Wavelength (1967 film)

Wavelength
Wavelength
	Promotional poster for new 16mm print
Directed by	Michael Snow
Written by	Michael Snow
Starring	Hollis Frampton; Roswell Rudd; Amy Taubin; Joyce Wieland; Amy Yadrin
Cinematography	Michael Snow
Edited by	Michael Snow
Release date	1967;
Running time	45 minutes
Countries	Canada; United States
Language	English

Wavelength is a 1967 Canadian-American

film theorist P. Adams Sitney describes as "structural film",^[3] calling Snow "the dean of structural filmmakers."^[4]

Wavelength is often listed as one of the

masterwork by the Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada.^[6] In a 1969 review of the film published in Artforum, Manny Farber describes Wavelength as "a singularly unpadded, uncomplicated, deadly realistic way to film three walls, a ceiling and a floor... it is probably the most rigorously composed movie in existence."^[7]

Synopsis

Wavelength consists of almost no action, and what action does occur is largely

scenes. Snow's intent was "a summation of my nervous system, religious inklings and aesthetic ideas". The 45-minute-long zoom–which nonetheless contains edits–that incorporates in its time frame four human events in the room, including a man's death and a woman calling emergency later on, is intended to be symbolic of his intent.^[8] In the first scene, a woman in a fur coat enters the room accompanied by two men carrying a bookshelf or cabinet. The woman instructs the men where to place this piece of furniture and they all leave. Later, the same woman returns with a female friend. They drink the beverages they have brought, and turn on the radio, which plays "Strawberry Fields Forever" by the Beatles. Long after they leave, what sounds like breaking glass is heard. At this point, a man (Hollis Frampton

) enters and inexplicably, although in a way to indicate his death, collapses on the floor. Later on, the woman in the fur coat reappears and makes an emergency phone call, speaking, with strange calm, about the dead man in her apartment whom she has never seen before.

Around the end, one can hear what sound like police sirens, but could just as well be a part of the

random. These tones shift in frequency (and in "wavelength"), becoming higher-pitched as the camera further analyzes the space of the anonymous apartment. What begins as a view of the full apartment zooms (the zoom is not precisely continuous as the camera does change angle slightly, noticeably near the very end) and changes focus

slowly across the forty-five minutes, only to stop and come into perfect focus on a photograph of the sea on the wall. The film ends with the camera going completely out of focus and fading to white, as the soundtrack finally raises to a pitch too high to be heard.

Cast

Hollis Frampton
Lyne Grossman
Naoto Nakazawa
Roswell Rudd
Amy Taubin
Joyce Wieland
Amy Yadrin

Structure

According to P. Adams Sitney, the trend in American avant-garde cinema during the late 1940s and 1950s (such as the work of Maya Deren and Stan Brakhage) was towards "increased complexity".^[9] Since the mid-1960s, filmmakers such as Michael Snow, Hollis Frampton, Paul Sharits, Tony Conrad and Joyce Wieland produced works where simplicity was foregrounded. Sitney labeled this tendency "structural film." The four characteristics of structural film are "fixed camera position…the flicker effect, loop printing, and rephotography off the screen."^[10] Sitney describes Snow as the "dean of structural film-makers" who "utilizes the tension" of Wavelength's use of a "fixed-frame and…the flexibility of the fixed tripod".^[10] Where Sitney describes structural film as a "working process," Stephen Heath in Questions of Cinema finds Wavelength "seriously wanting" in that the "implied…narrative [makes Wavelength] in some ways a retrograde step in cinematic form".^[11] To Heath, the principal theme of Wavelength is the "question of the cinematic institution of the subject of film" rather than the apparatus of filmmaking itself.^[12]

In 2003, Snow released WVLNT (or Wavelength For Those Who Don't Have the Time), a shorter (1/3 of the original time) and significantly altered version by overlaying multiple forms of the original film upon itself.^[13]

Reception and legacy

The screening of Wavelength in 1967 was, according to filmmaker

Un chien andalou (1929), Maya Deren's Meshes of the Afternoon (1943), Stan Brakhage's Mothlight (1963) and Kenneth Anger's Scorpio Rising (1964),^[15] Wavelength's 45-minute running time nevertheless contributes to a reputation for being a difficult work:^[16]

[G]iven the film's
fade to white—at the film's end. The film inspires as much boredom and frustration as intrigue and epiphany....^[16]

The film won the Grand Prix at the 1967 Knokke Experimental Film Festival,

contemplative cinema.'"^[19]

Wavelength ranked 102nd in the 2012

Sight & Sound critics' poll of the greatest films ever made, and also received three directors' votes.^[20]

Distribution

Canadian Filmmakers Distribution Centre

Art Metropole [21]

References

^ "Few filmmakers have had as large an impact on the recent avant-garde film scene as Canadian Michael Snow, whose Wavelength is probably the most frequently discussed 'structural' film." Scott MacDonald, "So Is This by Michael Snow" Film Quarterly Vol. 39, No. 1 (Autumn, 1985): 34.
^ P. Adams Sitney, Visionary Film: The American Avant-Garde 1943-1978. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979 p. 375
^ Sitney pp. 368-397
^ Sitney p. 374
^ "100 Best Films - Village Voice".
^ "Trust Blog".
^ Reprinted in Manny Farber, Negative Space: Manny Farber on the Movies, London: Studio Vista, 1971, p. 250
^ Robert Enright, "The Lord of Missed Rules: An Interview with Michael Snow" Border Crossings v. 26 no. 2 (May 2007): 22
^ Sitney, p. 369
^ ^a ^b Sitney, p. 370
^ Stephen Heath, Questions of Cinema, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981, p. 166
^ Heath, p. 129
^ "The density of Wavelength is foregrounded in Snow's own 'preemptive' digital version of the film, WVLNT or Wavelength For Those Who Don't Have the Time (2003), which divides the film into thirds and superimposes them into a fifteen-minute short. This point was made recently hy Bart Testa, in a 2007 SCMS paper, 'Michael Snow's Film Encyclopedias 1991-2005.' Michael Zryd, "Avant-Garde Films: Teaching Wavelength." Cinema Journal 47, Number 1 (Fall 2007): 111-112.
^ Enright, 23
^ Michael Zryd, "Avant-Garde Films: Teaching Wavelength" Cinema Journal Vol. 47 Issue 1 (Fall 2007): 111
^ ^a ^b Zryd, 110
^ "Knokke Experimental Film Festival (1967)". IMDb.
^ Jud Yalkut, "Wavelength by Michael Snow" Film Quarterly Vol. 21, No. 4 (Summer, 1968): 50
^ Gordon, Antony; Carpenter, John; Perr, Harvey; Apostolides, Alex; Skald; Ellison, Harlan; Hoffman, J. (14 December 1968). "Los Angeles Free Press: Los Angeles Free Press". 5 (230-Part Two). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Votes for Wavelength (1967)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ "ART METROPOLE :: Shop > WVLNT (Wavelength For Those Who Don't Have The Time) - Michael Snow". www.artmetropole.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.