Warburg family
The Warburg family is a prominent German and American
They originated as the Venetian Jewish del Banco family, one of the wealthiest Venetian families in the early 16th century.[2] Due to restrictions limiting Jewish involvement in banking, they moved to Bologna, and thence to Warburg, in Westphalia, in the 16th century, after which they later took their name. The first known ancestor was Simon von Kassel (1500–1566).[3]
The family later established itself in Altona, near Hamburg in the 17th century, after the Thirty Years' War, and it was in Hamburg that M. M. Warburg & Co. was established in 1798, among the oldest still existing investment banks in the world. Other banks created by members of the family include Warburg Pincus and S. G. Warburg & Co., the latter having been acquired in 1995 by UBS.
Family organization
Alsterufer and Mittelweg lines
The family is traditionally divided into two prominent lines, the Alsterufer Warburgs and the Mittelweg Warburgs. The Alsterufer Warburgs descended from Siegmund Warburg (1835–1889) and the Mittelweg Warburgs descended from his brother Moritz M. Warburg (1838–1910). They took their nicknames from the brothers' respective addresses in Hamburg's Rotherbaum neighborhood. The brothers were grandsons of Moses Marcus Warburg.[1]
Siegmund George Warburg was of the Alsterufer lines; the five brothers Abraham (Aby) M., Max M., Paul M., Felix M. and Fritz Moritz Warburg were of the Mittelweg line.
The brothers
American and German Warburgs
During the Weimar Republic,
Most members of the German Warburg family had fled to the United States or Great Britain by the end of 1938. However, Max Warburg's brother, Fritz Warburg, who was preparing his exile in Sweden, was arrested by the Gestapo in Hamburg in early November 1938 and spent some months in prison before he could leave for Stockholm in May 1939.[17] His daughter Eva came to organize the emigration for 500 German Jewish children from Germany and Austria to Sweden in 1938 and 1939.[18] Also, three cousins, mother, Gerta and daughters Betty and Helene Julie (Burchard) Warburg, stayed in Altona. Gerta and Betty were murdered in the Sobibor extermination camp in 1940 and Helena Julie in Auschwitz in 1942.[19][20][21] A life size portrait of Helene Julie by the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch today hangs in the Kunsthaus in Zurich (The Lady in White).[22][23] Eric Warburg, son of Max Warburg, returned to Germany as an officer (colonel) in the American Air Force[24] and was influential in restoring German-Jewish relations[25][26] and rebuilding Germany's economic ties after the Second World War through his international business associations.[27][28] Eric's son, also called Max, is currently a partner in M.M. Warburg & Co. in Hamburg.
Venetian origins
The Warburg family is thought to have originated from Venice, at which point they bore the surname del-Banco. The historical documents describe Anselmo del Banco as Jewish and as having been one of the wealthiest residents of Venice in the early 16th century. In 1513, del Banco was granted a charter by the Venetian government permitting the lending of money with interest. Del Banco left with his family after new restrictions were placed upon the Jewish community coinciding with the establishment of the Venetian Ghetto. The family settled in Bologna, and from there to the German town of Warburg, and adopted that town's name as their own surname, after having moved to Hamburg after the Thirty Years' War.[29][30]
Noteworthy members
- Moses Marcus Warburg (1763–1830), founder, with his brother Gerson Warburg (1765–1825), of M. M. Warburg & Co. in 1798.
- Sara Warburg (1805–1884) married to Abraham Samuel Warburg (1798–1856), her cousin[31]
- Rosa Warburg (1833–1908), married to Paul Schiff, director of the Creditanstalt of Vienna
- Siegmund Warburg (1835–1889), married to Théophilie Rosenberg
- Abraham Samuel Warburg (1864–1933)
- Georg Gabriel Warburg (1871–1923), married to Lucie Lea Kaulla
- S. G. Warburg & Co, London, married to Eva Maria Philipson, daughter of Mauritz Philipson]
- Georg Albert Siegmund Warburg (1927–2023), married to Elinor Bliss Bozyan
- Moritz M. Warburg (1838–1910), married to Charlotte Oppenheim
- Abraham M. Warburg (1866–1929), German art historian
- Max M. Warburg (1867–1946), banker
- Eric M. Warburg (1900–1990), founder of Warburg Pincus, married to Dorothea Thorsch (1912–2003), daughter of Alfons Thorsch
- Max M. Warburg jr. (b. 1948)
- Marie Warburg, married to Michael Naumann (b. 1941), journalist
- Eric M. Warburg (1900–1990), founder of Warburg Pincus, married to Dorothea Thorsch (1912–2003), daughter of Alfons Thorsch
- Paul M. Warburg (1868–1932), father of the Federal Reserve, married Nina Loeb (1863–1912) in 1895, the daughter of Solomon Loeb
- James Warburg (1897–1969), economist, banker, advisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt, married to Kay Swift (1897–1993)
- Andrea Swift Warburg (1922–2009), married to Sidney Kaufman.
- Katharine Kaufman Weber (b. 1955), novelist, married to Nicholas Fox Weber.
- Andrea Swift Warburg (1922–2009), married to Sidney Kaufman.
- Bettina Warburg (1900-1990) psychiatrist.
- James Warburg (1897–1969), economist, banker, advisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt, married to Kay Swift (1897–1993)
- Katharine Warburg (1870–1935), married to Isaac Dorfman (1868–1929), philanthropist, banker.
- Jacob H. Schiff and granddaughter of Solomon Loebin 1895.
- Carola Warburg Rothschild (1896–1987), married to Walter N. Rothschild, son of Simon F. Rothschild[32]
- Walter N. Rothschild Jr.
- Phyllis Rothschild Peters Farley
- Carol Rothschild Bradford Noyes, married Amory Howe Bradford (d. 1998), son of Arthur Howe Bradford; married 1965 to diplomat Charles P. Noyes
- David A. Bradford
- Carola Bradford Lea
- Madhavi Bradford
- Deborah Bradford
- Peter A. Bradford, married Katherine Bradford
- Arthur Bradford
- Laura Rothschild Bradford Kirkpatrick
- Frederick Marcus Warburg (1897–1973), married to Wilma L. Shannon[33]
- Condé Nast[34]
- Felix Max Warburg (1924–2019), architect and environmental leader,[35] married to Sandol Milliken Stoddard (1927–2018) and Sue Rosenthal (1930–2014)
- Geraldine Warburg Kohlenberg Zetzel, married to Arthur Kohlenberg (1924–1970) and Louis Zetzel (1909–1993)
- Jeremy Warburg, married to William Russo
- Alexander William Warburg Russo (b. 1964), writer
- Jonathan F. Warburg
- Paul Felix Warburg (c.1904–1965)[36]
- Edward Warburg (1908–1992), philanthropist and benefactor of the arts, married to Mary Warburg (1908–2009)
- David J. Warburg, married Caroline Susan MacDonald
- Ian Edward Warburg (b. 1962 or 1963), married to Jane Green (1968–) author, philanthropist.
- Daphne Warburg (b. 1949), married to Michael Ramon Langhorne Astor, eldest son of Jakie Astor.
- David J. Warburg, married Caroline Susan MacDonald
- Carola Warburg Rothschild (1896–1987), married to Walter N. Rothschild, son of Simon F. Rothschild[32]
- Olga Warburg (1872–1895)
- Fritz M. Warburg (1879–1964) living in Stockholm during World War I and II, father of Eva Warburg who organized Kindertransport to Sweden in 1938 and -39.
- Louisa Warburg (1879–1973), married to Julius Derenberg (1873–1928)
- Walter Julius Derenberg (1903–1975), legal scholar
- Sara Warburg (1805–1884) married to Abraham Samuel Warburg (1798–1856), her cousin[31]
- Relatives
- Emil Warburg, (1846–1931), German physicist
- Otto Heinrich Warburg (1883–1970), physiologist and biochemist (Nobel prize in Medicine, 1931)
- Otto Warburg (1859–1938), botanist and president of the World Zionist Organization
See also
- M. M. Warburg & Co.
- Warburg Pincus
- S. G. Warburg & Co.
- Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
- Warburg Institute
- Rothschild family
References
- ^ a b "Warburg family". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- Our Crowd: The Great Jewish Families of New York. Syracuse University Press. p. 190.
- ^ Aschoff, Diethard (1986). "Simon von Kassel: ein Hessisches Budenschicksal in der Zeit Philipp des Großmütigen". Zeitschrift des Vereins für Hessische Geschichte. 91: 31–49.
- ^ "History of the Warburg Institute". Warburg Institute, University of London. 2016-05-20.
- ^ Warburg, Paul M. (1930). The Federal Reserve System: Its Origin and Growth. New York: Macmillan.
- ISBN 9780801475955.
- ^ "Federal Reserve History Paul Warburg". Federal Reserve History.
- ^ Whitehouse, Michael A. (May 1989). "Paul Warburg's Crusade to Establish a Central Bank in the United States". The Region (Publication of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis).
- ^ Naclerio, Richard A. (2013). "Paul M. Warburg: Founder of the United States Federal Reserve". History Faculty Publications (99) – via Sacred Heart University.
- ^ Naomi Wiener Cohen, Jacob H. Schiff: a study in American Jewish leadership
- ISBN 9780143109846.
- ^ "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Planning Document" (PDF). Federal Reserve Board. 2002.
- ^ "Records of American Delegation at United States' National Archives: RECORDS OF THE AMERICAN COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE PEACE 1918-31". Records of American Delegation at United States' National Archives. 2016-08-15.
- ISBN 978-0719562372.
- ^ Dorothea Hauser and Christoph Kreutzmüller (2007). "Max Warburg", in Hans Pohl (ed.), Deutsche Bankiers des 20. Jahrhunderts. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 419–432.
- ISBN 978-0525431831.
- ^ Hauser, Dorothea, Zwischen Gehen und Bleiben: Das Sekretariat Warburg und sein Netzwerk des Vertrauens, 1938 – 1941, in: Susanne Heim; Beate Meyer; Francis R. Nicosia (eds.), "Wer bleibt, opfert seine Jahre, vielleicht sein Leben". Deutsche Juden 1938-1941. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag. 2010. pp. 127–128.
- ^ Rudberg, Pontus, The Swedish Jews and the Victims of Nazi Terror, Uppsala 2015, pp. 48-49.
- ^ Yad Vashem and Memorial book. "Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945" prepared by the German Federal Archives. German Federal Archives.
- ^ "Stolpersteine".
- ^ Wenzel, Gertrud (1981). Broken Star: The Warburgs of Altona. Smithtown, NY: Exposition Press.
- ^ Ron Chernow, The Warburgs (Vantage: 1993)
- ^ "BildArchiv".
- ^ Warburg, Eric M. (1983). Times and Tide. Hamburg: Hans Christians. pp. 173–219.
- ^ Warburg, Eric M. (1983). Times and Tide. Hamburg: Hans Christians. p. 222.
- S2CID 167115956.
- ^ Bird, Kai (1992). The Chairman: John J. McCloy. The Making of the American Establishment. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 324 (Talk with McCloy, 1949).
- S2CID 167115956.
- ^ Chernow, Ron (1993). The Warburgs: The Twentieth Century Odyessy of a Remarkable Jewish Family. New York: Random House. pp. 3–5.
- ^ Aschoff, Diethard (1986). "Simon von Kassel: Ein Judenschicksal in der Zeit Philipps des Großmütigen". Zeitschrift des Vereins für Hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde. 91: 31–48.
- ISBN 978-3406529054.
- ^ "Carola W. Rothschild, Ex-Girl Scout Official". The New York Times. September 1, 1987.
- ^ Whitman, Alden (July 11, 1973). "Frederick M. Warburg, 75, Dies; Investment Banker, Sportsman". The New York Times.
- ^ "Gerald F. Warburg, 69, Is Dead; Cellist and a Patron of the Arts". The New York Times. February 15, 1971.
- ^ "In Memoriam: Felix M. Warburg AB '46, MArch '51, Architect and Environmental Leader".
- Jewish Telegraph Agency. October 11, 1965.
Further reading
- ISBN 978-0-917561-36-8.
- ISBN 978-0-679-41823-8.
- Farrer, David (1974). The Warburgs: The Story of a Family. New York: ISBN 978-0-8128-1733-1.
- ISBN 978-1-59420-246-9.
- Klessmann, Eckart (2004). M.M.Warburg & CO 1798–1998: Die Geschichte des Bankhauses. Hamburg.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Ratto, Pietro (2019). Rockefeller e Warburg. Le famiglie più potenti della terra. Bologna: ISBN 978-88-6588-209-2.
- Rosenbaum, Eduard (1962). M.M.Warburg & CO, Merchant Bankers of Hamburg; A Survey of the First 140 years, 1798 to 1938. London.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Rudberg, Pontus (2015). The Swedish Jews and the Victims of Nazi terror. Uppsala: ISBN 978-91-554-9358-5.
- Rudberg, Pontus (2017). The Swedish Jews and the Holocaust. Abingdon & New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781138045880.
- Slovin, Francesca Cernia (1995). Aby Warburg. Un banchiere prestato all'arte. Biografia di una passione. Venezia: ISBN 978-88-317-6088-1.
External links
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Warburg". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
- Irving Katz's review of The Warburgs: The Twentieth-Century Odyssey of a Remarkable Jewish Family by Ron Chernow