Wesley Clark
Wesley Clark | |
---|---|
Birth name | Wesley J. Kanne |
Born | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. | December 23, 1944
Allegiance | United States |
Service/ | United States Army |
Years of service | 1966–2000 |
Rank | General |
Commands held | Supreme Allied Commander Europe United States Southern Command |
Battles/wars | |
Awards | MMAS ) |
Spouse(s) |
Gertrude Kingston (m. 1967) |
Signature | |
Website | http://wesleykclark.com/ |
Wesley Kanne Clark (born Wesley J. Kanne, December 23, 1944) is a retired
In 2003, Clark
Clark has his own consulting firm, Wesley K. Clark and Associates, and is chairman and CEO of Enverra, a licensed boutique investment bank.[6] He has worked with over 100 private and public companies on energy, security, and financial services. Clark is engaged in business in North America, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Latin America and Asia. Between July 2012 and November 2015, he was an honorary special advisor to Romanian prime minister Victor Ponta on economic and security matters.[7][8]
Early life and education
Clark's father's family was Jewish; his paternal grandparents, Jacob Kanne and Ida Goldman,
Kanne came from the Kohen family line,[12] and Clark's son has characterized Clark's parents' marriage, between his Methodist mother, Veneta (née Updegraff), and his Jewish father, Benjamin Jacob Kanne,[13] as "about as multicultural as you could've gotten in 1944".[14]
Clark was born Wesley J. Kanne in Chicago on December 23, 1944.
He graduated from
Military career
Clark's military career began July 2, 1962, when he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. He later said that Douglas MacArthur's famous "Duty, honor, country" speech was an important influence on his view of the military. The speech was given to the class of 1962 several months before Clark entered West Point, but a recording was played for his class when they first arrived.[14][25]
Clark sat in the front in many of his classes, a position held by the highest performer in class. Clark participated heavily in
Clark applied for a
Vietnam War
Clark was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division and flew to Vietnam in July 1969, during the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. He worked as a staff officer, collecting data and helping in operations planning, and was awarded the Bronze Star for his work with the staff. Clark was then given command of A Company, 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry of the 1st Infantry Division in January 1970. In February, only one month into his command, he was shot four times by a Viet Cong soldier with an AK-47. The wounded Clark shouted orders to his men, who counterattacked and defeated the Viet Cong force. Clark had injuries to his right shoulder, right hand, right hip, and right leg, and was sent to Valley Forge Army Hospital in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, to recuperate. He was awarded the Silver Star and the Combat Infantryman Badge for his actions during the encounter.[27]
Clark converted to Catholicism, his wife Gertrude's religion, while in Vietnam. He saw his son, Wesley Clark, Jr., for the first time while at the
Clark graduated as the Distinguished Graduate and
Post-Vietnam War
In 1975, Clark was appointed a
The brigade commander had also said that "word of Major Clark's exceptional talent spread", and in one case reached the desk of then
Following his graduation, Clark worked in Washington, D.C., from July 1983 to 1984 in the offices of the
Clark returned to Fort Irwin and commanded the
Fort Hood
Clark's divisional command came with the
His Officer Evaluation Report (OER) for his command at Fort Hood called him "one of the Army's best and brightest".[42] Clark was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his work at Fort Hood and was promoted to lieutenant general at the end of his command in 1994. Clark's next assignment was an appointment as the Director, Strategic Plans and Policy (J5), on the staff of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), from April 1994 to June 1996.[30][43] In this position, he helped develop and coordinate world-wide US military policy and strategy. He participated with Richard Holbrooke in the Dayton Peace Process, which ended the Bosnian war in former Yugoslavia. During this period, he also participated in "back-stopping" nuclear negotiations in Korea, planning the restoration of democracy in Haiti, shifting the United States Southern Command headquarters from Panama to Miami, imposing tougher restrictions on Saddam Hussein, rewriting the National Military Strategy, and developing Joint Vision 2010 for future US war-fighting.[44]
United States Southern Command
Army regulations set a so-called "ticking clock" upon promotion to a three-star general, essentially requiring that Clark be promoted to another post within two years from his initial promotion or retire.
Balkans
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Clark began planning work for responses to the
Clark was sent to Bosnia by
Clark returned to the European theater and the Balkans following his
Kosovo War
The largest event of Clark's tenure as SACEUR was NATO's confrontation with the
On orders from President Clinton, Clark started the bombings codenamed
Clark returned to SHAPE following the summit and briefed the press on the continued bombing operations. A reporter from the Los Angeles Times asked a question about the effect of bombings on Serbian forces, and Clark noted that merely counting the number of opposing troops did not show Milošević's true losses because he was bringing in reinforcements. Many American news organizations capitalized on the remark in a way Clark said "distorted the comment" with headlines such as "NATO Chief Admits Bombs Fail to Stem Serb Operations" in The New York Times. Clark later defended his remarks, saying this was a "complete misunderstanding of my statement and of the facts," and President Clinton agreed that Clark's remarks were misconstrued. Regardless, Clark received a call the following evening from Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Hugh Shelton, who said he had been told by Secretary Cohen to deliver a piece of guidance verbatim: "Get your fucking face off the TV. No more briefings, period. That's it."[64][65]
The bombing campaign received criticism when it
The bombing campaign ended on June 10, 1999, on the order of
Milošević's term in office in Yugoslavia was coming to an end, and the elections that came on September 24, 2000, were protested due to allegations of fraud and rigged elections. This all came to a head on October 5 in the so-called
Incident at Pristina airport
One of Clark's most controversial decisions during his SACEUR command was his attempted operation at Priština International Airport immediately after the end of the Kosovo War. Russian forces had arrived in Kosovo and were heading for the airport on June 12, 1999, two days after the bombing campaign ended, expecting to help police that section of Kosovo. Clark, on the other hand, had planned for the Kosovo Force to police the area. Clark called then-Secretary General of NATO, Javier Solana, and was told "of course you have to get to the airport" and "you have transfer of authority" in the area.
The British commander of the Kosovo Force, General
Jackson's refusal was criticized by some senior U.S. military personnel, with General
Retirement
Clark received another call from General Shelton in July 1999 in which he was told that Secretary Cohen wanted Clark to leave his command in April 2000, less than three years after he assumed the post. Clark was surprised by this, because he believed SACEURs were expected to serve at least three years.[86] Clark was told that this was necessary because General Joseph Ralston was leaving his post as the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and would need another 4-star command within 60 days or he would be forced to retire. Ralston was not going to be appointed Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff due to an extramarital affair in his past, and the SACEUR position was said to be the last potential post for him.[87] Clark said this explanation "didn't wash"; he believed the legal issues did not necessarily bar him from a full term.[88] Clinton signed on to Ralston's reassignment, although David Halberstam wrote that the president and Madeleine Albright were angered at Clark's treatment. Clark spent the remainder of his time as SACEUR overseeing peacekeeper forces and, without a new command to take, was forced into retirement from the military on May 2, 2000.[89][90]
Rumors persisted that Clark was forced out due to his contentious relationship with some in Washington, D.C.; however, he has dismissed such rumors, calling it a "routine personnel action". The Department of Defense said it was merely a "general rotation of American senior ranks".[91] However, a NATO ambassador told the International Herald Tribune that Clark's dismissal seemed to be a "political thing from the United States".[92] General Shelton, working for the competing presidential campaign of John Edwards in 2003–2004,[93] said of Clark during his 2004 campaign that "the reason he came out of Europe early had to do with integrity and character issues, things that are very near and dear to my heart. I'm not going to say whether I'm a Republican or a Democrat. I'll just say Wes won't get my vote."[94] Shelton never elaborated further on what these issues were.[95]
Civilian career
Clark was chairman of the investment bank Rodman Renshaw, which filed for bankruptcy. The bank's questionable practices and Clark's direct role were detailed in the hit documentary film The China Hustle.[96] Clark began a
Clark had amassed only about $3.1 million towards his $40 million goal by 2003, and he began considering running for public office instead of pursuing his business career.[98]
Clark is also a member of the Atlantic Council's board of directors.[99]
2004 presidential campaign
Clark has said that he began to truly define his politics only after his military retirement and the
Clark met with a group of wealthy New York Democrats including
A "
In June 2003, Clark said that he was "seriously consider[ing]" running for president in an appearance on Meet the Press.[105] Clark announced his candidacy for the
Clark's loyalty to the Democratic Party was questioned by some as soon as he entered the race. Senator
Clark, coming from a non-political background, had no position papers to define his agenda for the public. Once in the campaign, however, several volunteers established a network of connections with the media, and Clark began to explain his stances on a variety of issues. He was, as he had told
Some have speculated that Clark's inexperience at giving "
Another media incident started during the New Hampshire primary September 27, 2003, when Clark was asked by
Several polls from September to November 2003 showed Clark leading the Democratic field of candidates or as a close second to
Post-2004 campaign
Clark continued to speak in support of Kerry (and the eventual Kerry/Edwards ticket) throughout the remainder of the 2004 presidential campaign, including speaking at the
Clark campaigned heavily throughout the
Clark has opposed taking military action against Iran and in January 2007 he criticized what he called "New York money people" pushing for a war. This led to accusations of antisemitism.[134]
In September 2007 Clark's memoir A Time to Lead: For Duty, Honor and Country. In the book Clark alleged that during a visit to the Pentagon in the autumn of 2001 after 9/11, a "senior general" told him that the Office of the Secretary of Defense had produced a confidential paper proposing a series of regime change operations in seven countries over a period of five years. He had made the allegation a number of times in public and media appearances in 2006 and 2007. The book also described a conversation Clark had with Paul Wolfowitz in May 1991 after the Gulf War, quoting Wolfowitz as lamenting the non-removal of Saddam Hussein, but also telling him that "...we did learn one thing that's very important. With the end of the Cold War, we can now use our military with impunity. The Soviets won't come in to block us. And we've got five, maybe 10, years to clean up these old Soviet surrogate regimes like Iraq and Syria before the next superpower emerges to challenge us...".[135]
Clark serves on the Advisory Boards of the Global Panel Foundation and the National Security Network. He is also the chairman of Enverra,[136] and was also chairman of Rodman & Renshaw, a New York investment bank,[137] and Growth Energy.[138] His chairmanship at Rodman & Renshaw is part of the documentary The China Hustle. Clark is interviewed about his involvement in selling toxic stocks of unregulated Chinese companies; eventually though, he exits the interview to avoid association with Rodman & Renshaw, which went bankrupt in 2013.[139] The film speculates that the company used his name as chairman to gain legitimacy for its operations.[140]
Tiversa
In July 2007, Clark testified before the United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability about the discovery of classified information on file-sharing networks by the cybersecurity firm Tiversa, where he served on the board of advisers.[141][142][143]
Speculation of 2008 presidential campaign
Clark was mentioned as a potential 2008 presidential candidate on the Democratic ticket before endorsing Hillary Clinton for president.[144] Before that time, he was ranked within the top Democratic candidates according to some Internet polls.[145][146] After endorsing Hillary Clinton, Clark campaigned for her in Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada, and Ohio and in campaign commercials. There are many reports that Clinton had already decided to choose Clark to be her running mate had she won the nomination. The Clinton campaign even considered picking Clark as a running mate with the team running together in the primaries, though the idea was later abandoned.[147] After Barack Obama secured the Democratic nomination, Clark voiced his support for Obama.[5] Clark was considered to be one of Obama's possible vice-presidential running mates. Clark, however, publicly endorsed Kansas governor Kathleen Sebelius for the position, introducing her as "the next Vice President of the United States" at a June 2008 fundraiser in Texas.[148] Obama eventually chose Joe Biden as his running mate.[149]
McCain military service controversy
On June 29, 2008, Clark made comments on Face the Nation that were critical of Republican John McCain, calling into question the notion that McCain's military service alone had given him experience relevant to being president. "I certainly honor [McCain's] service as a prisoner of war", Clark said, "but he hasn't held executive responsibility. That large squadron in the Navy that he commanded—it wasn't a wartime squadron. He hasn't been in there and ordered the bombs to fall."[150] When moderator Bob Schieffer noted that Obama had no military experience to prepare him for the presidency nor had he "ridden in a fighter plane and gotten shot down", Clark responded that, ultimately, Obama had not based his presidential bid on his military experience, as McCain has done throughout his campaign. Clark's retort, however, is what drew rebuke. In referring to McCain's military experience, he stated: "Well, I don't think riding in a fighter plane and getting shot down is a qualification to be president."[151] Both the McCain and Obama campaigns subsequently released statements rejecting Clark's comment. However, Clark has received the backing of several prominent liberal groups such as MoveOn.org and military veteran groups such as VoteVets.org; Obama ultimately stated that Clark's comments were "inartful" and were not intended to attack McCain's military service.[152] In the days following the controversial interview, Clark went on several news programs to reiterate his true admiration and heartfelt support for McCain's military service as a fellow veteran who had been wounded in combat.[153][154] In each program, Clark reminded the commentator and the viewing public that while he honored McCain's service, he had serious concerns about McCain's judgment in matters of national security policy, calling McCain "untested and untried".[155]
Book on modern wars
In Clark's book Winning Modern Wars, published in 2003, he describes his conversation with a military officer in the Pentagon shortly after 9/11 regarding a plan to attack seven countries in five years: "As I went back through the Pentagon in November 2001, one of the senior military staff officers had time for a chat. Yes, we were still on track for going against Iraq, he said. But there was more. This was being discussed as part of a five-year campaign plan, he said, and there were a total of seven countries, beginning with Iraq, then Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and finishing off Iran."[156][157][158] Clark regards the 2003 invasion of Iraq as "a huge mistake".[159]
Paradise Papers
On November 5, 2017, the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment, revealed that online gambling company The Stars Group, then Amaya, along with its former member of board of directors Wesley Clark, did business with offshore law firm Appleby.[160][161]
Reality television career
Clark was the host of Stars Earn Stripes, a reality television program that aired on NBC for four episodes in 2012. The program followed celebrities who competed in challenges based on U.S. military exercises.
Awards and honors
Wesley Clark has been awarded numerous honors, awards, and knighthoods over the course of his military and civilian career. Notable military awards include the
Bibliography
- Don't Wait for the Next War: A Strategy for American Growth and Global Leadership. New York: PublicAffairs. 2014. ISBN 978-1-61039-433-8.
- A Time to Lead: For Duty, Honor and Country. St Martin's Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1403984746.
- Great Generals series. Palgrave Macmillan. 2006. (foreword)
- Winning Modern Wars: Iraq, Terrorism, and the American Empire. New York: PublicAffairs. 2004. ISBN 1-58648-277-7.
- Waging Modern War: Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Future of Combat. New York: PublicAffairs. 2001. ISBN 1-58648-043-X.
References
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- ^ Fouhy, Beth (September 16, 2007). "Wesley Clark Endorses Hillary Clinton". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
- ^ a b Clark, Wesley (June 6, 2008). "Unite Behind Barack Obama". Securing America. Archived from the original on June 15, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
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- ^ Press statements by PM Victor Ponta and General Wesley K. Clark appointed as Special Adviser to Prime Minister on security and economic strategy matters, at the end of the Executive meeting Archived October 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ "White House Assigns Fellow to OMB Office," Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, June 29, 1975.
- ^ Felix, p. 105. "The commander at Fort Carson, Gen. John Hudachek, had a well-known aversion to West Point cadets and fast-risers like Clark. Even though Clark made quick and outstanding progress with the armor unit, Hudachek expressed his attitude towards Clark by omitting him from a list of battalion commanders selected to greet a congressional delegation visiting the base." Colin Powell also ran afoul of Maj. Gen. Hudachek—see Colin Powell, My American Journey.
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- ^ a b Nominations before the Senate Armed Services Committee, First Session, 105th Congress. July 9, 1997.
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- ^ To End a War by Richard Holbrooke, New York: Random House, 1999, p. 9.
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- ^ Clark, Waging, p. 273.
- ^ Felix, pp. 140–43.
- ^ "No justice for the victims of NATO bombings". Amnesty International. April 23, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
- ^ Chomsky, Noam (January 19, 2015). "Chomsky: Paris attacks show hypocrisy of West's outrage". CNN.
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- ^ Tenet, George (July 22, 1999). "DCI Statement on the Belgrade Chinese Embassy Bombing House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Open Hearing". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
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- ^ The Impact of the Laws of War in Contemporary Conflicts (PDF) by Adam Roberts on April 10, 2003 at a seminar at Princeton University titled "The Emerging International System – Actors, Interactions, Perceptions, Security". Retrieved January 25, 2007.
- ^ "Two die in Apache crash". BBC News. May 5, 1999. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the NATO Bombing Campaign Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, para. 53. Available on the ICTY website. Also published in 39 International Legal Materials 1257–83 (2000).
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- ^ a b "How James Blunt saved us from World War 3". The Independent. November 15, 2010.
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- ^ "Clark's Announcement speech in Little Rock". Archived from the original on October 8, 2003. Retrieved May 12, 2017. by Wesley K. Clark hosted on Clark04 on September 17, 2003. Retrieved February 4, 2007.
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- ^ Video of Clark's speech from The Washington Post website on July 29, 2004. Retrieved January 31, 2007. Full schedule can be seen here.
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- Salon. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
- ^ Wesley Clark's LinkedIn profile. [1]. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- ^ Rodman & Renshaw (2009). Board of Directors. Retrieved October 16, 2009.
- ^ "General Wesley Clark Announced as Growth Energy Co-Chairman". Growth Energy. February 5, 2009. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
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- ^ Rugaber, Christopher (July 24, 2007). "House panel scrutinizes threats of file-sharing". NBC News.
"The American people would be totally outraged if they were aware of what is inadvertently shared ... by government agencies," said retired Gen. Wesley Clark, who is on the advisory board of Tiversa Inc., a data security company. Clark did not name the defense contractors whose computing passwords were compromised.
- ^ Katchadourian, Raffa (October 28, 2019). "A Cybersecurity Firm's Sharp Rise and Stunning Collapse". The New Yorker.
In 2006, a more significant investor signed on: Adams Capital Management, named for its founder Joel Adams, a Pittsburgh venture capitalist. [...] Adams Capital invested more than four million in Tiversa, and helped secure an all-star board of advisers. Maynard Webb, the former eBay executive and chairman of Yahoo!, joined, and he brought on other executives from Silicon Valley. Howard Schmidt became an adviser, and soon afterward was appointed the cybersecurity czar for the Obama Administration. General Wesley Clark, the former Supreme Allied Commander of nato, came on, and developed a good rapport with Boback, who sold his practice to devote himself to Tiversa full time.
- ^ "Retired 4-star endorses Clinton for president – Army News, opinions, editorials, news from Iraq, photos, reports". Army Times. September 16, 2007. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
- ^ Web Poll results Archived August 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine from ChooseOurPresident2008 by Alex Christensen. Retrieved October 3, 2006.
- ^ 2008 straw poll by kos for DailyKos on January 16, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2007.
- ^ Healy, Patrick (November 19, 2007). "Clinton and Clark Campaign in Iowa".
- ^ "Clark touts Sebelius as VP | Wichita Eagle Blogs". Blogs.kansas.com. June 4, 2008. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ "Obama introduces Biden as running mate". CNN. August 23, 2008. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "TPMtv: Wesley Clark Hyperventorama". July 1, 2008. Retrieved March 5, 2009 – via YouTube.
- ^ ""Attacking" McCain's Military Record". CJR. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
- ^ "Retrieved July 7, 2008". Politico. July 2008. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
- ^ "Retrieved July 8, 2008". CNN. November 16, 2006. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
- ^ "Retrieved July 8, 2008". NBC News. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
- ^ "Retrieved July 8, 2008". NBC News. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
- ^ Wesley Clark, Winning Modern Wars (New York: Public Affairs, 2003), 130.
- ^ Steven, David. "The full, crazy plan". Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ ""Seven countries in five years"". Salon. October 12, 2007. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ Clark, Wesley (August 10, 2017). "The US has only one option on North Korea's nuclear threat now". CNBC News. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
- ^ "Wesley K. Clark". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. November 2017.
- ^ "Trump's cabinet members amongst those named in Paradise Papers Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine". Daily Balochistan Express. November 6, 2017.
- ^ U.S. Military decorations Archived November 4, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ International honors Archived July 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- American Academy of Achievement.
- ^ Civilian honors Archived July 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "4th image down from". Awesclarkdemocrat.com. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ "Former NATO commander, retired Gen. Wesley Clark to visit Kosovo". Kosovareport.blogspot.com. May 24, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ Google search results containing real estate listings for Wesley Clark Blvd in Madison, Alabama.
- ^ Transcript of Countdown with Keith Olbermann show on NBC News where he mentions road named after Clark in Alabama.
- ^ Announcement by architect upon completion of negotiations granting municipal approval for construction of "General Clark Court" in Northern Village subsection in Virginia Beach area of the state of Virginia. Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Library, CNN. "Wesley Clark Fast Facts". CNN. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
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has generic name (help) - ^ "List of Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award Winners". Prague Society. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
Further reading
- Felix, Antonia (2004). Wesley K. Clark: A Biography. New York: Newmarket Press. ISBN 1-55704-625-5.
External links
- Draft Clark for President (archive only)
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Wesley Clark Issue positions and quotes
- Wesley Clark collected news stories and commentary
- Wesley Clark Speaks About His New Memoir, War, and the Upcoming Election
- Video: Wesley Clark discusses Asia Society Task Force Report on US Policy in Burma at the Asia Society, New York, April 7, 2010
- Wesley Clark at IMDb