War of the Reunions
War of the Reunions | |||||||||
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Part of the wars of Louis XIV | |||||||||
The Siege of Luxembourg | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
France |
Spain Co-belligerent: Holy Roman Empire Genoa | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Ernesto de Croy Ligne, Prince of Chimay |
The War of the Reunions (1683–84) was a conflict between
Despite the peace established by the 1678
The Truce of Ratisbon that ended the conflict marked the high water mark of French territorial gains under Louis XIV.[1] Afterwards, his opponents would recognize the need for unity in order to resist further expansion, leading to the 1688 creation of the Grand Alliance, an anti-French coalition that fought in the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession.
Background
Under the treaties of
The exceptions were
Strasbourg was occupied on 30 September 1681 and officially became part of France, although it retained a degree of economic and political autonomy until 1726.
War
After halting the Ottoman advance at Vienna, the Habsburgs were able to turn their attentions to the west.
Louis renewed the
Despite its limited scope and length, the war is remembered as being especially bloody, since Louis XIV deliberately employed violence as state policy, with the aim of pressuring enemy officials to surrender.[12] Louvois ordered Montal to burn 20 villages near Charleroi because the Spanish previously destroyed two barns on the outskirts of two French villages, and insisted that not a single house should remain standing.[13]
A separate but related conflict took place in the
Peace and treaty
While Louis refused to send aid to the Empire and even dispatched secret envoys to encourage the Ottomans, contemporary accounts indicate that it would be unseemly for him to continue fighting the Empire on its western border. Thus, Louis agreed to the Truce of Ratisbon, guaranteeing 20 years of peace between France and the Empire and asked his first cousin, Charles II of England, to arbitrate the disputed border claims.
Aftermath
The war, like its immediate continental predecessors, failed to resolve the festering conflict between the French
References
- ^ Lynn 1999, p. 169.
- ^ Lynn 1999, pp. 109, 156.
- ^ Lynn 1999, pp. 162–163.
- ^ Lynn 1999, p. 163.
- ^ Kinross 1977, pp. 343–347.
- ^ a b Lynn 1999, p. 165.
- ^ Kinross 1977, p. 347.
- ^ Lynn 1999, pp. 166–167.
- ^ Lynn 1999, p. 170.
- ^ Lynn 1999, p. 168-169.
- ^ Smith 1965, p. 210.
- ^ Lynn 1999, pp. 170–171.
- ^ Lynn 1993, p. 301.
- ^ Thomas 2003, p. 8.
- ^ Smith 1965, p. 159.
- ^ Lynn 1999, p. 173.
- ^ Lynn 2002, p. 48.
- ^ Lynn 1999, p. 174.
Sources
- Kinross, Lord (1977). The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire. Sander Kitabevi and Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0688080938.
- Lynn, John (1999). The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714 (Modern Wars in Perspective). Longman. ISBN 978-0582056299.
- Lynn, John (1993). "How War Fed War: The Tax of Violence and Contributions during the Grand Siècle". The Journal of Modern History. 65 (2): 286–310. S2CID 153454205.
- Lynn, John (2002). The French Wars 1667–1714. Osprey Publishing.
- Smith, Rhea Marsh (1965). Spain: A Modern History. University of Michigan Press. OCLC 733708764.
- Thomas, Hugh (2003). Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. (Random House.
- Wolf, John (1962). The Emergence of European Civilization. Joanna Cotler Books. ISBN 978-0060471804.