Vranje
Vranje
Врање (Serbian) | |
---|---|
City of Vranje | |
From top: Main pedestrian zone, Courthouse in Vranje, County Building, National Museum, Prohor of Pčinja Monastery, White Bridge, Markovo Kale fortress | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 17500 |
Area code | +381(0)17 |
ISO 3166 code | SRB |
Car plates | VR |
Website | www |
Vranje (
Vranje is the economical, political and cultural centre of the Pčinja District in Southern Serbia. It was the first city from the
Etymology
The toponym Vranje is first attested in an 11th-century Byzantine text. The town's name is believed to be derived from vran, a word of Slavic origin meaning swarthy or dark, or the archaic Slavic given name Vran, which itself is derived from the same word.[5]
History
The
During the Middle Ages, in the 9th-11th centuries, the territory of modern-day Vranje was a part of Bulgaria. [7][8][9][10][11]
The first written mention of Vranje comes from
Some time before 1306,
The medieval župa was a small landscape unit, whose territory expanded with creation of new settlements and independence of hamlets and neighbourhoods from župa villages and shepherd cottages.[12] Good mercantile relations with developing mine city Novo Brdo led to creation of numerous settlements.[12] In 1455, Vranje was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, amid the fall of the medieval Serbian state.[12] It was organized as the seat of a kaza (county), named Vranje, after the city and the medieval župa.[12] In the mid-19th century, Austrian diplomat Johann Georg von Hahn stated that the population of Vranje kaza was six-sevenths Bulgarian and one-seventh Albanian, while the city population consisted of 1,000 Christian-Bulgarian families, 600 Albanian-Turkish and 50 Romani.[citation needed] The urban Muslim population of Vranje consisted of Albanians and Turks, of which a part were themselves of Albanian origin.[18]
Vranje was part of the Ottoman Empire until 1878, when the
In the early 20th century, Vranje had around 12,000 inhabitants. As a border town of the
After the war, Vranje was part of the
During
Geography
Vranje is situated in the northwestern part of the Vranje basin, on the left waterside of the South Morava.[12]
Vranje is at base of the mountains
Vranje is the economical, political, and cultural centre of the Pčinja District in South Serbia.[12] The Pčinja District also includes the municipalities of Bosilegrad, Bujanovac, Vladičin Han, Preševo, Surdulica, and Trgovište.[12] It is located on the Pan-European Corridor X.
Climate
Climate data for Vranje (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 17.9 (64.2) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
31.5 (88.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
37.9 (100.2) |
41.6 (106.9) |
39.6 (103.3) |
37.0 (98.6) |
33.2 (91.8) |
26.1 (79.0) |
18.7 (65.7) |
41.6 (106.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
29.3 (84.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.1 (61.0) |
20.1 (68.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
6.7 (44.1) |
1.5 (34.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
1.3 (34.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
6.4 (43.5) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.0 (−13.0) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−16.0 (3.2) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
2.3 (36.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−18.0 (−0.4) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 39.9 (1.57) |
41.0 (1.61) |
43.5 (1.71) |
52.9 (2.08) |
63.1 (2.48) |
59.3 (2.33) |
46.2 (1.82) |
41.8 (1.65) |
50.2 (1.98) |
60.2 (2.37) |
54.3 (2.14) |
53.6 (2.11) |
606.0 (23.86) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.6 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 6.7 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 10.7 | 13.9 | 130.4 |
Average snowy days | 9.7 | 8.5 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 36.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
81.8 | 74.8 | 66.6 | 64.0 | 66.2 | 64.5 | 60.0 | 59.1 | 66.3 | 73.4 | 79.0 | 83.4 | 69.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 74.9 | 103.7 | 154.0 | 181.2 | 225.9 | 278.3 | 320.7 | 302.6 | 209.4 | 158.6 | 91.6 | 59.1 | 2,160 |
Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[22][23] |
Climate data for Vranje (2010-2022) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
22.7 (72.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
31.1 (88.0) |
25.7 (78.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
13.5 (56.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) |
4.2 (39.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.0 (73.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
2.9 (37.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
1.7 (35.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
6.3 (43.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
6.5 (43.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 52.0 (2.05) |
46.8 (1.84) |
50.6 (1.99) |
119.1 (4.69) |
63.4 (2.50) |
52.2 (2.06) |
44.1 (1.74) |
22.2 (0.87) |
43.1 (1.70) |
57.8 (2.28) |
61.7 (2.43) |
55.2 (2.17) |
668.2 (26.32) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 67.7 | 101.1 | 151.9 | 194.3 | 214.2 | 256.8 | 319.5 | 312.6 | 216.5 | 172.3 | 99.7 | 67.6 | 2,174.2 |
Source: weatheronline.co.uk [24] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1093 | 3,900 | — |
1386 | 5,800 | +0.14% |
1800 | 10,564 | +0.14% |
1878 | 15,875 | +0.52% |
1900 | 27,586 | +2.54% |
1905 | 34,110 | +4.34% |
1910 | 39,487 | +2.97% |
1921 | 48,817 | +1.95% |
1948 | 59,504 | +0.74% |
1953 | 62,659 | +1.04% |
1961 | 65,367 | +0.53% |
1971 | 72,208 | +1.00% |
1981 | 82,527 | +1.34% |
1991 | 86,518 | +0.47% |
2002 | 87,288 | +0.08% |
2011 | 83,524 | −0.49% |
There is no citation available for pre-1948 population. Source: [25] |
The city population has been expanded by Yugoslav-era settlers and
According to the 2011 census results, there are 83,524 inhabitants in the city of Vranje.
Ethnic groups
The ethnic composition of the city administrative area (2011 census):[26]
Ethnic group | Population | % |
---|---|---|
Serbs | 76,569 | 91.67% |
Roma | 4,654 | 5.57% |
Bulgarians |
589 | 0.71% |
Macedonians | 255 | 0.31% |
Montenegrins | 48 | 0.06% |
Gorani | 43 | 0.05% |
Croats | 33 | 0.04% |
Yugoslavs | 22 | 0.03% |
Muslims |
17 | 0.02% |
Albanians | 13 | 0.02% |
Russians | 10 | 0.01% |
Others | 1,271 | 1.52% |
Total | 83,524 |
Municipalities and settlements
The city of Vranje consists of two city municipalities: Vranje and Vranjska Banja.[2] Their municipal areas include the following settlements:
- Municipality of Vranje
- Aleksandrovac
- Barbarušince
- Barelić
- Beli Breg
- Bojin Del
- Bresnica
- Buljesovce
- Buštranje
- Crni Lug
- Čestelin
- Ćukovac
- Ćurkovica
- Davidovac
- Dobrejance
- Donja Otulja
- Donje Punoševce
- Donje Trebešinje
- Donje Žapsko
- Donji Neradovac
- Dragobužde
- Drenovac
- Dubnica
- Dulan
- Dupeljevo
- Golemo Selo
- Gornja Otulja
- Gornje Punoševce
- Gornje Trebešinje
- Gornje Žapsko
- Gornji Neradovac
- Gradnja
- Gumerište
- Katun
- Klašnjice
- Koćura
- Kopanjane
- Kruševa Glava
- Krševica
- Kupinince
- Lalince
- Lepčince
- Lukovo
- Margance
- Mečkovac
- Mijakovce
- Mijovce
- Milanovo
- Milivojce
- Moštanica
- Nastavce
- Nova Brezovica
- Oblička Sena
- Ostra Glava
- Pavlovac
- Pljačkovica
- Preobraženje
- Ranutovac
- Rataje
- Ribnice
- Ristovac
- Roždace
- Rusce (Vranje)
- Sikirje
- Smiljević
- Soderce
- Srednji Del
- Stance
- Stara Brezovica
- Strešak
- Stropsko
- Struganica
- Studena
- Surdul
- Suvi Dol
- Tesovište
- Tibužde
- Trstena
- Tumba
- Urmanica
- Uševce
- Viševce
- Vlase (Vranje)
- Vranje
- Vrtogoš
- Zlatokop
- Municipality of Vranjska Banja
Society and culture
Culture
Vranje was an important Ottoman trading site. The White Bridge is a symbol of the city and is called "most ljubavi" (lovers' bridge) after the tale of the forbidden love between the Muslim girl Ajša and Christian Stojan that resulted in the father killing the couple. After that, he built the bridge where he had killed her and had the story inscribed in Ottoman Arabic. The 11th-century Markovo Kale fortress is in the north of the city. The city has traditional Balkan and Ottoman architecture.
The well-known theater play Koštana by Bora Stanković is set in Vranje.
Vranje is famous for its popular old music. The best known music is from the theater piece with music, Koštana, by Bora Stanković. This original music style has been renewed recently by taking different, specific, and more oriental form, with the contribution of rich brass instruments. It is played particularly by the Vranje Romani people.
Vranje is the seat of Pčinja District and, as such, is a major center for cultural events in the district. Most notable annual events are Borina nedelja, Stari dani, Dani karanfila (in Vranjska Banja), etc.
Vranje lies close to Besna Kobila mountain and Vranjska Banja, locations with high potential that are underdeveloped. Other locations in and around Vranje with some tourist potential include Prohor Pčinjski monastery, Kale-Krševica, Markovo kale, Pržar, birth-house museum of Bora Stankovic.
Largest hotels are Hotel Vranje, near the center and Hotel Pržar overlooking the city and the valley. The city has traditional Serbian cuisine as well as international cuisine restaurants and many cafes and bars.
Culture institutions
- National Museum (in former Pasha's residence, built in 1765)
- Youth Cultural Centre
- National Library
- Centre for Talents
- Theater "Bora Stanković"
- Tourist organization of Vranje
Sport
The city has one top-flight
Economy
Vranje is located in southern Serbia, on
Until the second half of the 20th century Vranje was a
The most common industries in the city of Vranje are
As of September 2017, Vranje has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia.[28]
- Historical statistics
As of 1961, there were 1,525 employees; in 1971, there were 4,374 employees; and in 1998, there were 32,758 employees.[citation needed] Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, and due to sanctions imposed on FR Yugoslavia during the rule of Slobodan Milošević, the number of employees began to drop; factories which employed a large number of people closed, among whom are Yumco and Koštana. As of 2010, there were only 18,958 employed inhabitants and 7,559 unemployed.[citation needed] As of 2010, the city of Vranje has 59,278 available workers.[citation needed] In 2010, the City Council passed the "Strategy of sustainable development of the city of Vranje from 2010 to 2019," for the achievement of objectives through a transparent and responsible business partnership with industry and the public.[27]
As of 2020, a total of 24,509 people were employed. A total of 5,921 people (19.46%) were unemployed.[29]
- Economic preview
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2020):[29]
Activity | Total |
---|---|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 181 |
Mining and quarrying | 246 |
Manufacturing | 8,141 |
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 163 |
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 424 |
Construction | 705 |
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 2,957 |
Transportation and storage | 1,017 |
Accommodation and food services | 755 |
Information and communication | 201 |
Financial and insurance activities | 310 |
Real estate activities | 21 |
Professional, scientific and technical activities | 741 |
Administrative and support service activities | 320 |
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 1,435 |
Education | 1,643 |
Human health and social work activities | 1,787 |
Arts, entertainment and recreation | 444 |
Other service activities | 350 |
Individual agricultural workers | 84 |
Total | 21,925 |
Notable people
- Borisav Stanković (1876–1927), Serbian writer
- Justin Popović (1894–1979), theologian and philosopher
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
The city of Vranje is
See also
References
- ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
- ^ ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
- ^ "UNESCO designates 66 new Creative Cities | Creative Cities Network". en.unesco.org. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ "Vranje među kreativnim gradovima Uneska". www.novosti.rs (in Serbian (Latin script)). Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ Đorđević, Jadranka (2001). Srodnički odnosi u Vranju (in Serbian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Ethnographical Institute. p. 20.
P. Skok ime mesta Vranje izvodi iz reči vran, fvrana, pridjev, određeno vrani, baltoslav. i praslav....poimeničen u sr.r. Vranje (Srbija)... M. Zlatanović smatra da je naziv Vranje postao od sloveskog ličnog imena Vran
- ^ Janković, Đorđe. "The Slavs in the 6th century North Illyricum". Projekat Rastko (in Serbian). Belgrade. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
- ^ Ivanišević 2013, p. 450.
- ^ "Euratlas Periodis Web - Map of Europe in Year 900".
- ISBN 978-0472081493. Retrieved 29 December 2017 – via Google Books.
- ^ The Late Medieval Balkans, p. 48
- ^ The Late Medieval Balkans, p. 54
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Bazić 2008, p. 254.
- ^ Blagojević 2001, p. 26.
- ISBN 978-86-17-16604-3.
- ^ Starinar 1936, p. 72: "... сродника и наследника кнеза Балдовина. Кнез Балдовин je из времена краља Стефана Уроша III Дечанског (1321 — 1331). Пре њега je, изгледа, био y Врањи тепчија Кузма, a пре овога казнац Мирослав (свакако онај исти који ce помиње y ..."
- ^ Blagojević 2001, pp. 41, 52.
- ^ Blagojević 2001, p. 252.
- ^ S2CID 140637086. para. 6. "According to the information about the language spoken among the Muslims in the cities, we can see of which nationality they were. So, the Muslim population of Niš and Pirot consisted mostly of Turks; in Vranje and Leskovac they were Turks and Albanians"; para. 11. "The Turks have been mostly city dwellers. It is certain, however, that part of them was of Albanian origin, because of the well-known fact that the Albanians have been very easily assimilated with Turks in the cities."; para. 26, 48.
- ISBN 9780333666128."Vranje itself became a major Gypsy centre, with a large population of Serbian-speaking Muslim Gypsies. After the nineteenth- century expulsions of Muslim Slavs and Muslim Albanians from the Serbian state, these Gypsies were virtually the only Muslims permitted to remain on Serbian soil: in 1910 there were 14,335 Muslims in the whole kingdom of Serbia (6,089 of them in Vranje), and roughly 90 per cent of the urban Muslims were Gypsies."
- ^ Bazić 2008, p. 255.
- ^ Mitrović 2007, pp. 222–223.
- ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1991–2020" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ "Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981–2010" (in Serbian). Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
- ^ "Climate: Vranje, Serbia". Weatheronline.co.uk. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ a b c Агенција за страна улагања и промоцију извоза Републике Србије (СИЕПА) – Град Врање
- ^ Mikavica, A. (3 September 2017). "Slobodne zone mamac za investitore". politika.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ a b "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2021" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie i zaprzyjaźnione Nowego Sącza". Urząd Miasta Nowego Sącza (in Polish). Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ^ "Međunarodna saradnja". www.vranje.org.rs. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
Sources
- ISBN 9788635504971.
- ISBN 978-1-55753-477-4.
- Pešić, Miodrag (1975). Врање. Нова Југославија.
- Врање кроз векове, избор радова. Vranje. 1993.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Dragoljub Mihajlović (1969). Vranje koje ne umire. Izdanje autora.
- Simonović, Rista (1964). Врање, околина и људи. Vol. 1.
- Simonović, Rista (1973). Врање, околина и људи. Vol. 2.
- Simonović, Rista (1984). Staro vranje koje nestaje. Vol. I.
- Врањски гласник: библиографија. 1998.
- Борислава Лилић (2006). Југоисточна Србија, 1878-1918. Институт за Савремену Историју. ISBN 9788674031025.
- Bulatović, Aleksandar (2007). Врање: Културна стратиграфија праисторијских локалитета у Врањској регији. Archaeological institute, Belgrade; National museum, Vranje.
- Trifunoski, Jovan (1963). Врањска котлина.
- Nikolić, Rista. Врањска Пчиња.
- Mišić, Siniša (2002). Југоисточна Србија средњег века. Vranje: Međuopštinski arhiv Vranje i Udruženje istoričara Braničeva i Timočke krajine.
Further reading
- Tatomir P. Vukanović (1978). Vranje: etnička istorija i kulturna baština vranjskog gravitacionog područja u doba oslobođenja od Turaka, 1878. Radnički univerzitet u Vranju.
- Сања Златановић (2003). Свадба - прича о идентитету: Врање и околина. Etnografski institut SANU. ISBN 978-86-7587-026-5.
- Jadranka Đorđević (2001). Srodnički odnosi u Vranju. Etnografski institut. ISBN 978-86-7587-018-0.
- Hrabri vranjski i moravski bataljoni: 1912-1918. Vranjska podružnica Udruženja nosilaca Albanske spomenice. 1970.
- Bazić, Mirjana (2008). "Istorijski značaj i prosvetna politika grada Vranja" (PDF). Baština. 24: 253–260.