Węgorzewo

Coordinates: 54°13′N 21°45′E / 54.217°N 21.750°E / 54.217; 21.750
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other places with the same name, see Węgorzewo (disambiguation).
Węgorzewo
Marina in Węgorzewo
Saints Peter and Paul church
Ethnographic Park
  • From top, left to right: A marina in Węgorzewo
  • Saints Peter and Paul church
  • Ethnographic Park
Car plates
NWE
National roads
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://www.wegorzewo.pl

Węgorzewo

Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and is located not far from the border with Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast. Lake Mamry
is close to the town.

Etymology

The town's names in different languages are derived from local names for

Old Prussian word for eel, Anger, which the German Teutonic Knights appropriated after conquering the Old Prussians. The Polish name Węgorzewo (and the older Węgobork) is derived from Węgorz, while the local Lithuanian
names Ungura and Unguris comes from Ungurys. A Lithuanian variation is Angerburgas.

History

Beginnings

The town was first mentioned in a 1335 chronicle as Angirburg, or "eel castle", a settlement of the

Teutonic Knights with a block house, a palisade, and a watchtower. A 1341 document reported that the Teutonic Order had bestowed land on the river Angerapp (Angrapa) upon twelve Old Prussians for their loyal service. The Grand Duke of Lithuania, Kęstutis, destroyed the castle in 1365, although it was rebuilt in 1398.[1]
The completion of the stone castle Angerburg allowed the Teutonic Knights to increase development of the surrounding countryside.

Polish suzerainty

Węgobork/Angerburg in 1684

In 1454, the region was incorporated by King

town rights in 1571.[1] The Polish inhabitants called the city by its Polish name Węgobork. A large part of the town was destroyed by a fire in 1608, including a wooden church and the 20-year-old town hall
.

Being situated in

Swedish-Polish Wars, attacks by the Tatars, and plague epidemics, the last outbreak of which occurred in 1710 and claimed 1,111 victims.[4] To help repopulate the town, 48 people from Salzburg, Austria
were resettled here in 1732. The Lithuanian minority diminished after the 16th and 17th centuries, while Poles still formed the majority of the district's population in the early 19th century (52% in 1825).

Kingdom of Prussia

Angerburg became part of the

water supply system was built in 1740 by Jan Władysław Suchodolec.[5] Angerburg had approximately 1,800 inhabitants at this time. Its inhabitants suffered from warfare, however, as Angerburg was occupied by Russian troops during the Seven Years' War. During the Napoleonic Wars, typhus was brought by Russian troops and the town was plundered by French and Polish
troops.

King Stanisław Leszczyński of Poland stopped in the castle in March and May 1736.[5]

Angerburg was included in the Prussian province of

Polish secret resistance was active and smuggled weapons through the town to the Russian Partition of Poland during the January Uprising.[9] In November 1864, local resistance leader Albert Mahler was arrested by the Prussians.[10]

The canalization of the Angerapp and the expansion of the harbor in 1856 allowed business to expand, and the garrison left the town in 1858. The district court and the office of the public prosecutor moved from Angerburg to Lyck (Ełk) after the Kreistag, or district parliament, hindered the connection of the town to developing road network and railways. Four annual fairs and two weekly markets were held in the town in the late 19th century.[1] Angerburg was first connected to the railroad network in 1898, allowing it to develop into a trade center. The town became especially known for its Behindertenanstalt Bethesda, an institute for those with mental retardation.

World Wars

Aerial view of the town in the early 20th century

Angerburg became a garrison town again after the outbreak of World War I (1914–18), when it had a population of 5,800 inhabitants. The German-Russian military cemetery Jägerhöhe was located nearby. The war did not impact the town greatly, and Angerburg grew through new housing developments afterwards. Angerburg also began to develop through tourism after the opening of the Angerapp to regular navigation. At the beginning of the Third Reich, the town had a population of 7,700 which profited from a local cavalry regiment. Through incorporation of neighboring communities, Angerburg expanded to include 10,922 inhabitants in 1939.

Like the rest of East Prussia, Angerburg was initially only indirectly affected by World War II (1939–45), such as casualties of war and supply shortages. This situation changed as the eastern front grew near during the winter of 1944-45. Unlike the neighboring town of Gołdap to the east, Angerburg was not involved in fighting, but was given up by the Wehrmacht as the Soviet Red Army advanced. After the Red Army reached Elbing (Elbląg) and cut off East Prussia from the rest of Germany, the citizens of Angerburg were forced to evacuate the province by traveling across the Vistula Lagoon or to Pillau. The Red Army reached Angerburg on January 25, 1945 and destroyed much of the town; only a few buildings remained of the old town center.

Modern Poland

Under the terms of the post-war Potsdam Conference, the town became again part of Poland and was renamed Węgorzewo.

Węgorzewo initially suffered economically after the fall of the Iron Curtain and the Revolutions of 1989, but has become a popular tourist site in the Masurian Lake District. The town is famous for the music festivals which take place in summertime, including a rock festival, a sailors' song festival, and a poetic song festival.

Notable residents

Angrapa River

International relations

Town Hall
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Węgorzewo is a member of Cittaslow.

Twin towns — Sister cities

Węgorzewo is

twinned
with:

References

  1. ^ a b c Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XIII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1893. p. 255.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 54.
  3. ^ Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
  4. ISBN 83-7383-067-7
    .
  5. ^ a b c Pod Jelonkiem, numer 1/2006, p. 7 (in Polish)
  6. ^ von Haxthausen, August (1839). Die ländliche verfassung in den einzelnen provinzen der Preussischen Monarchie (in German). Königsberg: Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. pp. 78–81.
  7. ^ Jasiński, Grzegorz (2009). "Statystyki językowe powiatów mazurskich z pierwszej połowy XIX wieku (do 1862 roku)" (PDF). Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie (in Polish). 1: 97–130 – via BazHum.
  8. ^ Belzyt, Leszek (1996). "Zur Frage des nationalen Bewußtseins der Masuren im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (auf der Basis statistischer Angaben)". Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung (in German). Bd. 45, Nr. 1: 35–71 – via zfo-online.
  9. ^ Groniewska, Barbara (1960). "Rola Prus Wschodnich w powstaniu styczniowym". Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie (in Polish). No. 1. p. 22.
  10. ^ Groniewska, p. 40

External links

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