Weimar
Weimar | |
---|---|
Location of Weimar within Thuringia Urban district | |
Subdivisions | 12 districts |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2018–24) | Peter Kleine[1] (Ind.) |
Area | |
• Total | 84.48 km2 (32.62 sq mi) |
Elevation | 208 m (682 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 65,620 |
• Density | 780/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 99423, 99425, 99427, 99428 |
Dialling codes | 03643, 036453 |
Vehicle registration | WE |
Website | weimar.de |
Weimar. Together with the neighbouring cities of Erfurt and Jena, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia, with approximately 500,000 inhabitants. The city itself has a population of 65,000. Weimar is well-known because of its cultural heritage and importance in German history.
The city was a focal point of the
The political history of 20th-century Weimar was volatile: it was the place where
Until 1948, Weimar was the capital of Thuringia. Many places in the city centre have been designated as
Noted institutions in Weimar are the
History
Prehistoric times
Archaeological finds dating back to the Thuringii epoch (3rd to 6th centuries) show that the Weimar part of the Ilm valley was settled early. A tight network of settlements occupied much of the area of today's city.
Middle Ages
The oldest records regarding Weimar date to 899. Its name changed over the centuries from Wimares through Wimari to Wimar and finally Weimar; it is derived from
The Weimar settlement emerged around the count's wooden castle and two small churches, dedicated to Saint Peter (which later became the main church), and to Saint James, respectively. In 1240, the count founded the dynasty's monastery in Oberweimar, run by Cistercian nuns. Soon after, the counts of Weimar founded the town, which was an independent parish since 1249 and called civitas in 1254. From 1262, the citizens used their own seal. The regional influence of the Weimar counts was declining as the influence of the Wettins in Thuringia increased. Hence, the new small town was relatively marginal in a regional context, also due to the fact that it was located far from relevant trade routes, such as the Via Regia. The settlement around Saint James Church developed into a suburb during the 13th century.
After becoming part of Wettin territory in 1346, urban development improved. The Wettins fostered Weimar by abolishing socage and granting privileges to the citizens. Now Weimar became equal to other Wettinian cities like Weißensee and grew during the 15th century, with the establishment of a town hall and the current main church. In 1438 Weimar acquired trade privileges for woad, a plant from which blue dye was made. The castle and the walls were finished in the 16th century, making Weimar into a full city.
Early Modern Period
After the
Golden or Classical Age (1758–1832)
The period from the start of the regencies of
Silver Ages and The New Weimar (1832–1918)
The time after Goethe's death is denoted as the "silver" age because Weimar remained an influential cultural centre. The first emphasis was fostering music. In 1842,
In 1860 the
As early as the 19th century, the curation of Weimar and its heritage started. Many archives, societies and museums were founded to present and conserve the cultural sights and goods. In 1846, Weimar was connected by the
Weimar Republic
The period in German history from 1919 to 1933 is commonly referred to as the
In 1920, the federal state of
) and Weimar became its capital. Due to that fact, the city experienced another period of growth.In 1919, Walter Gropius founded the Bauhaus School by a merger of the Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School with the Kunstgewerbeschule Weimar. The Bauhaus in Weimar lasted from 1919 to 1925, when it moved to Dessau, after the newly elected right-wing Thuringian council put pressure on the school by withdrawing funding and forcing its teachers to quit. Many buildings in Weimar today have influences from the Bauhaus period. However, only one original Bauhaus building was constructed during 1919–1925, the Haus am Horn, now used for exhibitions and events on Bauhaus culture.
The Weimar Republic era was marked by a constant conflict between progressive and Völkisch forces, the former represented by Harry Graf Kessler and the latter by Adolf Bartels in Weimar. The Weimarer Zeitung was published in Weimar as a local newspaper. After 1929, the right-wing forces prevailed and Weimar became an early centre of Nazism.
Nazi Germany and World War II
Weimar was important to the Nazis for two reasons: first, it was where the hated Weimar Republic was founded, and second, it had been a centre of German high culture in recent centuries. In 1926, the
During the 1930s, the barracks in Weimar was greatly extended. One famous person serving as a soldier in Weimar was Wolfgang Borchert, later a well known poet and playwright. As it was the capital of Thuringia, the Nazis built a new Roman-fascist-style administrative centre between the city centre and the main station. This Gauforum , designed by Hermann Giesler, was the only Nazi governmental building completed outside Berlin (though there were plans for all German state capitals). Today it hosts the Thuringian State Administration. Other Giesler buildings are the Villa Sauckel , the governor's palace and the Hotel Elephant in the city centre.
In 1937, the Nazis established
The city centre was partially damaged by US Air Force bombing in 1945 with some 1,800 people killed and many historic buildings destroyed. Nevertheless, most of the destroyed buildings were restored soon after the war because of their importance in German cultural history. The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Weimar in April 1945, and the city surrendered to the US
Since 1945
From 1945 to 1950, the Soviet Union used the occupied Buchenwald concentration camp as a
In 1948, the East German government declared Erfurt as Thuringia's new capital, and Weimar lost its influence on German contemporary culture and politics. (The state of Thuringia itself was dissolved in 1952 and replaced by three
After German reunification in 1990, Weimar experienced significant economic hardship, but funding restored much that had deteriorated. In 1991, the city hosted the first trilateral meeting between the foreign ministers of Germany, France and Poland giving its name to the
In 2004, a fire broke out at the Duchess Anna Amalia Library. The library contains a 13,000-volume collection including Goethe's masterpiece Faust, as well as the duchess's music collection. An authentic Luther Bible from 1534 was saved from the fire. The library is one of the oldest in Europe, dating back to 1691, and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Over one million volumes were housed in the library, of which forty to fifty thousand were damaged beyond repair. A number of books were shock-frozen in Leipzig to save them from rotting. The library was reopened in 2007.[12]
Geography and demographics
Topography
Weimar is situated within the valley of the Ilm river, a tributary of the
Climate
Weimar has a humid continental climate (Dfb) or an oceanic climate (Cfb) according to the Köppen climate classification system.[13][14] Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of 23 °C (73 °F) and lows of 12 °C (54 °F). Winters are relatively cold with average high temperatures of 2 °C (36 °F) and lows of −3 °C (27 °F). The city's topography creates a microclimate caused through the basin position with sometimes inversion in winter (quite cold nights under −20 °C (−4 °F)). Annual precipitation is only 574 mm (22.6 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Light snowfall occurs, mainly from December through February, but snow cover does not usually remain for long.
Climate data for Weimar (Erfurt–Weimar Airport, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
31.4 (88.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
37.6 (99.7) |
36.3 (97.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
37.6 (99.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.6 (74.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.1 (55.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.2 (32.4) |
0.9 (33.6) |
4.3 (39.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
1.2 (34.2) |
9.0 (48.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
0.3 (32.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
7.4 (45.3) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.0 (−13.0) |
−24.6 (−12.3) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−23.5 (−10.3) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 25.0 (0.98) |
22.9 (0.90) |
36.3 (1.43) |
34.2 (1.35) |
63.9 (2.52) |
55.7 (2.19) |
80.8 (3.18) |
58.7 (2.31) |
45.8 (1.80) |
37.6 (1.48) |
41.1 (1.62) |
32.6 (1.28) |
534.7 (21.05) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 15.0 | 13.1 | 14.8 | 11.8 | 13.8 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 13.0 | 12.0 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 15.3 | 165.0 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 11.7 | 9.5 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 7.3 | 35.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
85.7 | 82.4 | 77.7 | 70.7 | 72.1 | 72.4 | 70.1 | 69.2 | 76.2 | 82.8 | 87.0 | 87.2 | 77.8 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59.7 | 80.6 | 128.7 | 184.8 | 211.9 | 219.8 | 224.7 | 210.4 | 159.3 | 112.4 | 60.7 | 47.0 | 1,706.5 |
Source 1: NOAA[15]
| |||||||||||||
Source 2: DWD (extremes)[16] |
Administrative division
Weimar abuts the district of Weimarer Land with the municipalities Berlstedt, Ettersburg, Kleinobringen, Großobringen and Wohlsborn in the north, Kromsdorf, Umpferstedt and Mellingen in the east, Vollersroda, Buchfart, Hetschburg, Bad Berka and Troistedt in the south and Nohra, Daasdorf am Berge, Hopfgarten and Ottstedt am Berge in the west.
The city itself is divided into 10 inner urban and 11 suburban districts. The centre is formed by the district Altstadt (old town) and the
The 11 suburban districts are villages which became incorporated during the 20th century; however, they have mostly stayed rural to date:
- Gaberndorf (incorporated in 1994)
- Gelmeroda (1994)
- Legefeld/Holzdorf (1994)
- Niedergrunstedt (1994)
- Oberweimar/Ehringsdorf (1922)
- Possendorf (1994)
- Schöndorf (1939)
- Süßenborn (1994)
- Taubach (1994)
- Tiefurt (1922)
- Tröbsdorf (1994)
Demographics
Over the centuries, Weimar remained a small town of less than 5,000 inhabitants. When it became the capital of Saxe-Weimar in 1572, population growth was stimulated and the population increased from 3,000 in 1650 to 6,000 in 1750. Around the year 1800, Weimar had 7,000 inhabitants. Their number grew constantly over the years to 13,000 in 1850, 28,000 in 1900 and 35,000 at the beginning of World War I. During the interwar period, the new capital of Thuringia saw a population boom, which led to 65,000 inhabitants in 1940. Since that time, the population levels have stagnated. The years 2009 to 2012 brought a moderate growth of approximately 0.35% per year, whereas the population in bordering rural regions is shrinking with accelerating tendency. Suburbanization played only a small role in Weimar. It occurred after the reunification for a short time in the 1990s, but most of the suburban areas were situated within the administrative city borders.
The birth surplus was +3 in 2012, this is +0.0 per 1,000 inhabitants (Thuringian average: −4.5; national average: −2.4). The net migration rate was +4.5 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2012 (Thuringian average: -0.8; national average: +4.6).[17] The most important regions of origin are rural areas of Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony as well as foreign countries like Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria.[citation needed]
Like other eastern German cities, Weimar has a relatively small foreign population (compared to the German average): circa 4.0% are non-Germans by citizenship, while 7.9% have a migrant background (according to
Culture, sights and cityscape
UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
---|---|
Criteria | Cultural: iii, vi |
Reference | 846 |
Inscription | 1998 (22nd Session) |
World Heritage Sites
Two
- The Classical Weimar World Heritage Site consists of 11 sites related to Weimar as a European centre of the Enlightenment during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.[3]
- The Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau World Heritage Site comprises six separate sites, two in Weimar, which are associated with the Bauhaus art school, which had a revolutionary influence on 20th century architectural and aesthetic thinking and practice.[4]
Museums
Weimar has a great variety of museums:
- The Goethe-Nationalmuseum at Frauenplan shows the life of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in his former residence.
- Goethe's garden house in the Park an der Ilm shows an exhibition about Goethe and his connection to nature.
- The Schiller-Museum at Schillerstraße shows the life of Friedrich Schiller in his former residence.
- The Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv at Hans-Wahl-Straße collects the estate of Goethe, Schiller and other various artists. In 2001, it became a member of the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme.
- The Wittumspalais at Theaterplatz shows early-modern court lifestyle with items like furniture and porcelain.
- The Liszt-Haus at Marienstraße shows the life of Franz Liszt in his former summer residence.
- The Nietzsche-Archiv at Humboldtstraße shows the life and estate of Friedrich Nietzsche.
- The Gedenkstätte Buchenwald in former Buchenwald concentration camp commemorates the victims of Nazi terror.
- The Bauhaus-Museum at Theaterplatz shows an exhibition about the Bauhausdesign school.
- The Schlossmuseum inside the residence castle exhibits early-modern antiques and other objects of court life.
- The Duchess Anna Amalia Library at Platz der Demokratie is an important early-modern library with various print objects.
- The Neues Museum at Weimarplatz shows an exhibition of contemporary art.
- The Stadtmuseum at Karl-Liebknecht-Straße exhibits the municipal history of Weimar.
- The Kunsthalle Harry Graf Kessler at Goetheplatz hosts rotating exhibitions of contemporary artists.
- The Haus am Horn at Am Horn street was the first building designed entirely on the design principles of the Bauhaus art school.
- The Fürstengruftat the historic cemetery is a mausoleum of famous Weimar citizens like Goethe and Schiller as well as the dukes of Saxe-Weimar.
- The Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Thüringens (museum of pre- and protohistory of Thuringia) at Humboldtstraße exhibits various objects of early Thuringian history such as archaeological finds.
- The Deutsches Bienenmuseum (German bee museum) at Ilmstraße in Oberweimar district hosts the only pure exhibition about bees and apiculture in Germany.
-
Goethe-Nationalmuseum
-
Schiller-Museum
-
Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv
-
Bauhaus-Museum
-
Neues Museum
-
Stadtmuseum
-
Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Thüringens
Cityscape
The historic city centre of Weimar is situated between the Ilm river in the east, Grabenstraße in the north, Goetheplatz and Theaterplatz in the west and Schillerstraße in the south. Its two central squares are the Marktplatz in the south (with the town hall) and the Herderplatz in the north (with the main church). Despite its medieval origin, there are only a few medieval buildings, many being destroyed by frequent fires throughout the city's history. Most buildings in this area date back to the 17th and 18th century. Furthermore, Weimar has two old suburbs: in the north, the Jakobsvorstadt around St. James' Church (medieval origin) and another one in the south around Frauenplan square. The majority of buildings in these areas are also of 17th- and 18th-century origin. During the late 19th and early 20th century, Weimar grew in all directions. Because of its function as an "officials' city", the houses in these areas are more substantial than in many comparable
Sights and architectural heritage
Religious buildings
The city's main church is the Evangelical
Interesting churches in the suburban districts are the Lutheran parish church of
-
St. Peter and Paul's Church
-
St. James' Church
-
Sacred Heart Church
-
Russian-Orthodox Chapel
-
Gelmeroda Parish Church
-
Oberweimar Parish Church
Castles and palaces
Due to its function as a ducal residence, Weimar is rich in early-modern castles and palaces. The biggest one is the Stadtschloss at Burgplatz in the city centre. Today's four-wing building was started after a great fire in 1774. The tower and the Bastille building at its south-western edge are relics of older castles in this place.
The Fürstenhaus at Platz der Demokratie was the first parliament building in Weimar, established in the 1770s. Today it is in use by the Weimar School of Music. The Green Castle next to the Fürstenhaus was built in the 1560s in Renaissance style and hosts today the Duchess Anna Amalia Library. The Yellow Castle at Grüner Markt was built in 1703 and is the municipal library today. The neighbouring Red Castle is also part of the library and was built in the 1570s. The Wittumspalais is a smaller widow mansion near Theaterplatz, established in 1768. Outbildings of the ducal residence are the Husarenstall (1770), the later residence of Charlotte von Stein at Ackerwand street, the Marstall (1870s) at Kegelplatz, today used as Thuringian State Archive and the Reithaus (1710s) within the Park an der Ilm.
-
Court of the Stadtschloss
-
Fürstenhaus
-
Green Castle
-
Red Castle
-
Wittumspalais
-
Husarenstall
-
Reithaus
Furthermore, there are some impressive ducal country residences around Weimar. They are marked by their beautiful parks and gardens.
-
Schloss Belvedere, main building
-
Schloss Belvedere, side buildings
-
Schloss Ettersburg
-
Schloss Tiefurt
Other sights
- The town hall at Marktplatz was built between 1837 and 1841 in Neo-Gothic style by Heinrich Heß after the former one (15th-century) burnt down.
- The two main buildings of Bauhaus University at Marienstraße are icons of 20th-century early-modern architecture. Both were built by Henry van de Velde between 1904 and 1911. They mark the transition from older Historicism and Art Nouveau to the new international modern style in Germany by their functional forms (e. g. skylights for better working conditions inside).
- The German National Theatre at Theaterplatz was built in 1906/07 in neo-classicist forms. Two predecessors were in use after 1779 and 1825 as ducal court theatres during Weimar's golden age. In 1919, the Weimar National Assembly developed the Weimar Constitution in this theatre.
- The Gauforum at Weimarplatz is a Roman-fascist style representative government district between the city centre and the main station. This Gauforum, designed by Hermann Giesler, was the only realized Nazi government district outside Berlin (whereas there were plans for all German state capitals). Today it hosts the Thuringian Administration State Department.
- The Park an der Ilm is the city's largest park along Ilm river between the ducal palace and the district of Oberweimar. It was established between 1778 and 1833 and is an English landscape garden today, part of UNESCO world heritage. Sights inside the park are Goethe's garden house (1690s) and Römisches Haus (in the style of a Roman temple, 1790s).
- The Historic Cemetery at Karl-Haußknecht-Straße was opened in 1818 and hosts the graves of Goethe, Schiller and many other famous people from Weimar.
- The Goethe-Schiller-Denkmal at Theaterplatz is the most famous memorial in Weimar. It was made by Ernst Rietschelbetween 1852 and 1857 and is dedicated to Goethe and Schiller, the most important poets of German classical literature.
- A rather unknown monument is the Lenin-light-box inside the theatre hall "La Redoute". It's a copy of a stained window by Alexander Leonidovich Korolev that shows Lenin in Petrograd (St. Petersburg).[21]
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Town hall
-
Southern main building of Bauhaus University
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Northern main building of Bauhaus University
-
Theatre and Goethe-Schiller-Denkmal
-
Goethe-Schiller-Denkmal
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One building of the Gauforum
-
The Römisches Haus in Park an der Ilm
Events
The Onion Market (Weimarer Zwiebelmarkt) is an annual festival held in October in Weimar and it is Thuringia's largest festival. The festival is held over 3 days and approximately 500 stalls and more than 100 stage performances are put up across the city.[22]
Weimar first celebrated the Onion Market in 1653. Stalls typically offer onion plaits, themed arts and crafts and numerous onion-based foods, including onion cakes, onion soups and onion breads. The festival also hosts numerous beer gardens, live music, fairground attractions and a Ferris wheel.
There are several clubs with live music once or twice a week. There is also a
Economy and infrastructure
Agriculture, industry and services
The area around Weimar is relatively fertile and 48% of the municipal surface are used for agricultural production. Most common agricultures are cereals, maize and rapeseed, while famous agricultural products from the Weimar region are potatoes (especially from Heichelheim, 7 km (4.3 mi) to the north) for dishes with Thuringian dumplings (Knödel from potatoes), onions (from Heldrungen and Oldisleben, 45 km (28 mi) to the north), which are sold at Weimar Onion Market in October, and Saale-Unstrut wine from Bad Sulza, 25 km (16 mi) to the north-east.
Industry has never been dominant in Weimar, nevertheless there were several big factories from different sectors until 1990. After reunification, nearly all factories got closed, either because they failed the adoption of free market economy or because the German government sold them to west German businessmen who closed them to avoid competition to their own enterprises.[citation needed] On the other hand, the federal government started early in the 1990s to subsidize the foundation of new companies, but it took long time before the economic situation got stabilized around 2006. Since this time, unemployment decreased and overall, new jobs develop. Today, there are many small and medium-sized companies in Weimar with electro-technics and engineering in focus. Nevertheless, settlement of new factories isn't much in focus of the local government, because it concentrates itself on developing tourism and services.[citation needed] The biggest companies with production in Weimar are Bayer (pharmaceutical factory), Coca-Cola (beverages) and Hydrema (dump truck factory). A new big commercial zone was established in the 1990s in the neighbouring municipality of Nohra with focus on logistics and distribution.
Due to its tradition as a capital, Weimar is a centre of governmental services to date. Furthermore, creative branches like media, advertising, architecture and design are important for Weimar's economy. The most important sector is tourism with 3,500 hotel beds, 350,000 visitors and 650,000 overnight stays in hotels in 2012 and a large number of German one-day visitors. Other services like retail, trade fairs and specialized hospitals are more brought by the near neighbour cities Erfurt and Jena with their infrastructure.
Transport
By rail
Weimar is connected by the
In freight transport exists an intermodal terminal in Vieselbach (Güterverkehrszentrum/GVZ) with connection to rail and Autobahn, 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Weimar.
By road
Weimar is located at the Bundesautobahn 4 (Frankfurt–Dresden). Furthermore, there are two federal roads to Erfurt and Jena (Bundesstraße 7) and to Rudolstadt and Kölleda (Bundesstraße 85) as well as some regional roads to Sömmerda, Oßmannstedt and Magdala. A bypass road around Weimar was built in the 2000s in the north and west; the eastern and southern continuation are in discussion, but not in definite planning because of some difficulties in routing.
By aviation
The
By bike
Biking is becoming more popular since the construction of quality cycle tracks began in the 1990s. For tourism, there are the Ilm track and the Thuringian city string track (Radweg Thüringer Städtekette). Both connect points of tourist interest, the first along the Ilm valley from the Thuringian Forest to the Saale river and the second close to medieval Via Regia from Eisenach via Gotha, Erfurt, Weimar, and Jena to Altenburg. Additionally, there are themed routes like the Goethe cycle track and the Feininger cycle track. For inner city everyday traffic, some cycle lanes exist along several main streets. Bike rental is offered in the city centre.
Bus service
For a small city, Weimar is well served by city bus routes, which also serve all of the surrounding towns and villages. An hourly bus route serves the Buchenwald Memorial and oldtimer buses operate in the city's historical centre. All bus routes are connected at Goethe Square in the city centre, and many also serve the main railway station. Trams served the city from 1899 to 1937. Trolleybus service started in 1948 and was discontinued in 1993.[25]
Education
After the reunification, the educational system was realigned. Some academies were combined into the new
The most important archives in Weimar are the Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv (member of UNESCO Memory of the World Programme) with focus on German literary history and the Thuringia Main State Archive with governmental documents from last 500 years. The Duchess Anna Amalia Library hosts books and documents of German literary and cultural history.
Politics
Mayor and city council
The most recent mayoral election was held on 15 April 2018, and the results were as follows:
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Peter Kleine | Independent (CDU/Weimarwerk) | 15,069 | 60.3 | |
Stefan Wolf | Social Democratic Party | 5,359 | 21.5 | |
Jan Kreyßig | Alliance 90/The Greens | 3,800 | 15.2 | |
Hagen Hultzsch | Free Democratic Party | 745 | 3.0 | |
Valid votes | 24,973 | 99.1 | ||
Invalid votes | 232 | 0.9 | ||
Total | 25,205 | 100.0 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 51,778 | 48.7 | ||
Source: Wahlen in Thüringen |
The most recent city council election was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows:
Party | Lead candidate | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | Ann-Sophie Bohm-Eisenbrandt | 16,830 | 18.5 | 3.0 | 8 | 1 | |
Weimarwerk Citizens' Alliance | Wolfgang Hölzer | 16,325 | 17.9 | 3.5 | 7 | 1 | |
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | Peter Krause | 15,972 | 17.5 | 6.1 | 7 | 3 | |
The Left (Die Linke) | Jana Körber | 14,812 | 16.2 | 3.2 | 7 | 1 | |
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | Thomas Hartung | 12,050 | 13.2 | 4.9 | 6 | 2 | |
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | Heike Gnatowski | 10,074 | 11.0 | New | 5 | New | |
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | Hagen Hultzsch | 3,322 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 1 | ±0 | |
Pirate Party Germany (Piraten) | Oliver Kröning | 1,797 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 1 | ±0 | |
Valid votes | 30,686 | 96.4 | |||||
Invalid votes | 1,155 | 3.6 | |||||
Total | 31,841 | 100.0 | 42 | ±0 | |||
Electorate/voter turnout | 51,736 | 61.5 | 11.9 | ||||
Source: Wahlen in Thüringen |
Lord Mayor
List of mayors and lord mayors (since 1793)
The years behind the names indicate the years of office, whereby the year of office did not correspond to the calendar year.
Since 1838, the city has had a lord mayor.[26]
- 1793–1797: Johann Heinrich Siegmund Rentsch
- 1798–1811: Carl Adolph Schultze
- 1811–1813: Daniel Wilhelm Brunnquell
- 1813: Carl Christian August Paulssen
- 1814–1820: Bernhard Friedrich Rudolph Kuhn
- 1820–1838: Carl Leberecht Schwabe
- 1838–1850: Carl Georg Hase
- 1851–1866: Wilhelm Christian Friedrich Bock
- 1867–1873: Otto Schäffer
- 1873–1875: Leo Fürbringer (conservative)
- 1875–1910: Karl Pabst (liberal)
- 1910–1920: Martin Donndorf (non-party)
- 1920–1937: Walther Felix Mueller (non-party)
- 1937–1945: Otto Koch (NSDAP)
- 15–30 April 1945: Erich Kloss (non-party)
- 1 April–5 November 1945: Fritz Behr (SPD)
- 1945–1946: Otto Faust (SPD/SED)
- 1946–1948: Gerhard Hempel (LDP)
- 1948–1953: Hermann Buchterkirchen (CDU)
- 1953–1959: Hans Wiedemann (politician) (CDU)
- 1960–1969: Luitpold Steidle (CDU)
- 1969–1970: Paul Ullmann (CDU)
- 1970–1982: Franz Kirchner (CDU)
- 1982–1989: Gerhard Baumgärtel (CDU)
- 1989–1990: Volkhardt Germer (acting) (SED)
- 6–2 June. July 1990: Wolfgang Hentzschel (CDU)
- 27 July 1990 – 1994: Klaus Büttner (CDU)
- 1994–2006: Volkhardt Germer (non-party)
- 2006–2018: Stefan Wolf (SPD)
- since 1 July 2018: Peter Kleine (independent, for CDU and Weimarwerk Civic Alliance)
Twin towns – sister cities
- Blois, France
- Hämeenlinna, Finland
- Siena, Italy
- Trier, Germany
- Zamość, Poland
Friendly cities
Weimar also has friendly relations with:[28]
Notable people
Notes
- Latin: Vimaria or Vinaria
References
- ^ Gewählte Bürgermeister – aktuelle Landesübersicht Archived 13 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Freistaat Thüringen, accessed 13 July 2021.
- Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik. June 2023.
- ^ a b "Classical Weimar". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- ^ Gitta Günther, Wolfram Huschke, and Walter Steiner, Weimar (Böhlau, 1993), p. 494.
- ^ Sturm, Reinhard (23 December 2011). "Weimarer Republik: Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik 1918/19" [Weimar Republic: From Empire to Republic 1918/19]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
- ^ Bartel, Walter: Buchenwald—Mahnung und Verpflichtung: Dokumente und Berichte (Buchenwald: Warnings and our obligation [to future generations]—Documents and reports), Kongress-Verlag, 1960. p. 87, line 8. (in German)
- ^ Podcast with one of 2000 Danish policemen in Buchenwald. Archived 13 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Episode 6 is about statistics for the number of deaths at Buchenwald.
- ^ Victor, Edward (2001). "Buchenwald". www.edwardvictor.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
- ^ Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946, Stackpole Books (Revised Edition 2006), p. 150
- ^ Sarah Helm (23 May 1996), 'Weimar Triangle' takes shape for power The Independent.
- ^ Herwig, Malte (22 October 2007). "Phoenix from the Flames: Weimar's Duchess Anna Amalia Library Re-Opens". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012 – via Spiegel Online.
- (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ISSN 1027-5606. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2013. (direct: Final Revised Paper Archived 3 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ "Erfurt-Weimar Climate Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ "Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw" (in German). DWD. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ According to Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik Archived 12 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Population depending on citizenship (groups) and migrant background and experience". Zensus 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Arbeitsmarkt im Überblick – Berichtsmonat Dezember 2019 – Weimar, Stadt". Bundesagentur für Arbeit (in German). Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Population depending on sex and religion (in detail)". Zensus 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "The light box". 14 March 2017. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ^ Festivals & Concerts, Leisure (August 2011). "October 7th to 9th: the Onion Festival in Weimar". AroundGermany. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011.
- ^ "Cinemagnum 3D Kino Weimar | Weimar Atrium". Archived from the original on 9 April 2013.
- ^ "Bowling | Weimar Atrium". Archived from the original on 25 February 2013.
- ISBN 0-904235-18-1.
- ^ Weimars Stadtoberhäupter seit 1793. Archived 20 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine In: stadt.weimar.de, retrieved 24 April 2019
- ^ "Partnerstädte". stadt.weimar.de (in German). Weimar. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ "City friendships". stadt.weimar.de. Weimar. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
Further reading
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Weimar". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.