Volker Schlöndorff

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Volker Schlöndorff
Schlöndorff in November 2009
Born (1939-03-31) 31 March 1939 (age 85)
Wiesbaden, Germany
Occupation(s)Film director, producer, screenwriter
Years active1960–present
MovementNew German Cinema
Spouse(s)Margarethe von Trotta (1971–1991; divorced)
Angelika Gruber

Volker Schlöndorff (German pronunciation: [ˈfɔlkɐ ˈʃløːndɔʁf] ⓘ; born 31 March 1939) is a German film director, screenwriter and producer who has worked in Germany, France and the United States. He was a prominent member of the New German Cinema of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

He has won an Oscar as well as the Palme d'Or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival for The Tin Drum (1979), the film version of the novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Günter Grass.[1]

Early life

Volker Schlöndorff was born in

Méditerranée released in 1963. The film has been highly regarded since its initial release, gaining praise from Jean-Luc Godard and consistently appearing in the popular book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die
.

Early film career

Schlöndorff returned to Germany to make his feature film debut

FIPRESCI Prize at Cannes.[2]

The New German Cinema movement unofficially began in 1962 with the Oberhausen Manifesto, calling new young German filmmakers to revitalize filmmaking in Germany, much like the French New Wave of the previous few years. Although not among the initial group of filmmakers involved, Schlöndorff was quick to align himself with the group and Young Törless is considered one of the most important films of the New German Cinema.

Schlöndorff's next film was

Rolling Stones guitarist Brian Jones. The film stars Jones' then girlfriend Anita Pallenberg as a young waitress who accidentally kills her boyfriend and hides the body with the help of two male friends. The film was very popular upon release amongst "swinging sixties" youths.[2]

He then made another film that spoke to the counter-culture generation, Man on Horseback (Michael Kohlhaas – Der Rebell, 1969). Set in medieval Germany, Michael Kohlhaas is a horse trader who has been cheated by a local nobleman and nearly starts a revolution to get revenge. The film starred David Warner, Anna Karina and Anita Pallenberg, and was made in both German and English versions.[2]

Schlöndorff then worked on Baal (1970), an adaptation for West German television of Bertolt Brecht's first play, and cast Rainer Werner Fassbinder in the lead role, along with Margarethe von Trotta, whom Schlöndorff would marry in 1971. Schlöndorff adapted the story of a self-destructive poet to modern-day Munich. He then made another TV movie The Sudden Wealth of the Poor People of Kombach (1971), again starring Fassbinder. The film depicts seven peasants in 19th-century Germany who rob the local tax collection cart but are so conditioned by their poverty that they cannot handle their newfound wealth.[2]

The Morals of Ruth Halbfass [de] (1972) examined a group of people who have lost their sense of morals and co-starred von Trotta. Von Trotta would both star in and co-write Schlöndorff's next film, A Free Woman [it] (Strohfeuer, 1972). The film took a feminist look at the condition of modern women in Munich. von Trotta portrays Elizabeth Junker, a recently divorced woman who must struggle to live her life independently as her husband has everything come easily to him, including the villa and son that they had shared together as a married couple. The film is loosely based on von Trotta's experiences with her divorce from her first husband.[2]

Schlöndorff then completed the TV movie Stayover in Tyrol [it] (Übernachtung in Tirol, 1974); directed his first opera in Frankfurt, a production of Leoš Janáček's Káťa Kabanová, in the same year; and adapted the Henry James short story "Georgina's Reasons" as Les raisons de Georgina (1975) for French TV.

International success as a filmmaker

Schlöndorff (left) with Dustin Hoffman at the 1984 Venice Film Festival

Schlöndorff (and the New German Cinema movement as a whole) had his first financial hit film with

Bild-Zeitung, whose publisher Axel Springer
was the inspiration for the character Werner Tötges.

In Schlöndorff's view, West Germany had fallen into political hysteria over the activities of a terrorist group, the Red Army Faction. The police and journalistic activities in both Böll's novel and Schlöndorff's film portrayed the Red Army Faction era as reminiscent of McCarthyism in the 1950s U.S., including illegal police raids, phone tapping and tabloid smears. Although Böll was heavily attacked after the publication of the novel, both novel and film were hugely successful in West Germany.[2]

After directing his second opera

Bolshevik Revolution after being rejected by a young German soldier preparing to fight the Red Army in 1919. The film depicts the same time period and subject matter that von Trotta would later revisit in the film Rosa Luxemburg
(1986).

A supporting actress in Coup de Grâce was Valeska Gert, a former cabaret dancer, circus performer and silent film actress who had worked with Greta Garbo and G. W. Pabst. This led to the documentary about her life, Just for Fun, Just for Play, in 1977.

Schlöndorff then contributed to the anthology film Germany in Autumn (1978), in which nine German filmmakers (including Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Alexander Kluge, Edgar Reitz and author Heinrich Böll) made short films depicting the hysteria and political chaos in West Germany during the German Autumn of 1977.[2]

Schlöndorff's next film was the most successful and ambitious of his career: The Tin Drum, released in 1979. The film was based on the novel by Günter Grass, who for years had rejected proposed adaptations of his book until giving Schlöndorff his approval (and assistance) to make the film.[2]

The Tin Drum stars

Post Office
, in which Oscar takes part.

The film was widely hailed as a masterpiece

Best Foreign Language Film
.

Schlöndorff collaborated with

Lebanon Civil War
in Beirut in 1975.

Hollywood and later career

Schlöndorff's first English-language film was Swann in Love (1984), an adaptation of the first two volumes of Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time. The film was shot in France and financed by Gaumont, and stars Jeremy Irons, Ornella Muti, Alain Delon and Fanny Ardant.

Schlöndorff then went to the United States to make a TV adaptation of

Emmys
for their performances and Schlöndorff was nominated for an Emmy for his direction. The film premiered on television in 1985 and was released theatrically throughout Europe over the following years.

Schlöndorff followed this with another TV movie in the US, A Gathering of Old Men, based on the novel of the same name by Ernest J. Gaines. The film stars Richard Widmark, Holly Hunter and Lou Gossett Jr. and concerns racial discrimination in 1970s Louisiana.

Schlöndorff returned to theatrical films with the Hollywood science fiction film The Handmaid's Tale (1990). The film's story takes place in a dystopian near future in which most women are sterile due to pollution. Kate (Natasha Richardson) is arrested after attempting to flee to Canada and forced to become a "Handmaid". Handmaids are fertile women who are enslaved by the state and put in the households of wealthy men – who have "ceremonial" sex with them in the hope of conceiving a child. She becomes the Handmaid of the Commander (Robert Duvall), Fred, who is married to Serena Joy (Faye Dunaway). To save herself from execution, Kate – renamed "Offred", since she now is attached to Fred's household – allows the Commander's driver (Aidan Quinn) to impregnate her and falls in love with him. The film was in competition at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival.

This was soon followed by Voyager (1991). The film stars Sam Shepard as a man who survives a plane crash, then finds the love of his life (Julie Delpy) on his next trip and begins to question the rationale of his good luck after having spent most of his life being cruel to others. The film was based on the novel Homo Faber by Max Frisch and was not a success at the box-office. He directed the concert film The Michael Nyman Songbook released in 1992.

The first of Schlöndorff's two documentaries on Austrian-born director Billy Wilder was Billy Wilder, How Did You Do It?, in which he and German critic Hellmuth Karasek interviewed Wilder about his career over the course of two weeks in 1988. It was aired on German TV in 1992, and shown on TCM in the USA under the title Billy Wilder Speaks in 2006. Schlöndorff had been a great admirer of Wilder for many years and sought his advice during the making of The Tin Drum.

Appalled at plans to destroy the historic film studios

UFA studio in Babelsberg between 1992 and 1997.[3] During that time, he helped Jiang Wen finish editing his film In the Heat of the Sun (1994) in Germany, with the studio's full financial support. He also helped to get the film selected for the 51st Venice International Film Festival.[4] In 1996 he contributed to the French TV series Lumière sur un massacre
with the episode "Le parfait soldat".

Schlöndorff returned to Germany in to make

1996 Venice Film Festival
and won the UNICEF award. The film was released in Germany in 1996 and gained positive reviews. On the audio commentary for The Tin Drum, Schlöndorff said that he had wanted to film a sequel to The Tin Drum, as the film was based only on the first two thirds of the novel. But because actor David Bennent was too old to reprise the role and he did not want to recast Oscar, he considers The Ogre to be an unofficial sequel to his masterpiece.

Schlöndorff returned to Hollywood for Palmetto (1998). In a noir plot, the film stars Woody Harrelson as a falsely accused journalist who was sent to jail after uncovering corruption in the local government. After getting out of jail and unable to find work, he encounters Rhea Malroux (Elisabeth Shue), a femme fatale who propositions him to help her extort money from her millionaire husband. The film was not a financial success and was Schlöndorff's last film in the US to date.

Volker Schlöndorff and Nina Hoss at the 2017 Berlin International Film Festival

Schlöndorff returned to Germany to make the film The Legend of Rita (2000). Loosely based upon the lives of members of the Red Army Faction who exiled to East Germany in the 1970s, the film centers around Rita, who most closely resembles real RAF member Inge Viett. Rita abandons the revolution and lives in East Germany under protection of the secret service, but after German reunification she faces the risk of discovery and consequences for her past crimes.[5]

After the documentary

Father Jean Bernard. Ulrich Matthes plays Father Henri Kremer, a Catholic priest who is interned at Dachau concentration camp during the Second World War. He is inexplicably released for nine days and sent to Luxembourg. There he meets a young SS soldier who informs him that his mission there is to convince the local bishop to cooperate with the Nazi Party, in which case he will not be sent back to Dachau
. He is thus faced with the moral dilemma of betraying his faith or returning to the concentration camp.

Schlöndorff next completed the TV movie

Solidarity Movement
in Poland leading up to the fall of Communism.

Schlöndorff's

Richard C. Holbrooke, debuted at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. Set in 1944, it explores how the Swedish consul general in Paris, Raoul Nordling, helped persuade Dietrich von Choltitz, the German military governor of Paris, not to obey Hitler's orders to destroy the historic city should it fall into enemy hands.[6]

Personal life

Schlöndorff with his wife Angelika in 2017

Schlöndorff was married to fellow film director Margarethe von Trotta from 1971 to 1991 and helped raise her son from her first marriage. He is currently married to Angelika Schlöndorff, and the couple has one daughter.[7]

He founded the production company Bioskop, which produced both his own and von Trotta's films.

In 1991, he was the Head of the Jury at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival.[8]

Schlöndorff teaches film and literature at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland, where he conducts an Intensive Summer Seminar.

Filmography

Features

TV films

Documentaries and shorts subjects

Awards

Cultural references

  • Good Bye Schlöndorff, a performance by Lebanese artist and musician Waël Koudaih alias Rayess Bek based on extracts of Die Fälschung and audio tapes from the Lebanese Civil War.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Volker Schlöndorff Archived 22 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine at European Graduate School. Biography and bibliography. (Retrieved 14 May 2010)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 2. The H. W. Wilson Company. 1988. 983–987.
  3. ^ a b Mary Williams Walsh (22 September 1996), The Savior of Babelsberg (Well, Almost) Los Angeles Times.
  4. ^ Edward Wong (16 October 2013), Cinema Heavyweights Open German Film Festival The New York Times.
  5. ^ " Cinema has been 'abused horrifically'". Matthew Hays and Martin Siberok, The Globe and Mail, 4 September 2000
  6. ^ Rachel Donadio (9 February 2014), Europe’s Painful Past Colors a Film Festival The New York Times.
  7. ^ Peter Craven and Volker Schlöndorff. Talking Germany. Deutsche Welle. 26 April 2009.
  8. ^ "Berlinale: 1991 Juries". berlinale.de. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  9. ^ "Berlinale 1978: Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
  10. ^ "Bayerischer Filmpreis - "Pierrot"" (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  11. ^ "Plus Camerimage 2010". Archived from the original on 17 November 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
  12. ^ "Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz: Steinmeier würdigt Regisseur Schlöndorff". Deutschlandfunk (in German). 25 June 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  13. ^ "'Good Bye Schlöndorff', performance de Waël Koudaih au Metro al-Madina". Agenda Culturel. 13 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.

Further reading

  • Moeller, Hans Bernhard and George Lellis, Volker Schlöndorff's Cinema: Adaptation, Politics and the "Movie Appropriate" . Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2002.

External links

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