Waanyi
The Waanyi people, also spelt Wanyi, Wanji, or Waanji, are an
Language
Although the
Country
The Waanyi territory was in well-watered limestone and sandstone country, including parts of the Gregory River. In Norman Tindale's estimation, the Waanyi held about 9,700 square miles (25,000 km2) of territory, extending from the vicinity of the south of the upper Nicholson River,[3] west of Corinda, and at Spring and Lawn Hill creeks. Their eastern extension lay at the Barkly (Barclay) River, Lawn Hill and Bannockburn. Their western frontier was at Old Benmara, and south-west they roamed as far as Mount Morgan.[4]
They lay south of the
History
The whole area of the north was affected deeply by the pastoral boom opened up in 1881 in the Northern Territory, with massive stations under the control of a few eastern investors hastily stocked with cattle: the key watering sites were locked out, tribes were shot at sight, and many groups moved east into the Gulf of Carpentaria, where the same phenomenon repeated itself. The Waanyi and the Garrwa, like many tribes local to the area that found their lands taken over for pastoral leases and resisted dispossession, found themselves threatened. The Eastern Waanyi were wiped out;[8] settler vigilantes and police magistrates employed native mounted troopers to ambush, murder and massacre any Aboriginal groups they came across. The lessees of Gregory Downs submitted testimony in 1880 that the police rounded up blacks and then shot them, while that of Lawn Hill five years later said that on his cattle run alone police had shot over a hundred blacks in three years, without achieving their aim of stopping the killing of livestock.[9] The displaced Waanyi eventually took over the territory in the Lawn Hill area of the extinct Injilarija.[10]
Native title
The Waanyi first lodged a native title claim over an area known to them traditionally as Wugujaji in June 1994.[11] Under a Queensland Government land act of 1989, CZL was granted two mining leases covering 23,585 hectares extending through Waanyi land the Century Mine was established on it.[12] Eventually the terms of a settlement were agreed on, and CZL paid funding, training and employment to the traditional peoples, an accord known as the $90 million offer.[13]
The Waanyi claim a right to co-manage both the
In 2018 a second case was brought for two areas to the west of
Notable people
- Alexis Wright, a writer of Waanyi descent whose novel Carpentaria (2006) won the prestigious Australian Miles Franklin Award.[19]
Alternative names
- Waangyee
- Wanee
- Wanji
- Wanyee
- Wonyee
Source Tindale 1974, p. 237:
Notes
Citations
- AIATSISCollection: AUSTLANG. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
- ^ Mushin 2013, p. 5.
- ^ Trigger 1992, p. 26.
- ^ Tindale 1974, p. 237.
- ^ Basedow 1907, p. 3.
- ^ Trigger 2015, p. 56.
- ^ AMPLA Bulletin 14(2), p. 90.
- ^ Roberts 2005, pp. 274–292, 274.
- ^ Evans 2007, p. 137.
- ^ Sutton 2004, p. 5.
- ^ Harwood 2002, p. 85.
- ^ Harwood 2002, p. 82.
- ^ Harwood 2002, p. 86.
- ^ Smith 2008, p. 165.
- ^ a b c Barry, Derek (23 September 2021). "Waanyi People win new native title battle". The North West Star. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ^ "National Native Title Register Details: QCD2010/007 - Waanyi Peoples". National Native Title Tribunal. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ^ a b Willis, Carli; André, Julia (28 September 2021). "Waanyi elders say new native title determination and ranger program is timely". ABC News. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ^ "National Native Title Register Details: QCD2021/003 - Waanyi People #2". National Native Title Tribunal. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
- ^ Ravenscroft 2016, pp. 59–79, 76ff..
Sources
- Basedow, Herbert (1907). "Anthropological notes on the Western Coastal tribes of the Northern Territory of South Australia". Journal of the Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. 31: 1–62 – via BHL.
- Evans, Raymond (2007). A History of Queensland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87692-6.
- Harwood, Alison (2002). "Indigenous Sovereignty and Century Zinc". In Evans, Geoffrey Russell; Goodman, James; Lansbury, Nina (eds.). Moving Mountains: Communities Confront Mining and Globalization. ISBN 978-1-842-77199-0.
- "Information Service: Queensland: Extinguishment by pastoral lease". AMPLA Bulletin. 14 (2): 90.
- Kerwin, Dale (2011). Aboriginal Dreaming Paths and Trading Routes: The Colonisation of the Australian Economic Landscape. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-845-19529-8.
- Mathews, R. H. (1899). "Divisions of tribes in the Northern Territory". Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 33: 111–114 – via BHL.
- JSTOR 658964.
- Moseley, Christopher (2008). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. ISBN 978-1-135-79640-2.
- Mushin, Ilana (2013). A Grammar of (Western) Garrwa. ISBN 978-1-614-51241-7.
- Ravenscroft, Alison (2016) [First published 2012]. The Postcolonial Eye: White Australian Desire and the Visual Field of Race. Routledge. pp. 59–79. ISBN 978-1-317-01969-5.
- Roberts, Tony (2005). Frontier Justice: A History of the Gulf Country to 1900. ISBN 978-0-702-24083-6.
- Shadforth; Mathews, R. H. (1898). "Group divisions and initiation ceremonies of the Barkungee tribes". Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. 32: 241–255 – via BHL.
- JSTOR 40327545.
- Smith, Laurajane (2008). "Empty Gestures? Heritage and the Politics of Recognition". In Silverman, Helaine; ISBN 978-0-387-76579-2.
- Spencer, Baldwin (1914). Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (PDF). London: Macmillan Publishers – via Internet Archive.
- ISBN 978-1-139-44949-6.
- ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
- Trigger, David (2015). "Change and Succession in Aboriginal Claims to Land". In Toner, P.G. (ed.). Strings of Connectedness: Essays in honour of Ian Keen. ISBN 978-1-925-02263-6.
- Trigger, David Samuel (1992). Whitefella Comin': Aboriginal Responses to Colonialism in Northern Australia. ISBN 978-0-521-40181-4.