Vladko Maček
Vladko Maček | |
---|---|
2nd President of the Croatian Peasant Party | |
In office 13 August 1928 – 15 May 1964 | |
Deputy | Josip PredavecAugust Košutić |
Preceded by | Stjepan Radić |
Succeeded by | Juraj Krnjević |
Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia | |
In office 26 August 1939 – 7 April 1941 | |
Monarch | Peter II of Yugoslavia |
Prime Minister | Dragiša Cvetković (until 1941)Dušan Simović (1941) |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Juraj Krnjević |
Leader of the Opposition | |
In office 13 August 1928 – 26 August 1939 | |
Monarch | Alexander I of YugoslaviaPeter II of Yugoslavia |
Personal details | |
Born | Washington D. C., U.S. | 20 June 1879
Nationality | Croatian |
Political party | Croatian Peasant Party |
Children | 2 |
Alma mater | University of Zagreb |
Profession | Lawyer |
Awards | Grand Order of King Dmitar Zvonimir (2004) |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Austria-Hungary |
Branch/service | Army |
Years of service | 1914–1918 |
Rank | Captain |
Vladimir Maček (20 June 1879 – 15 May 1964) was a politician in the
Early life
Maček was born in
World War I
At the outbreak of the
After World War I
After World War I, during which he served in the Austro-Hungarian Army, he became a close associate of Stjepan Radić. In 1925, after Radić's visit to Moscow and the Croatian Peasant Party joining the Peasants International, Maček was arrested by the Royal Yugoslav authorities. While in jail, he was elected to the National Assembly. In July 1925, after HSS had joined the government, Maček was released.[12]
HSS leadership and Banovina of Croatia
Maček became the leader of the party on 13 August 1928 following Radić's assassination.[13] He quickly became a main opponent of King Alexander and was arrested in April 1933 and sentenced to three years in jail for treason.[14]
Maček was released following Alexander's assassination in 1934. His stated aim during that period was to transform Yugoslavia from a unitary state, dominated by ethnic Serbs, into a new form of state organization in which Croatian statehood would be restored. His ideas appealed to a majority of Croats, and the Croatian Peasant Party gradually gained popularity. He nurtured close relations with other opposition parties in Yugoslavia and, although his coalition lost elections in 1938, it remained a force for reckoning. His persistence and political skills finally paid off in August 1939 with Dragiša Cvetković in the Cvetković–Maček Agreement and the creation of the Banovina of Croatia (Banovina), a semi-autonomous entity which contained Croatia and large sections of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina. HSS became part of the coalition government while Maček himself became deputy prime minister of Yugoslavia.[15]
World War II
This triumph proved to be short-lived as Banovina collapsed along with Yugoslavia when it was invaded by the Axis invasion in April 1941. Seen by Nazi Germany as an ideal leader of a new Axis puppet state—the Independent State of Croatia—Maček was offered the opportunity to become prime minister, but refused the offer twice. He called on the supporters of HSS to respect and co-operate with the new regime of Ante Pavelić, while at the same time delegating Juraj Krnjević to represent the Croatian people in the Yugoslav government-in-exile. [citation needed]
Maček's strategy proved to be detrimental both for his party and himself. In October 1941, he was arrested and interned in
Later life
On 12 June 1945, Maček was received by French foreign minister Georges Bidault who offered him the right of domicile in France.[17] He visited the United States for the first time in 1946 after receiving a visa by order of the Department of State.[18] He was received by mayor David L. Lawrence of Pittsburgh while delivering a speech in that city.[19]
Maček helped found the
See also
- Stanisław Maczek, Vladko Maček's cousin
References
- ^ Kranjc, Marijan F. "Stanislaw Maczek (Maček), generalpodpolkovnik – poljski general slovenskega porekla" (PDF). Retrieved November 4, 2017.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 13.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 18.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 19.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 20.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 31.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 56.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 59.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 60.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 60-61.
- ^ Maček 2003, p. 61.
- ^ "Maček, Vladko". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
- ^ Ramet 2006, p. 74.
- ISBN 0-521-25249-0.
- ^ Markham, Reuben (April 4, 1941). "Dr. Matchek Picks Hard Way". The Christian Science Monitor.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-271-06665-3.
- ^ Boban, Branka (2007). "Vladko Maček u emigraciji – od izlaska iz zemlje do odlaska u SAD" [Vladko Maček in Emigration – From Leaving Croatia in 1945 until His Departure to the USA]. Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest (in Croatian). 39 (1): 243–258.
- ^ "U.S. View Maček [As] No War Criminal", The Windsor Daily Star, 26 September 1946.
- ^ "Croat Leader Visits Here", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 13 September 1946.[page needed]
- ^ Markham, Reuben (1950). Communists Crush Churches in Eastern Europe. Boston: Meador Publishing Co.
- ^ Markham, Reuben (1947). Tito's Imperial Communism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 179.
- ^ "Odluka o odlikovanju posmrtno dr. Vladka Mačeka Veleredom kralja Dmitra Zvonimira s lentom i Danicom". nn.hr (in Croatian). Narodne novine. 27 December 2004. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8.
External links
- Media related to Vladko Maček at Wikimedia Commons
- Newspaper clippings about Vladko Maček in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW