Wattasid dynasty

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Wattasid dynasty الوطاسيون
1472–1554
Map of the Wattasid sultanate (dark red) and its vassal states (light red)
Status	Ruling dynasty of Morocco Vassal of the Ottoman Empire from 1526[1][2]
Capital	Fez
Common languages	Berber languages Arabic[3]
Religion	Sunni Islam
Government	Monarchy
Sultan
• 1472-1504	Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya
• 1545-1547	Nasir al-Qasri
History
• Established	1472
• Battle of Tadla	1554
Currency	Dirham
Preceded by Succeeded by Marinid dynasty Saadi Sultanate

The Wattasid dynasty (

The Wattasid rulers failed in their promise to protect Morocco from foreign incursions and the Portuguese increased their presence on Morocco's coast. Mohammad al-Chaykh's son attempted to capture Asilah and Tangier in 1508, 1511 and 1515, but without success.

In the south, a new dynasty arose, the Saadian dynasty, which seized Marrakesh in 1524 and made it their capital. By 1537 the Saadis were in the ascendent when they defeated the Portuguese Empire at Agadir. Their military successes contrast with the Wattasid policy of conciliation towards the Catholic kings to the north.

As a result, the people of Morocco tended to regard the Saadians as heroes, making it easier for them to retake the Portuguese strongholds on the coast, including Tangiers, Ceuta and Maziɣen. The Saadians also attacked the Wattasids who were forced to yield to the new power. In 1554, as Wattasid towns surrendered, the Wattasid sultan, Ali Abu Hassun, briefly retook Fez. The Saadis quickly settled the matter by killing him and, as the last Wattasids fled Morocco by ship, they too were murdered by pirates.

The Wattasid did little to improve general conditions in Morocco following the Reconquista. It was necessary to wait for the Saadians for order to be reestablished and the expansionist ambitions of the kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula to be curbed.

Coinage

Known Wattasid coins include a few extremely rare gold coins and also square silver dirhams and half dirhams, still following the Almohad Caliphate standard of roughly 1.5 grams.^[5]

The dynasty

Part of a series on the
History of Morocco
Prehistory Acheulean Mousterian Aterian Iberomaurusian Capsian
Classical to Late Antiquity (8th century BC – 7th century AD) Carthaginian Roman Mauretania Mauretania Tingitana Exarchate of Africa
Early Islamic (8th–10th century AD) Muslim conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty
Territorial fragmentation (10th–11th century AD) Caliphate of Córdoba Fatimid Caliphate Ifranids Miknasas Maghrawas
Empire (beginning 11th century AD) Almoravids Almohads Marinids Wattasids Saadis Alawis other political entities Zawiya Dila'iya Principality of Debdou Republic of Salé
Decline (beginning 19th century AD) Franco-Moroccan War Anglo-Moroccan Treaty of 1856 Hispano-Moroccan War Protégé system Treaty of Wad Ras Treaty of Madrid Tangier Crisis Treaty of Algeciras Agadir Crisis Hafidiya Bombardment of Casablanca (1907) French conquest of Morocco
Protectorate (1912–56) Treaty of Fez French protectorate Spanish protectorate French Conquest Zaian War Rif War Tangier Protocol Tangier International Zone Opposition to European control Revolution of the King and the People
Modern (1956–present) Ifni War Sand War Moroccanization in 1972 Moulay Bouazza plot Years of lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara conflict 2011–2012 protests Hirak Rif Movement Abraham Accords
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Wattasid Viziers

• 1420–1448: Abu Zakariya Yahya al-Wattasi
• 1448–1458: Ali ibn Yusuf
• 1458–1459: Yahya ibn Abi Zakariya Yahya

Wattasid Sultans

• 1472–1504: Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya
• 1504–1526: Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad
• 1526–1526:
  Abu al-Hasan Abu Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad
• 1526–1545: Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad
• 1545–1547: Nasir ad-Din al-Qasri Muhammad ibn Ahmad
• 1547–1549: Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad
• 1554–1554: Abu al-Hasan Abu Hasun Ali ibn Muhammad

Family tree

Chronology of events

• According to the Treaty of Alcáçovas (1479), and to the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), Spain recognized the kingdom as being in the Portuguese sphere of influence.
• 1485: Treaty with Spain: The sultanate agrees to not help the
  Kingdom of Granada, Spain agreed to not capture Moroccan ships in the Alboran Sea
  .
• 1488: Portuguese conquer Safi.
• 1491:
  Muhammad XIII, Sultan of Granada
  (El Zagal) went to Fez, but was captured and blinded.
• 1492: Arrival of Spanish Muslims and Jews.
• 1497: Spain captures Melilla
• 1502: Portugal captures
  Mazagan
  .
• 1505: Portugal captures Agadir.
• 1506: Portugal captures
  Mogador
  .
• 1511:
  Saadians capture Rabat
  .
• 1524: Saadians capture Marrakesh.
• 1541: Saadians capture Agadir.
• 1541: Saadians capture Safi.
• 1542: Hasan Hâsim captures Tetuan.
• 1548: The last wattasid king is captured by the Saadians.
• 1550: Saadians conquer Fez.

See also

• List of rulers of Morocco

References

Sources

• Brancato, Dario (2014). "'Leo Africanus' and His Worlds of Translation". In Federici, F.; Tessicini, D. (eds.). Translators, Interpreters, and Cultural Negotiators: Mediating and Communicating Power from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties. Columbia University Press.