Voiced retroflex nasal

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Voiced retroflex nasal
ɳ
IPA Number
117
Audio sample
help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɳ
Unicode (hex)U+0273
X-SAMPAn`
Braille⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)

The voiced retroflex nasal is a type of

spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɳ , and the equivalent X-SAMPA
symbol is n`.

Like all the

velar nasal
, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem.

Features

Features of the voiced retroflex nasal:

  • Its
    nasal
    , the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
  • Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives, laminal (flat).
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is a
    nasal stops
    ) or in addition to through the mouth.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The
    intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
    , as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Bengali[1] Rare; occurs in the extreme western dialects
Enindhilyagwa
yingarna [jiŋaɳa] 'snake'
Faroese ørn [œɻɳ] 'eagle'
Hindi ठण्डा/ṭhaḍā [ʈʰəɳɖaː] 'cold'
Kannada
ಅಣೆ/ae [ɐɳe] 'dam'
Khanty Eastern dialects еңә/e [eɳə] 'large'
Some northern dialects
Malayalam[2]
അണ/aa [ɐɳɐ] 'jaw'
Marathi
बा
/a
[baːɳ] 'arrow' Often realized as a flap in intervocalic and word-final positions. See Marathi phonology
Nepali
अण्डा
/aḍā
[ʌɳɖä] 'egg' See Nepali phonology
Norwegian
garn
[ɡɑːɳ] 'yarn' See Norwegian phonology
Odia ବଣି/bai [bɔɳi] 'old'
Pashto
اتڼ/Ata [at̪aɳ] 'Attan'
Punjabi Gurmukhi ਪੁਰਾਣਾ/purāā [pʊraːɳaː] 'old'
Shahmukhi
پُراݨا
/purāā
Swedish[3] garn [ɡɑːɳ] 'yarn' See Swedish phonology
Tamil[4] அணல்/aal [aɳal] 'neck' See Tamil phonology
Telugu గొణుగు/gougu [goɳugu] 'murmur' Occurs as
anuswara when followed by Voiced retroflex plosives
.
Vietnamese[5] anh trả [aɳ˧ ʈa˨˩˦] 'you pay' Allophone of /n/ before /ʈ/ in Saigon dialect. See Vietnamese phonology

Voiced retroflex nasal flap

Retroflex nasal flap
ɽ̃
ɳ̆

Features

Features of the retroflex nasal tap or flap:

  • Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
  • Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives, laminal (flat).
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is a
    nasal stops
    ) or in addition to through the mouth.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The
    intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
    , as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Hindi गणेश Gaeśa [ɡəɽ̃eːʃ] 'Ganesha' Allophone of /ɳ/ when not in clusters
Ndrumbea[6]
/t̠ɽáɽẽ/
[t̠áɽ̃ã́ɻ̃ẽ]
'to run' Allophone of /ɽ/ before a nasal vowel
Kangri[7] न्ह़ौणा [nɔ̌ɽ̃ɑ] 'to bathe'

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926). The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language. Vol. 1. Calcutta: Calcutta University Press. p. 269.
  2. ^ Ladefoged (2005:165)
  3. ^ Eliasson (1986:278–279)
  4. ^ Keane (2004:111)
  5. ^ Thompson (1959:458–461)
  6. ^ Gordon, Matthew; Maddieson, Ian (October 1995). "The phonetics of Ndumbea". UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics (91): 25–44.
  7. ^ Eaton 2008, p. 32.

References

External links