverrinae	Viverra Linnaeus, 1758	Leakey's civet (V. leakeyi) Leakey, 1982
	Semigenetta Helbing 1927	†S. cadeoti Roman and Viret 1934 †S. elegans Dehm, 1950 †S. grandis Crusafont & Golpe, 1981 †S. laugnacensis De Bonis, 1973 †S. ripolli Petter, 1976 †S. sansaniensis Lartet, 1851
Paradoxurinae	Kichechia Savage, 1965[50]	†K. zamanae[50] †K. savagei[51]
	Tugenictis Morales & Pickford, 2005[52][53]	†T. ngororaensis[52] Morales & Pickford, 2005
	Kanuites Dehghani & Werdelin, 2008[54]	†K. lewisae[54] Dehghani & Werdelin, 2008
	Siamictis Grohé et al., 2020[55]	†S. carbonensis[55] Grohé et al., 2020

See also

• List of viverrids

References

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viverridae.

Wikispecies has information related to Viverridae.

• "Genet: Wildlife summary". African Wildlife Foundation.
• "Viverridae". AnimalDiversity.org. University of Michigan.
• "Viverridae". ITIS.gov. Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
• Adams, Cecil (May 25, 2001). "Does civet come from tortured cats? Does kopi luwak coffee come from pre-eaten beans?". StraightDope.com.