Wader (American)

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This article is about a group of long-legged often tall or large waterbirds. For the various shorebirds or charadriiform bird that are called "waders" elsewere, see Wader.

Waders (American)
Great egret (Ardea alba)
Great egret (Ardea alba)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Infraclass: Neognathae
Clade: Neoaves
Groups included

Birders in Canada and the United States refer to several families of long-legged wading birds in semi-

Ardeidae (herons, egrets, and bitterns), and the extralimital families Scopidae (hamerkop) and Balaenicipitidae (shoebill) of Africa.[1] Elsewhere in the world, the word refers to what North Americans call a "shorebird", various families of the order Charadriiformes.[1][2] In the past all of these families were classified in the order Ciconiiformes based on overall similarity in anatomy and ecology, as well as some molecular data.[3][4] However recent genomic studies have found that this group to be polyphyletic, with flamingos being more closely related to grebes while ibises, herons, the hamerkop and the shoebill are more closely related to pelicans.[5][6] As a result of these changes flamingos are placed in their own order Phoenicopteriformes and Ciconiiformes are solely restricted to the storks. The rest of the waders have been reclassified into the order Pelecaniformes.[7]

In some field guides, the families Gruidae (cranes) and Aramidae (limpkin) are also considered to be waders too. However unlike the previously mentioned families, cranes and the limpkin were never thought to be closely related to the heron-like birds and have always been classified as members of the order Gruiformes.[8]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0307957900
    .
  2. ISBN 071365290X
    .
  3. ^ Wetmore, A. (1960). "A classification for the birds of the world" (PDF). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 139 (11): 1–37.
  4. ISBN 0-300-04085-7
    . Accessed January 4, 2021.
  5. PMID 25504713
    .
  6. S2CID 205246158
    .
  7. ^ International Ornithological Committee (July 25, 2020). "Ibis, spoonbills, herons, hamerkop, shoebill, pelicans". IOC World Bird Names: Version 2.11. WorldBirdNames.org. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  8. ISBN 1550137999
    .


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