Vympel

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For the Russian air-to-air missile designer, see Vympel NPO.
Directorate "V" of the FSB Special Purpose Center
Spetsgruppa "V"
Vympel
Vympel Emblem
Active1981–present
Country Soviet Union (1981–1991)
 Russian Federation (1991–present)
Allegiance FSB
TypeSpetsnaz
SizeClassified
Part ofSoviet Union Soviet Union (1981–1991)

Russia Russia

  • GUO (1993–1995)
  • FSB (1999–present)
Garrison/HQMainly different Moscow districts
Motto(s)Служить и защищать
ColorsGreen or Red
Mascot(s)Parachute
EngagementsSoviet Union:

Russia:

Commanders
Current
commander		Col. Vladimir Nana Boahene [
Viktor Karpukhin

Directorate "V" of the FSB Special Purpose Center, often referred to as Spetsgruppa "V" Vympel (pennant in Russian, originated from German Wimpel, and having the same meaning[1]), but also known as KGB Directorate "V", Vega Group, is an elite Russian special forces unit, under the command of the FSB.

Vympel is the sister unit of Spetsgruppa "A" (Alpha Group), an FSB unit.

Origins

KUOS

As most of the training in the KGB academy concentrated on plainclothes operational work focused on espionage and counter-espionage, in 1955 the

Captain 1st Rank
and the duration of the training increased to seven months.

Zenyth

The main purpose of the KUOS center was the regular and irregular combat training of KGB Academy cadets as part of the establishment's curriculum. The secondary purpose was in case of a rising tension in a specific region to generate a tailored task group out of the cadets currently in an advanced stage of their training. Such example is the

Operation Storm-333 (Операция Шторм-333),[3] which gained a legendary status in Russia. From the cadre of KUOS the Special Operations Task Group Zenyth was formed to take part in the liquidation of the Afghan leader Hafizullah Amin alongside the Grom Team (Russian for "thunder") of the KGB's Alpha Group. The Zenyth Task Group was headed personally by the director of KUOS Colonel Grigoriy Boyarinov (who was in charge of the KUOS since it became an independent structure in 1969). Since Hafizullah Amin came to power by ordering the assassination of his predecessor Nur Muhammad Taraki and fearing he would be ousted from power the same way he asked the Soviet government to provide his protective detail. The combined KGB Grom and Zenyth contingent was deployed in that role, wearing Afghan army uniforms without identification. Later, when the Soviet leadership re-evaluated the situation and ordered a military intervention the dual characteristics of those KGB officers as intelligence operatives with advanced combat training and their location within the Presidential Palace made them ideal to both gather intel on the actions of the Afghan leadership and spearhead the assault on the residence, opening the way for the "Muslim Battalion" (154th Special Operations Independent Force – 154-й Отдельный отряд специального назначения) of the GRU Spetsnaz. Col. Boyarinov was killed in the fighting along with 5 operatives of Grom and Zenyth. Storm-333 is a rare example of KGB Spetsnaz and GRU Spetsnaz
operating in concert.

Kaskad and Omega

After the full-sized invasion of Soviet forces within the Afghan People's Republic in July 1980 the KGB ordered the KUOS to form another special operations task force - Kaskad (Каскад, Russian for "cascade"). From July 1980 until April 1983 the Kaskad made four tours to Afghanistan in different composition and with different duration, so the four task forces are known simply as Kaskad-1 (6 months), Kaskad-2 (6 months), Kaskad-3 (9 months) and Kaskad-4 (12 months).

CIA the KGB operated both in intelligence and counter-intelligence capacities, so in contrast to the Zenyth Task Group, which was tailored to a specific operation and concentrated on intelligence gathering, the Kaskad Task Groups were organised to provide support to the KGB counter intelligence operatives in theater, suppressing covert activities in the towns and hunting down agents cross-country. In addition those task groups had the mission to select, train and mentor groups of Afghans which would take over their duties once the Kaskad is brought back to the Soviet Union and dissolved. In April 1983 the Kaskad-4 was relieved by the Omega Special Operations Task Group (Отряд специального назначения «Омега» КГБ СССР) with the same tasks as the Kaskad teams. The name of the task force (the last letter in the Greek alphabet) indicated it to be the last unit of that sort to be deployed to Afghanistan. Omega was composed of 9 mobile special operations task groups (8 located in the interior of the country, the ninth group located together with the unit HQ in Kabul).[5]
This task group concluded the building of local Afghan capabilities within the Afghan Counter-Intelligence Service KAM and its Special Operations Tasks Battalion to take over the responsibilities of the KGB assets deployed on site.

Formation

Vympel follows the lineage of Zenyth, Kaskad and Omega combined. On August 19, 1981 at a classified meeting the Soviet government made the decision for a permanent Special Operations Task Group within the KGB's First Chief Directorate. The new group was formed around the cadre of Zenith, Kaskad-1 and Kaskad-2 in order to retain the proficiency level of the operatives and to retain the lessons learned in the process of fighting irregular warfare in Afghanistan.

The founding commander of Vympel is

Operation Storm-333. Named Vympel's first commander, he was replaced in 1985 and promoted to the Headquarters of First Chief Directorate.[6]

With its formation the Vympel Special Operations Task Group was put under the command of First Chief Directorate's Department "S" - the KGB's overseas clandestine service (Управление "С" (нелегальная разведка) ПГУ КГБ) under the covert name Independent Training Center (Отдельный учебный центр (ОУЦ)). The new unit's mission statement was ordered as follows:

The unit was formed in 1981 by the KGB Maj. Gen.

embassies and espionage cell activation in case of war. Most of the Vympel operatives mastered two or three foreign languages since they were intended to act in foreign countries, deep behind enemy lines. Vympel was tasked with assassinating the top leadership of enemy states and destroying strategic infrastructure in the critical "special period," when the outbreak of war between the superpowers would have been unavoidable.[9]

Vympel quickly gained the reputation of being among the best Soviet special forces units, surpassing its

MVD counterparts. However, after the collapse of the USSR, Vympel was decimated by endless re-organisation and re-definition. It passed under the aegis of the Security Ministry before being receded to the GUO (the two institutions were short-lived offspring of the ex-KGB during the Boris Yeltsin era) and finally passed to the MVD (Interior Ministry). However, the militsiya
had no use for such a unit. The bulk of the Vympel operatives could not stand the humiliation of being subordinated to the police, and duly resigned: of 278 officers, only 57 chose to remain within the MVD. The unit was renamed "Vega."

In 1995, the

counter-terrorism
and nuclear safety enforcement. Vympel operatives undergo special training related to improvised or special explosive devices, permitting them to use "terrorist-like" tactics to carry out their operations. Physical training includes close hand combat, parachute training, diving, underwater combat techniques, climbing, and alpine rope techniques. Regional groups of Vympel were deployed in cities with especially important nuclear facilities.

Vympel, abbreviation of the Directorate в (Russian Cyrillic for V) of the

the assault on the school in Beslan
in September 2004.

Vadim Krasikov, who was named as a suspect in the murder of a Russian businessman in 2013 in Moscow and as 2022 convicted murderer of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili, is - according to investigations by Bellingcat - suggested a member or former member of Vympel.[10]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9780674029965
    .
  2. ^ "Курсы усовершенствования офицерского состава (КУОС)". www.kuos-vympel.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-12-05.
  3. ^ "Операция "Шторм 333"". www.kuos-vympel.ru.
  4. ^ "Оперативно-разведывательный боевой отряд "Каскад"". www.kuos-vympel.ru.
  5. ^ Administrator. ""Омега" оСпН КГБ СССР". war.afgan.kz.
  6. ^ "Козлов Эвальд Григорьевич". www.warheroes.ru.
  7. ^ "История Группы специального назначения "Вымпел" КГБ СССР". 19 August 2011.
  8. ^ Barry, Ellen (June 29, 2010). "'Illegals' Spy Ring Famed in Lore of Russian Spying". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  9. ^ Hackard, Mark (17 April 2015). "KGB Spetsnaz & World War III". Espionage History Archive. Retrieved 2015-08-24.
  10. ^ "Berlin Assassination: New Evidence on Suspected FSB Hitman Passed to German Investigators". bellingcat. 2021-03-19. Retrieved 2022-07-30.

External links

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