Wadi Murabba'at

Coordinates: 31°35′18″N 35°22′22″E / 31.58833°N 35.37278°E / 31.58833; 35.37278
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Nahal Darga

Wadi Murabba'at, also known as Nahal Darga, is a ravine cut by a seasonal stream which runs from the

Simon Bar Kochba.[1][2]

Discovery and analysis of the caves

When the

Ta'amireh Bedouin tribe that discovered the first cave at Qumran learned how valuable the texts they found were, they began to search for other sites that might contain more scrolls. This led in the autumn of 1951 to the discovery of caves high up in the near vertical rock face of the Wadi Murabba'at. With the confirmation that the new texts had come from Murabba'at, Gerald Lankester Harding and Roland de Vaux commenced official excavations there in January 1952.[3]
Four caves were examined.

Remains were discovered that reflected habitation, usually temporary, during the

Nabataean drachmas, 51 imperial dinars and 33 tetradrachmas of Trajan. Most of the coins were minted in Antioch. The spindle whorls and the coins suggest a lengthy encampment by bar Kochba forces in the area, while the Roman objects point to the settlement being overrun by Roman forces.[4]

The Murabba'at area was surveyed by Pessah Bar-Adon in 1968 leading to the discovery of a fifth cave. In 1993 Hanan Eshel and Z. Greenhut discovered a cemetery which resembles that at Qumran.[5]

Textual materials

From the Roman period there is an inventory of about 120 documents which cover the decades leading up to the Bar Kochba revolt. Many of these are legal documents including deeds of land sale, marriage contracts, a debt acknowledgement and a writ of divorce. Fragments of biblical texts including

Minor Prophets scroll.[6]

List of manuscripts from Cave 1

Letter from Simon Bar Kochba

The following letter, translated by John Allegro, is addressed to Joshua ben Galgola, who was the military commander of the Herodium fortress, which lay between Wadi Murabba'at and Jerusalem. The letter provides Bar Kochba's real name.

Simon ben Kosebah to Joshua ben Galgola and the men of thy company; greetings. I call heaven to bear witness against me: if any one of the Galileans whom you have protected (or, delivered) cause trou[ble], I shall put fetters on your feet as I did to Ben Aphlul – Simon ben Kosebah (...)[15]

References

  1. ^ Ben-Yosef (1979), pp. 27–28
  2. ^ Dare to delve into Nahal Darga
  3. ^ Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls, pp. 35–36.
  4. ^ Stern 2000, p. 582.
  5. ^ Stern 2000, pp. 581–582.
  6. ^ Stern 2000, pp. 583–585.
  7. ^ MUR1 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  8. ^ a b c OakTree Software, Inc. Accordance 10: Bible Software. 2008.
  9. ^ MUR2 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  10. ^ MUR3 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  11. ^ MUR4 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  12. ^ MUR5 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  13. ^ MUR6 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  14. ^ MUR88 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  15. ^ Translation by John Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls, p. 173.

Bibliography

  • Allegro, John M., The Dead Sea Scrolls (Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1956)
  • Benoit, P., Milik, J.T., and de Vaux, R., Les Grottes de Murabbaat (Oxford: Clarendon, 1961)(for text and photographs)
  • OCLC 745203905
    .
  • "Leon Levy Collection". Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library. Israel Antiquities Authority. Retrieved 2015-01-22.
  • Stern, Ephraim (Archaeology), Eshel, Hanan (Written material), "Murabba'at, Wadi", in Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Schiffman, Lawrence H., VanderKam, James C. (eds.), Vol. 1 (Oxford, 2000), pp. 581–586.

31°35′18″N 35°22′22″E / 31.58833°N 35.37278°E / 31.58833; 35.37278

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