WCPN

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This article is about the Cleveland market radio station which has identified as WCPN since 2022. For the radio station that identified as WCPN from 1984 to 2022, see WCLV.
Not to be confused with the 1933 film Footlight Parade.

WCPN
FCC
Facility ID70109
ClassA
ERP6,000 watts
HAAT97.41 meters (320 ft)
Transmitter coordinates
41°28′32.2″N 81°59′23.5″W / 41.475611°N 81.989861°W / 41.475611; -81.989861 (WCPN)
Links
Public license information
Webcast
Websitewww.wksu.org

WCPN (104.9

public radio format as a repeater of Kent–licensed WKSU. Owned by Ideastream Public Media, the station serves the western portion of Greater Cleveland and parts of surrounding Northeast Ohio. By virtue of WKSU, studios are located at Playhouse Square in Downtown Cleveland,[3] while WCPN's transmitter resides in the Cleveland suburb of Avon. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WCPN broadcasts over four HD Radio
channels and streams online.

Signing on in 1975 under the WZLE call sign, the station originally focused on

Salem Communications and WCLV (95.5 FM) owner Radio Seaway on July 3, 2001, resulted in 104.9 FM becoming the second home of WCLV and its classical music format. Converted to non-commercial status and donated to Ideastream in 2013, WCLV's programming and call letters moved to 90.3 FM
on March 28, 2022; in turn, this station became a full-power satellite of co-managed WKSU, bearing the WCPN calls.

History

WZLE

The current 104.9 FM license was borne out of a contested bidding process that lasted five years. Lake Erie Broadcasting, a group headed by Harold E. "Gene" Sens[4] (vice president/general manager for Sandusky's WLEC and a staffer for that station since 1960)[5] filed paperwork with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on December 6, 1969.[6] Lorain Community Broadcasting, owners of WLRO (1380 AM), filed a competing application at the same time,[7] prompting an FCC comparative hearing on April 14, 1971.[6] The FCC ruled in favor of Sens's group, and after losing on appeal to an FCC review board, Lorain Community withdrew their bid on November 6, 1974.[7] Taking the WZLE calls and committing to studios at the Sheffield Shopping Center and a 280-foot (85 m) tower on an adjacent road, both in Sheffield Township, Sens promised the station would feature a full-service format with music "geared for 'adults and young adults".[5] Sens relinquished his WLEC duties several weeks prior to WZLE's launch.[8]

WZLE took to the air at 1 p.m. on July 25, 1975, with a broadcast schedule running from 5:25 a.m. to midnight.

WJKW-TV news anchor Jim Hale joined WZLE as an announcer and newscaster on November 23, 1977.[16][17] By 1978, WZLE broadcast around-the-clock.[13]

Sens considered WZLE's community service commitments to be "of utmost importance in my mind... we're not just a Lorain station, but our main obligation is to Lorain and Elyria residents".[13] Public service fare even included a Sunday night discussion show devoted to senior citizens, one of the first of its kind in the country.[18] The station hired former WOBL personality Scott Miller for evenings on March 17, 1980, after a publicity stunt where he held himself "hostage" in the WOBL studio to relate with the hostages at the U.S. embassy in Iran.[19][20] The stunt lasted for 50 days; WOBL owner Harry Wilbur fired Miller afterwards, while the FCC investigated him for possible improprieties with soliciting money on-air.[21] Miller's show broke format as he focused on country music and talk[19] causing WZLE to drop their ongoing high school basketball playoff coverage as it conflicted with his show.[22] By that July, area sportscaster Jim Allen Popiel moved his daily high school sports show from WLRO to WZLE.[23] Coinciding with the changes, WZLE rebranded as "Z-105" while retaining the "mellow gold" descriptor.[24] By the fall of 1982, WOBL ceased high school sports coverage due to an ongoing recession impacting WOBL's audience more than WZLE or WEOL.[25]

On April 15, 1983, WZLE was purchased by the Lorain Christian Broadcasting Company

Dr. James Dobson, Dr. Charles Swindoll and Marlin Maddoux.[31] Among the programs added was The Hour of Comfort with Rev. Daniel Buser, which had recently been dropped from WEOL's schedule.[32] Len Howser joined the station as operations manager and morning host and attracted attention when leading a campaign along with the station protesting the 1988 religious drama The Last Temptation of Christ due to its "morally and ethically wrong" content.[33]

real estate developer Jon R. Veard the following year.[35] When that purchase was approved, WZLE moved to WRKG's facilities at the Antlers Hotel in Lorain's downtown that Veard also owned,[36][37] though Victory Radio head Vernon Baldwin also considered building a new facility for both stations.[38] WRKG also changed format from adult standards to a mixture of southern gospel and Hispanic programming to align themselves further with WZLE.[39] The station's satellite dish was heavily damaged by vandals twice during a nine-month span in 1991; Howser suggested the vandalism was possibly caused by people opposed to Maddoux's satellite-delivered program Point of View and his outspoken support for Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas.[40]

Under Victory ownership, a new 450-foot (140 m) tower was activated in early 1991, 50 percent taller than the prior tower and extending the station's signal range by 8–10

volunteer Jerome G. "J The Gospel Kid" Williams.[46] John Palmer hosted Planet Palmer, a Saturday night program devoted to harder-edged Christian rock.[47] High school sports coverage continued to be featured, particularly with the Southwestern Conference.[39] A Friday night sports talk show hosted by former Cleveland Brown punter Bryan Wagner was added in 1996.[48] Len Howser added Patty Sutter and Palmer as co-hosts for a full-service morning show, using it as a way to introduce the Christian contemporary format to listeners.[44] Howser referred to the station's overall success in Lorain County as a "killer phenomenon".[39]

Rumors emerged in 1997 that

Clear Channel Communications) on December 22, 1998, joining a Greater Cleveland cluster of four FM stations and one AM station.[50] After the deal closed, Jacor management committed to keeping the Christian format in place.[51] Still, rumors persisted of a format change, possibly to country music, while Howser said, "... they (Jacor) gave me the reins to treat the station as my own and told me to use good judgement."[50]

WAKS

Not to be confused with Cleveland market radio station WAKS.

When we would meet people in public, it was like we had spent the morning together in the same room talking the whole morning. As I talk with listeners since we went off the air, I sense a deep void. This was something people identified with. It brought something positive, hope-filled and faith-filled into their lives.

Len Howser, former WZLE personality[44]

Precipitated by

car radio to WZLE along with her children and hearing Prince's "Erotic City", telling the Morning Journal, "I feel cheated, ripped off and heartbroken... I'm just devastated."[53] Former WZLE personality John Palmer fielded 200 phone calls from affected listeners on the day of the format switch.[54] One employee answering the station's office phone commented to the Journal, "it's big city radio now".[53] A contest conducted shortly after the switch went awry when 200 Cedar Point tickets promised to winners went missing; as multiple office keys at the Antlers facilities were unaccounted for, sabotage among former employees was implied.[55] WZLE's studios were ultimately moved to Downtown Cleveland in the Tower City Center's Skylight Office Tower, already housing co-owned WMMS and WMVX,[52] and the playlist was assisted in part from WNCI in Columbus.[56]

WZLE's format change took place several days after

Plain Dealer critic Tom Feran as "little more than cyberstations programmed from out of town"),[58] an airstaff was gradually assembled. Dan Mason, Jr. was hired as program director and afternoon host in early November 1999;[60] Mason was the son of eventual CBS Radio executive Dan Mason.[61] Mike Kasper[62] was added in March 2000 as music director and evening host.[63] Mornings were hosted by KIIS-FM afternoon host Sean Valentine via voice-tracking with the majority of segments recorded from his KIIS show; this practice was used at other Clear Channel-owned "KISS-FM" stations.[64]

Despite WAKS's limited signal, the station showed immediate promise: the Summer 1999

construction permit for the move on July 3, 2000.[68]

2001 "frequency swap"

For more information on the July 3, 2001, exchange involving seven Northeast Ohio radio stations, see 2001 in radio.

We could have sold (WCLV (95.5 FM)) for millions and millions and millions and millions of dollars... (but) we feel that the radio station is very important to the community. It contributes to the quality of life. It's a major conduit for the arts organizations to their constituencies.

Robert Conrad[69]

WAKS was one of seven

adult contemporary-formatted WKDD; in turn, WKDD's format and calls would move to the 98.1 FM facility.[71]

Painesville's WBKC.[75] The asset deals behind this "frequency swap" were all consummated on July 3, 2001, with WAKS changing format from CHR to classical and call sign to WCLV-FM, bringing over the former WCLV (95.5 FM)'s format intact and retaining all on- and off-air staff.[76][77] The "new" WCLV-FM also continued production of 27 programs nationally syndicated by Radio Seaway, including Cleveland Orchestra radio broadcasts.[78]

WCLV

When the Browns left town (in 1996), so what? But if WCLV had left, that would have been a great blow to me.

Frank Gerklak, longtime WCLV listener after the move to 104.9 FM[78]

The non-profit organization established to operate WCLV-FM—the WCLV Foundation—was modeled in part on the foundation established after Patsy Bullitt Collins divested KING-FM to a consortium consisting of the Seattle Symphony, Seattle Opera and ArtsFund in 1994.[78] The structure of the WCLV Foundation allowed WCLV to continue operating with a classical format and use its "excess profits" to fund local arts organizations: the Cleveland Orchestra, the Cleveland Institute of Music, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Play House, and The Cleveland Foundation.[70] Cleveland Foundation president Steven Minter praised the WCLV Foundation as "generous and farsighted" and pledged to use any annual proceeds for future grant distribution.[78] On November 1, 2001, Radio Seaway donated WCLV-FM's license to the Foundation but handled day-to-day operations, while retaining and operating WCLV (AM) outright.[78] Maintaining the adult standards format, the AM outlet was renamed WRMR on January 1, 2003, and then repurchased by Salem Communications on July 7, 2004, for $10 million.[79]

Map
Grade A signal contours for 104.9 FM (blue), located in
public radio and classical format, began advertising towards affected listeners particularly in areas where WCLV-FM's signal was the weakest, but otherwise considered WCLV a "kindred spirit".[80]

WCLV's ratings dropped by 20 percent the year following the switch, but advertising revenue remained stable even with challenges related to the September 11 attacks.[82] A Plain Dealer review of the Tivoli Audio PAL elicited disagreement from readers disappointed in the radio as they were still unable to reliably tune in to WCLV's signal, even with the PAL's sensitive tuner.[83] WCLV began HD Radio broadcasts on August 14, 2003, shortly before a cascading failure of the electrical grid in the Midwest and Northeast marred the debut; at the time, WCLV was the second Cleveland-market radio station and only the third U.S. radio station with a classical format to adopt the standard.[84] The partial simulcast with WBKC ended on October 17, 2006, after owner D&E Communications converted WBKC into a gospel music format under the WABQ call sign,[85] assuming the prior identity of a prior WABQ divested several weeks earlier.[86]

Jacqueline Gerber joined WCLV as morning host in the spring of 2001, prior to the frequency move.

musical theater-themed Footlight Parade had been a WCLV program since May 1983; during Radio Seaway's ownership of 1420 AM, Rudman hosted a Saturday afternoon program on that station devoted to "classic American song".[94] The Black Arts, a weekly series on contributions to fine arts, classical music and jazz by African Americans hosted by A. Grace Lee Mims, launched on WCLV in 1976 and aired continuously until Mims's death in October 2019.[95][96]

An alternating white and red triangular guyed lattice tower, set against a cloudy sky. A three-bayed antenna at the top of the structure is also flanked by an activated red beacon light. An additional red beacon light is fixed on the structure above a small studio-to-transmitter link dish. An office building is pictured in front of the tower on the left-hand side, with a parking lot on the other side.
The current 104.9 FM transmitter mast located in Avon, Ohio

Two of WCLV's signature evening programs—Symphony at Seven and Heinen's Concert Hall—also carried over to 104.9 FM. While Concert Hall was discontinued in 2003,[97] Symphony at Seven remains on the schedule to the present day, with KeyBank (through predecessors Society Bank and Cleveland Trust) serving as the program's sole sponsor throughout its entire history.[98] Adventures in Good Music, which WCLV syndicated internationally since March 22, 1970, remained on the schedule until June 29, 2007,[99] but ended production four years earlier;[100] the program continued to be among WCLV's highest-rated when host Karl Haas died in 2005.[101] Essential Classics, another program of recorded music, replaced Adventures in Good Music on the WCLV schedule. Beau Coup keyboardist Dennis Lewin hosted Turning You onto Classical Music on WCLV from 2008 to 2018.[102]

WCLV's conversion into non-commercial status occurred over the span of two years. WCLV first announced on August 10, 2010, its move from their long-time "Radio Ranch" studios in

public radio station, fully integrating it into the public media group.[106][107] From 2001 through 2012, WCLV was one of the few remaining commercially-operated classical music radio stations in the United States.[108]

WKSU repeater

Further information: WKSU § Ideastream merger

Ideastream Public Media and Kent State University's board of trustees entered into a public service operating agreement with the university's WKSU on September 15, 2021.[109] This agreement had its genesis in a $100,000 Corporation for Public Broadcasting grant[110] jointly awarded to WKSU and Ideastream on September 1, 2020, to help expand public media service in Northeast Ohio and encourage collaboration between both entities.[111] As part of the agreement, Ideastream took over the day-to-day operations of WKSU and all its respective translators and repeaters on October 1, 2021, retaining all of WKSU's employees.[112]

On March 28, 2022, WCLV changed calls to WCPN and became a WKSU

Lorain County and the western portion of Greater Cleveland,[113] WCPN changed calls to WCLV and format to classical music,[114] and WKSU became Northeast Ohio's lead NPR station employing both WCPN and WKSU's off- and on-air staffs.[115] The addition of 104.9 FM to WKSU's repeater network—with a potential audience of 3.6 million people and 22-county coverage area—gave WKSU the largest collective footprint for an FM radio station in Ohio, while WCLV's potential audience at 90.3 FM was estimated to have increased by as many as one million people[116] restoring the classical format on a full-market FM signal since the 2001 asset swap.[114]

Programming

WCPN operates as a full-time simulcast of WKSU. Additionally, WCPN rebroadcasts WKSU's four digital subchannels using the proprietary HD Radio standard:

  • WCPN-HD1 is a simulcast of WCPN's analog feed.
  • WCPN-HD2 airs
    FolkAlley.com
    .
  • WCPN-HD3 simulcasts WCLV (with Classical 24 programming in the overnight hours) branded "All Classical".
  • WCPN-HD4 carries an alternate schedule of news and talk programming from NPR and the BBC World Service branded "News and More". Think and As It Happens air exclusively on this channel, along with Folk Alley and locally produced ethnic shows on Sunday nights.[117][118]

Notes

  1. ^ When the asset swap was announced, the 95.5 FM license was estimated at $45 million (equivalent to $79.6 million in 2023), while the 104.9 FM license was valued at $8 million (equivalent to $14.2 million in 2023).[69]

References

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External links

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