Vyjayanthimala

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For the garland in Hindu mythology, see Vaijayanti.

Vyjayanthimala
Thiruvallikeni, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India)
Occupation(s)Actress, Indian classical dancer, Carnatic singer, politician
Years active1949–1970
WorksFull list
Spouse
Chamanlal Bali
​
​
(m. 1968; died 1986)​
Children
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
In office
27 August 1993 – 26 August 1999
Personal details
Political partyBharatiya Janata Party (1999–present)
Other political
affiliations		Indian National Congress (1984–1999)
Signature
"Vyjayanthimala Bali"

Vyjayanthimala (born 13 August 1933)

Hindi cinema was the social guidance film Bahar (1951), which she headlined, and achieved her breakthrough with the romance Nagin
(1954).

She garnered widespread critical acclaim for her role in the

magnum opus. For Devdas, she won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress which she refused, stating that she played a leading role equal to that of Suchitra Sen, her co-star, and so she could not accept the award for a supporting role. She went on to star in series of commercial successes, which include the romance New Delhi (1956), the social drama Naya Daur (1957) and the comedy Aasha (1957). Her roles in the social drama Sadhna (1958) and the paranormal romance Madhumati (1958), each earned her a nomination for the Filmfare Awards for Best Actress
, winning for the former.

In the 1960s, the

Suraj (1966), the heist film Jewel Thief (1967), the art film Hatey Bazarey (1967), the action drama Sunghursh (1968) and the epic film Prince
(1969).

In 1968, she was awarded the

Bharata Natyam, a form of Indian classical dance, and was later given the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, the highest Indian recognition given to practising artists. In 2024, she was awarded the Padma Vibhushan
by the Government of India. This is the second-highest civilian honor.

Background and personal life

Mangama Sabatham was the first Tamil film to be declared a "colossal" hit at the box office.[5]

At the age of 7, Vyjayanthimala was chosen to perform a classical Indian dance for

Bharatnatyam from Guru Vazhuvoor Ramiah Pillai and Carnatic music from Manakkal Sivaraja Iyer. She had her arangetram at the age of 13 and started performing in Tamil Nadu later.[7] Her maternal uncle is Y. G. Parthasarathy
. In 1938, her grandfather, Mandyam Dhati Gopalacharya, started a nursing home on Narayan Shastri Road, Mysore.

Relationships

In her heyday, Vyjayanthimala was the subject of many controversies, particularly for her misconstrued relationships with her co-stars. In the late 1950s, Vyjayanthimala was linked by gossip magazines with Dilip Kumar, who has acted with her the most compared to any other actress, which resulted in great on-screen chemistry between them. While working for his home production Gunga Jumna (1961), Kumar reportedly handpicked the shade of sari that Vyjayanthimala would wear in every scene.[8] In the early 1960s, actor Raj Kapoor had commenced the filming of Sangam with Vyjayanthimala playing the female lead along with Rajendra Kumar and Kapoor himself as the male lead. The filming took four years to finish. During this time Vyjayanthimala is said to have been romantically involved with Kapoor and almost married him. Initially, she was vexed with him and kept him at a distance. However, Kapoor did not give up over her attitude. However, Vyjayanthimala in her autobiography mentioned that it was a publicity stunt by newspapers in North India to link her with Raj Kapoor and that she was never in any relationship with him.

Vyjayanthimala married the already married Chamanlal Bali, a

Arya Samaji from Delhi but lived in Anna Salai, Chennai in 1968. After marriage, she gave up her acting career and moved to Chennai. However, between 1968 and 1970, she shot for those films which she had signed before her marriage, such as Pyar Hi Pyar, Prince and Ganwaar. They have a son, Suchindra Bali
. In 2007, she published her autobiography, titled Bonding, with Jyoti Sabarwal as a co-writer.

Religious views

Vyjayanthimala is a devout

Goddess Saraswati before any public performance to gain her blessing.[9] In February 2024, at age 90, she took part in Raag Sewa performance series at Ram Mandir, Ayodhya, with a Bharatnatyam dance recital, and its video soon became viral on social media. [13][14]

Acting career

1949-1954: Early success in South Indian films

When director

Bharat Bhushan, while Vyjayanthimala, along with Anjali Devi, reprised her role from the original film. Her performance was described by Upperstall.com as, "Vyjayanthimala's dances are the film's saving grace although it is unintentionally funny now to see how deliberate and obviously tacky the sequences are which lead into her dances... Ladki too makes no real demands on "feminist" tomboy Vyjayanthimala histrionically".[24] The film emerged as the second highest-grossing film of 1953.[25]

In 1954, Vyjayanthimala acted in the romance

Kannada cinema through a film called Asha Nirasha which was produced by G. D. Venkatram.[30] The film had Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle and Mohammed Rafi as the playback singers,[30] but the film was unreleased,[31] though the producer's son Srikant Venkatram claimed that the film was released and flopped miserably at box office which made the film obscure.[30]

1955-1957: Devdas and breakthrough

magnum opus

In 1955, Vyjayanthimala acted in five Hindi films. The first one was director

Hindi films.[36] Subsequently, the same role was listed in The Times of India's "10 Celluloid Hookers You Loved" at number six by Nikhat Kazmi.[37] Though the film was critically successful, it did not garner much support at the box-office and ended up as the tenth highest-grossing film of the year with an average verdict.[38]

After being recognised as a capable actress with Devdas, Vyjayanthimala acted in successful movies in 1956, namely Taj, Patrani and Anjaan: Somewhere in Delhi – all three films with Pradeep Kumar as the hero and Kismet Ka Khel with Sunil Dutt. In the same year, she also acted in swashbuckler film Devta, which was a remake of the hugely successful Tamil film Kanavaney Kankanda Deivam.[39] Surprisingly though, she accepted a supporting role as a vamp which was originally done by Lalitha in the Tamil version. However, according to Upperstall.com, her role was very crucial in the film and her portrayal as the Naag Rani accompanied by her dance is the main attraction of the film.[40] Also starring in the movie, reprising their lead roles from the original, were Gemini Ganesan and Anjali Devi.[39] Meanwhile, she was signed by Sohrab Modi for his film Rajhath opposite Pradeep Kumar. However, due to her scheduling problems she was replaced by Madhubala.[41]

Vyjayanthimala then acted with

Tamil girl, played by Vyjayanthimala. Her performance was applauded by fans and critics alike; a review on Upperstall.com regarding her performance in the film states that: "Vyjayanthimala proves to be the perfect foil for Kishore Kumar...has always had the mandatory dance sequence in practically every film of hers evoking "classical art" associations. She excels in the two main dances in New Delhi – the solo Bharatnatayam Aliruppu number and the Bhangra folk dance in her Punjabi avatar and she is absolutely brilliant in the Bhangra folk dance...in her second avatar. Even Vyjayanthimala played a Punjabi girl and most successfully too".[43] Subsequently, she did a Tamil film called Marma Veeran, along with Sriram, Rajasulochana, M. N. Rajam, J. P. Chandrababu and V. Nagayya. The film had some of the South Indian established actors such as N. T. Rama Rao, Sivaji Ganesan and Gemini Ganesan in a guest appearance.

Vyjayanthimala opposite Dilip Kumar in Naya Daur
(1957)

In 1957, director

matinee idol.[56]

1958-1959: Madhumati, Sadhna and continued acclaim

Vyjayanthimala starred with actor Dilip Kumar in Madhumati (1958)

The following year proved to be very successful for Vyjayanthimala, since she signed opposite

Amar Deep, where she was paired against Dev Anand for the first time.[75] A production of Sivaji Ganesan's Sivaji Productions, the film was a remake of 1956 Tamil film Amara Deepam, which had Ganesan himself in the lead.[76] Along with Padmini, who reprised her role from the original,[77] Vyjayanthimala plays the role of Aruna which was originally performed by actress Savitri in Tamil.[78]
Her other releases of 1958 Sitaroan Ke Aage and Piya Milan became average successes.

In 2011, in conjunction with actor Dev Anand's death, Vyjayanthimala recollected her memories during the filming in

died in vain.[88] Upon release Paigham became second highest-grossing film of 1959 with the verdict of a box office hit.[89] The same year she did a Tamil film Athisaya Penn, where she co-starred with Telugu actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao for the first time. Athisaya Penn was a remake of Aasha
, which again was directed by M. V. Raman. She acted opposite Pradeep Kumar in the romantic film Jawani Ki Hawa in 1959.

1960-1964: Return to South Indian cinema and fluctuations

In 1960, Vyjayanthimala mostly concentrated on Tamil films to keep in touch with the industry.

Vasunthara Devi reprised their roles from the original with S. V. Ranga Rao in Motilal's role and K. A. Thangavelu in Raaj Kumar's character.[92] The film was followed by Raja Bakthi, again with Sivaji Ganesan. Raja Bakthi had huge ensemble cast featuring P. Bhanumathi, Padmini, T. S. Balaiah and E. V. Saroja. Her subsequent release was D. Yoganand's magnum opus Parthiban Kanavu. Co-starring Gemini Ganesan for the third time and B. Saroja Devi for the second time, the film was based on Kalki Krishnamurthy's 1942 novel with the same name.[80] Apart from Tamil, the film was produced in Telugu and Sinhala languages.[93] Upon release the film met with positive response from the critics and was awarded the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 8th National Film Awards.[94] However, the film did not fare well at the box office, but Vyjayanthimala's performance was appreciated by critics.[95] She also acted opposite M. G. Ramachandran for the first time in Baghdad Thirudan.[96] Meanwhile, she did a Hindi film titled College Girl opposite Shammi Kapoor, which fared average at the box office and was declared as the eighteenth highest-grossing film of the year.[97]

Following successful re-entry in Tamil cinema, Vyjayanthimala then signed

Rediff said that: "Gunga Jumna deployed several crowd-pleasing elements...most of all, an enchanting relationship between Dilip Kumar and Vyjayanthimala... Their characterisation ran so deep, which helped Dilip Kumar and Vyjayanthimala give magnetic performances. Dilip is of course a thespian, but Vyjayanthimala is a revelation"; while K. K. Rai from Stardust applauded her performance by adding "Vyjayanthimala played the village woman with such simplicity and grace; you’d forget she was one of the most glamorous stars of her time. She also spoke the Bhojpuri dialect like a native".[99][100] Critics praised Vyjayanthimala for her ability to master the Bhojpuri dialect despite her South Indian upbringing. Subsequently, the film enjoyed huge success at the box office across India. At the end of its theatrical run, the film grossed around ₹ 70,000,000 with a net gross of ₹35,000,000 and a verdict of a blockbuster.[101] The film was the Highest-grossing film of 1961, and was the third highest grossing Hindi film of the decade behind Mughal-e-Azam and Sangam, another Kumar and Vyjayanthimala starrer respectively.[102] The film was ranked second by Boxofficeindia.co.in behind Mughal-e-Azam in their list of "Top 50 Film of Last 50 Years", which features all-time highest grossing Hindi films by using the relative price of gold in different years to arrive at a hypothetical current value of box office collections of past films for its adjustment to inflation rate. ₹7.36 billion (US$92 million).[103] For her performance, Vyjayanthimala was awarded with the Filmfare Award for Best Actress trophy at the 9th Filmfare Awards.[104] In addition to that, she also won her first ever Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards in the Best Actress category.[105]

In the same year, she starred in

Chittoor Rani Padmini. Written by C. V. Sridhar and directed by Chitrapu Narayana Rao, the film proved to be a box office failure, however, her performance was critically acclaimed. The same year Bimal Roy who earlier worked with her in Devdas and Madhumati offered her the lead role in Bandini opposite Ashok Kumar and Dharmendra.[114] However, Vyjayanthimala could not accept the role due to her busy schedule.[115] Boxofficeindia.com ranked Vyjayanthimala at the top spot in their list of "Top Three Successful Box Office Actress" of 1962 and 1963 respectively, despite her box office failures.[29]

Following a two-year

Rediff describes Vyjayanthimala as "recalcitrant" which annoyed Kumar.[129] The film was followed by Gemini Film's Zindagi, directed by Ramanand Sagar. A female-centric film, it features Vyjayanthimala alongside Rajendra Kumar, Raaj Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor.[130] Zindagi became a success at the box office, where it celebrated a silver jubilee theatrical run and was the fourth highest-grossing film of that year with a verdict of "hit".[123][131] Soon she signed for Anjali Pictures' Phoolon Ki Sej, with Ashok Kumar and Manoj Kumar, and this became her third consecutive hit of the year. Her last release in 1964 was Ishaara, in which she co-starred with actor Joy Mukherjee for the first time, and her performance ensured that the film was a box office success.[132]

1965-1970: Later successes and retirement

In 1965, Vyjayanthimala starred in two commercial disappointments; Naya Kanoon, with

Hemanta Mukherjee received praise, where it was described as a "pleasant surprise" in the same review.[145] Hatey Bazarey was also received well commercially and was one of the most successful Bengali films of the 1960s.[145]

In 1968, Vyjayanthimala appeared in three big budget films with high-profile actors such as Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand and Rajendra Kumar. Her first release of the year was Sunghursh, directed by Harnam Singh Rawail. She co-starred with Dilip Kumar for the seventh and final time in her career, with Balraj Sahni and Sanjeev Kumar in key roles. Originally offered to actress Sadhana, the role later went to Vyjayanthimala as the former suffered with her thyroid problem.[146] Reportedly she did not exchange a word with Kumar while filming, since their relationship broke up.[147] For Vyjayanthimala's enactment of a courtesan, Laila-e-Aasma, she received positive feedback from the critics. Anuj Kumar from The Hindu said that: "Vyjayanthimala is graceful as ever. In a film dominated by men, Rawail made sure she had a substantial role. Her dances and Naushad's lilting tunes come as a welcome break to the sinewy tone imparted by Abrar Alvi and Gulzar's dialogues".[148] The role fetched her the Best Hindi Actress Award at 25th Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards.[149] Sunghursh was followed by Saathi, directed by C. V. Sridhar. A remake of the highly acclaimed Tamil film of 1961, Palum Pazhamum, the film had Rajendra Kumar and Simi Garewal replacing Sivaji Ganesan and Sowcar Janaki respectively from the Tamil version with Vyjyanthimala enacting the role originally portrayed by B. Saroja Devi.[150] The same year she co-starred with Dev Anand for the third and last time in T. Prakash Rao's Duniya.[151] Duniya, Saathi and Sunghursh were named as tenth, eleventh and twelfth highest-grossing film of 1968 respectively, with the first two labelled as average while the latter only managed to do above average business at the box office.[152] On the other hand, Duniya is considered a hit film by some critics and often included in the hit film list of Dev Anand.[151] In 1969, she was the first Indian dancer to perform at the United Nations General Assembly to commemorate the 21st anniversary of the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Vyjayanthimala in 2012.

After her retirement from films, Vyjayanthimala was offered many roles by big banners opposite leading actors of that time. But she refused all those offers as she did not want to make a comeback. In 1968, she was signed opposite

Rediff commented that "good money and pivotal roles notwithstanding...did not seem alluring enough".[32]
All her films released from 1969; Pyar Hi Pyar, Prince and Ganwaar, became huge box office successes. Ganwaar was her last Hindi film.

Political career

Vyjayanthimala's political career was initiated in 1984 when she contested in

directly elected lower house of the Parliament of India by the end of January 1985 with Amitabh Bachchan.[159]

In 1989, Vyjayanthimala again had to face the

1989 Tamil Nadu general election, this time she was opposed by Aladi Aruna of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.[158] She again beat her opposition by nearly 12584  votes.[158] Later in 1993, she was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India for a six-year term.[9] In 1999, she resigned from the primary membership of the Indian National Congress party.[160] In her letter to the party's president Sonia Gandhi, she included the reason for her resignation where she said that: "painfully watching the party drifting from its avowed principles after the death of Rajiv Gandhi, the party has lost touch with its grassroots and one can see day in and day out that sincere party workers are being steadily ignored." she adds more; "increasingly difficult to justify ourselves to the public and my conscience does not allow me to stay in the party any longer".[160][161] Later, she joined the Bharatiya Janata Party on 6 September 1999.[162][163]

Legacy

Vyjayanthimala in 2011

Vyjayanthimala is regarded as one of the greatest actress of

Outlook India's "75 Best Bollywood Actresses" list.[165] One of the highest paid actress of the 1950s and 1960s, Vyjayanthimala appeared in Box Office India's "Top Actresses" list from 1954 to 1967, and topped the list for six years (1958-1959, 1961-1964).[166] Arushi Jain of The Indian Express called her the "first female superstar" of the Indian cinema and added that she ruled three industries, being the first "pan-India" star.[167] In 2007, Vyjayanthimala released her memoir, titled, "Bonding... A Memoir".[168]

Filmography

Further information: Vyjayanthimala filmography

Accolades

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Vyjayanthimala

See also

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