Wesley Merritt

Wesley Merritt
1st American Military Governor of the Philippines
In office August 14, 1898 – August 30, 1898
Preceded by	Diego de los Ríos (as Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines)
Succeeded by	Elwell Stephen Otis
Personal details
Born	(1836-06-16)June 16, 1836 New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	December 3, 1910(1910-12-03) (aged 74) Natural Bridge, Virginia, U.S.
Spouse(s)	Caroline Warren Merritt (1849 – June 12, 1893); Laura Williams Merritt
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Army
Years of service	1860–1900
Rank	Major General
Battles/wars	List American Civil War Chancellorsville campaign Battle of Chancellorsville Gettysburg campaign Battle of Brandy Station Battle of Upperville Battle of Gettysburg Overland campaign Battle of Yellow Tavern Sheridan's Shenandoah Valley campaign Third Battle of Winchester Appomattox campaign Battle of Five Forks Great Sioux War of 1876 Battle of Slim Buttes Spanish–American War Pacific Theater Battle of Manila

Wesley Merritt (June 16, 1836 – December 3, 1910)^[1] was an American major general who served in the cavalry of the United States Army during the American Civil War, American Indian Wars, and Spanish–American War. Following the latter war, he became the first American Military Governor of the Philippines.

Early life

Merritt was born in New York City. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1860 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 2nd Dragoons, serving initially in Utah under John Buford. He became the adjutant for the unit when it was renamed the 2nd Cavalry Regiment.

American Civil War

In 1862, Merritt was appointed captain in the 2nd Cavalry and served as an aide-de-camp to Brig. Gen. Philip St. George Cooke, who commanded the Cavalry Department of the Army of the Potomac. He served in the defenses of Washington, D.C., for the rest of 1862.^[2] In 1863, he was appointed adjutant for Maj. Gen. George Stoneman and participated in Stoneman's Raid in the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863.

He was slightly wounded in the Battle of Brandy Station; on June 29, 1863, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers for his "gallant and meritorious service" at Brandy Station and Upperville. Being promoted directly from captain to brigadier general was an unusual step, even for the Civil War, but Merritt shared this honor on that date with Captain Elon J. Farnsworth^[3] and Captain George Armstrong Custer.

In the

was killed.

During Maj. Gen.

.

In June 1865, Merritt was appointed command of Cavalry Forces of the Military Division of the Southwest, commanded by Sheridan. He led the 1st Division of Cavalry to march from

, as part of the Union occupation forces on an arduous 33-day 600-mile march between July 9 and August 11, 1865. On January 28, 1866, Merritt was one of a number of brevetted generals mustered out of volunteer service and returned to their pre-war ranks in the regular army.

Frontier duty and West Point

After the war's end, Merritt continued to serve in the cavalry along the frontier. He was appointed

.

As colonel of the 5th Cavalry, Merritt was a member of the court of inquiry which first sat on January 13, 1879, presided over by Colonel

(June 25 to 26, 1876); which resulted in the death of General George Armstrong Custer and over 200 men of the 7th Cavalry.

He served on the frontier until being appointed

, a post he filled from 1882 to 1887. In 1887, he was appointed brigadier general in the Regular Army. He was promoted to major general in the U.S. Army in 1895.

Merritt was a companion of the Illinois Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

Spanish–American War

After

.

When Merritt arrived in Manila, he and Dewey made preparations for the attack on the city. The two intentionally kept Emilio Aguinaldo in the dark about the plans for the attack because the Americans did not want Aguinaldo's forces to end up in control of the city. Merritt and Dewey made arrangements with Governor General Fermín Jáudenes, commander of the Spanish garrison, to surrender the city to the American forces after the latter put up a token resistance. The city fell to the Americans on August 13, 1898, and Merritt became the first American military governor of the Philippines. Merritt was relieved by Major General Elwell Stephen Otis on August 30 to advise the United States delegation in the peace negotiations leading to the Treaty of Paris.

Based on his Spanish–American War service, Merritt became a member of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of Foreign Wars.^[4]

Family and death

Merritt was married twice. His first wife was Caroline Warren Merritt, who died on June 12, 1893, at the age of 44. She is buried at West Point Cemetery. Merritt's second wife was Laura Williams Caton, daughter of John D. Caton,^[1] whom he met in the late 1890s, when she was in her mid-twenties. General Merritt and Laura Williams were married in London on October 24, 1898.

General Merritt retired from the Army in 1900 and died from complications of arteriosclerosis in Natural Bridge, Virginia, at the age of 74, on December 3, 1910. He is buried at West Point Cemetery.

Portrayal in the media

• Portrayed by Greg Dorris in the Filipino film, Heneral Luna (2015).

See also

• List of American Civil War generals (Union)

Notes

References

• Eicher, John H., and
  ISBN 0-8047-3641-3
  .
• Online biography at the Wayback Machine (archived February 13, 2006)
• "Wesley Merritt". American Battlefield Trust. Retrieved 20 March 2020.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wesley Merritt.

• "Merritt, Wesley" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 173.
• "Merritt, Wesley" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 31 (12th ed.). 1922. p. 914.

Military offices
Preceded by Oliver Otis Howard	Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1882–1887	Succeeded by John G. Parke
Government offices
Preceded by None (post created August 14, 1898)	Military Governor of the Philippines August 14–29, 1898	Succeeded by Elwell S. Otis