West Asia
Population density | 50.1/km2 (130/sq mi) |
---|---|
GDP (PPP) | $9.063 trillion (2019)[3] |
GDP (nominal) | $3.383 trillion (2019)[3] |
GDP per capita | $10,793 (2019; nominal)[3] $28,918 (2019; PPP)[3] |
HDI | 0.699 (medium) |
Ethnic groups | Semitic, Turkic, Iranic, Armenian, North Caucasian, Georgians, Hellenic, Indo-Aryan, etc. |
Religions | Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Baháʼí, Druzism, Yarsanism, Yazidism, Zoroastrianism, Mandaeism, Hinduism, Buddhism, etc. |
Demonym | West Asian Western Asian |
Countries |
3 unrecognized |
Dependencies | Akrotiri and Dhekelia |
Languages | Official languages Other languages
|
Time zones | 5 time zones |
Internet TLD | .ae, .am, .az, .bh, .cy, .eg, .ge, .il, .iq, .ir, .jo, .kw, .lb, .om, .ps, .qa, .sa, .sy, .tr, .ye |
Calling code | Zone 9 except Armenia, Cyprus (Zone 3) & Sinai (Zone 2) |
Largest cities | |
urban areas of the world by population |
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of
West Asia covers an area of 5,994,935 km2 (2,314,657 sq mi), with a population of about 313 million.[1][2] Of the 20 UN member countries fully or partly within the region, 13 are part of the Arab world. The most populous countries in West Asia are Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
In the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD), West Asia excludes the Arabian Peninsula and includes Afghanistan.[8] The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) excludes Egypt and includes Afghanistan.[9] The United Nations Environment Programme excludes Cyprus, Israel, Turkey, and Iran from West Asia.[10]
Definition
The term West Asia is used pragmatically and has no "correct" or generally accepted definition. Its typical definitions overlap substantially, but not entirely, with definitions of the terms
Unlike the UNIDO, the
National members of West Asian sports governing bodies are limited to Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Syria, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.[15][16][17] The Olympic Council of Asia's multi-sport event West Asian Games are contested by athletes representing these 13 countries. Among the region's sports organisations are the West Asia Basketball Association, West Asian Billiards and Snooker Federation, West Asian Football Federation, and the West Asian Tennis Federation.
History
"Western Asia" was in use as a geographical term in the early 19th century, before "
Use of the term in the context of contemporary geopolitics or world economy appears to date from at least the mid-1960s.[23]
Geography
The region is surrounded by eight major seas; the Aegean Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.
To the northwest and north, the region is delimited from
The Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut deserts in eastern Iran naturally delimit the region from Balochistan and South Asia.
Geology
Plate tectonics
Three major
Water resources
Several major
Climate
West Asia is primarily
There are two wind phenomena in West Asia: the sharqi and the shamal. The sharqi (or sharki) is a wind that comes from the south and southeast. It is seasonal, lasting from April to early June, and comes again between late September and November. The winds are dry and dusty, with occasional gusts up to 80 kilometres per hour (50 miles per hour) and often kick up violent sand and dust storms that can carry sand a few thousand meters high, and can close down airports for short periods of time. These winds can last for a full day at the beginning and end of the season, and for several days during the middle of the season. The shamal is a summer northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states (including Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), often strong during the day, but decreasing at night. This weather effect occurs anywhere from once to several times a year.[29]
Topography
West Asia contains large areas of mountainous terrain. The
In
Rub' al Khali, one of the world's largest sand deserts, spans the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia, parts of Oman, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Jebel al Akhdar is a small range of mountains located in northeastern Oman, bordering the Gulf of Oman.
Demographics
The population of West Asia was estimated at 272 million as of 2008, projected to reach 370 million by 2030 by Maddison (2007; the estimate excludes the Caucasus and Cyprus). This corresponds to an annual growth rate of 1.4% (or a
The most populous countries in the region are Turkey and Iran, each with around 79 million people, followed by Iraq and Saudi Arabia with around 33 million people each, and Yemen with around 29 million people.
Numerically, West Asia is predominantly
Significant native minorities include, in alphabetical order:
Religion
Four
In
Judaism is the predominant religion in Israel, and there are small ancient Jewish communities in West Asia such as in Turkey (14,300),[46] Azerbaijan (9,100),[47] and Iran (8,756).[48]
The
There are also important minority religions like the
-
Jews praying at the Western Wall.
-
Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb festival at the tomb of the prophet in Hittin
Economy
The
Statistical data
Country, with flag | Area (km2) |
(2021) |
Density (per km2) |
Capital
|
Nominal GDP[53] (2012) |
Per capita[54] (2012) |
Currency | Government | Official languages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anatolia: | |||||||||
Turkey[note 1] | 783,562 | 84,775,404 | 94.1 | Ankara | $788.042 billion | $10,523 | Turkish lira | Presidential republic
|
Turkish |
Arabian Peninsula: | |||||||||
Bahrain | 780 | 1,463,265 | 1,646.1 | Manama | $30.355 billion | $26,368 | Bahraini dinar | Constitutional monarchy | Arabic
|
Kuwait | 17,820 | 4,250,114 | 167.5 | Kuwait City | $184.540 billion | $48,761 | Kuwaiti dinar | Constitutional monarchy | Arabic
|
Oman | 212,460 | 4,520,471 | 9.2 | Muscat
|
$78.290 billion | $25,356 | Omani rial | Absolute monarchy | Arabic
|
Qatar | 11,437 | 2,688,235 | 123.2 | Doha | $192.402 billion | $104,756 | Qatari riyal | Absolute monarchy | Arabic
|
Saudi Arabia | 2,149,690 | 35,950,396 | 12 | Riyadh | $733.956 billion | $25,139 | Saudi riyal | Absolute monarchy | Arabic
|
United Arab Emirates | 82,880 | 9,365,145 | 97 | Abu Dhabi | $383.799 billion | $43,774 | UAE dirham
|
Federal constitutional monarchy | Arabic
|
Yemen | 527,970 | 32,981,641 | 44.7 | ) | $35.05 billion | $1,354 | Yemeni rial | presidential republic
|
Arabic
|
South Caucasus: | |||||||||
Abkhazia (unrecognized) | 8,660 | 242,862 | 28 | Sukhumi | $500 million | N/A | Georgian lari | Semi-presidential republic
|
Abkhaz Russian |
Armenia | 29,800 | 2,790,974 | 108.4 | Yerevan | $9.950 billion | $3,033 | Armenian dram | Semi-presidential republic
|
Armenian |
Azerbaijan | 86,600 | 10,312,992 | 105.8 | Baku | $68.700 billion | $7,439 | Azerbaijani manat | Presidential republic
|
Azerbaijani |
Georgia | 69,700 | 3,757,980 | 68.1 | Tbilisi | $15.847 billion | $3,523 | Georgian lari | Semi-presidential republic
|
Georgian |
South Ossetia (unrecognized) | 3,900 | 53,532 | 13 | Tskhinvali | $500 million | N/A | Georgian lari | Semi-presidential republic
|
Ossetian Russian |
Fertile Crescent: | |||||||||
Iraq | 438,317 | 43,533,592 | 73.5 | Baghdad | $216.044 billion | $6,410 | Iraqi dinar | Parliamentary republic | Arabic
Kurdish |
Israel | 20,770 | 8,900,059 | 365.3 | Jerusalem 1
|
$353.65 billion | $39,106 | Israeli new shekel | Parliamentary republic | Hebrew |
Jordan | 92,300 | 11,148,278 | 68.4 | Amman | $30.98 billion | $4,843 | Jordanian dinar | Constitutional monarchy | Arabic
|
Lebanon | 10,452 | 5,592,631 | 404 | Beirut | $42.519 billion | $10,425 | Lebanese pound | Parliamentary republic | Arabic
|
Palestine[note 2] | 6,220 | 5,133,392 | 667 | Ramallah2 | $6.6 billion | $1,600 | Egyptian pound, Jordanian dinar, Israeli new shekel | Semi-presidential republic
|
Arabic
|
Syria | 185,180 | 21,324,367 | 118.3 | Damascus | N/A | N/A | Syrian pound | Presidential republic
|
Arabic
|
Iranian Plateau: | |||||||||
Iran | 1,648,195 | 87,923,432 | 45 | Tehran | $548.590 billion | $7,207 | Iranian rial | Islamic republic | Persian |
Mediterranean Sea: | |||||||||
Akrotiri and Dhekelia3 | 254 | 15,700 | N/A | Episkopi | N/A | N/A | Euro | Stratocratic dependency under a constitutional monarchy | English |
Cyprus | 9,250 | 1,244,188 | 117 | Nicosia | $22.995 billion | $26,377 | Euro | Presidential republic
|
Greek Turkish |
Northern Cyprus (unrecognized) | 3,355 | 313,626 | 93 | North Nicosia | $4.032 billion | $15,109 | Turkish lira | Semi-presidential republic | Turkish |
Sinai Peninsula: | |||||||||
Egypt[note 3] | 60,000 | 109,262,178 | 82 | Cairo | $262.26 billion | $3,179 | Egyptian pound | Presidential republic
|
Arabic |
Notes:
1 Ramallah is the actual location of the government, whereas the proclaimed capital of Palestine is
Sports
- The West Asian Tennis Federation regulates the championships and leagues in the region.
- The West Asian Billiards & Snooker Federation regulates the championships related to billiards and snooker, amongst which an annual tournament.
- The West Asian Games have been held in 1997, 2002 and 2005.
- The Asian Football Federation. They organize the WAFF Championship.
- The West Asia Basketball Association organizes the WABA Championship since 1999.
Map
See also
References
Notes
- ^ The figures for Turkey includes East Thrace, which is not a part of Anatolia.
- ^ UN observer state.
- ^ The area and population figures for Egypt only include the Sinai Peninsula.
- ^ sovereign states do not recognize Jerusalem as either state's de jure capital under the position that Jerusalem's status is pending future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. In practice, therefore, most maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv and its suburbs, or else in suburbs such as Mevaseret Zion outside Jerusalem proper. See CIA Factbook, "Map of Israel" (PDF) and Status of Jerusalemfor more information.
Citations
- ^ a b "World Population prospects – Population division". United Nations. Archived from the original on 5 February 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Overall total population" (xlsx). United Nations. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database". imf.org. IMF. Outlook Database, October 2020
- ^ "Land Use Dynamics and Institutional Changes in West Asia" (PDF).
- ^ "Western Asia". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ "World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions" (PDF).
- ^ Parts of each region overlap, however, the Middle East and West Asia are not synonymous terms. The Middle East is a political term that has changed many times depending on political and historical context while West Asia is a geographical term with more accuracy.
- ^ Brummitt, R. K. (2001). World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (PDF) (2nd ed.). International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
- ^ "Chapter 21. West Asia". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
- ^ Environment, U. N. (2023-04-12). "West Asia". Ozonaction. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ Miller, David. "West Asia". National Geographic Style Manual. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 2021-02-16.
- OCLC 53465560.
- ISBN 9781784715502.
- ^ "Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use". Millenniumindicators.un.org. Retrieved 2012-08-25.
The UNSD notes that the "assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is merely for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."
- ^ "WABSF Member Countries". Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
- ^ "The West Asian Games". Topend Sports.
- ^ "WAFF Member Associations". The-Waff.com. Archived from the original on 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
- ^ e.g. James Rennell, A treatise on the comparative geography of western Asia, 1831.
- ^ James Rennell, The Geographical System of Herodotus Examined and Explained, 1800, p. 210.
- ^ Hugh Murray, Historical Account of Discoveries and Travels in Asia (1820).
- ^ Samuel Whelpley, A compend of history, from the earliest times, 1808, p. 9 Archived 2022-11-20 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ e.g. Petrus Van Der Meer, The Chronology of Ancient Western Asia and Egypt, 1955. Karl W. Butzer, Physical Conditions in Eastern Europe, Western Asia and Egypt Before the Period of Agricultural and Urban Settlement, 1965.
- ^ The Tobacco Industry of Western Asia, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, 1964.
- ^ a b Beaumont (1988), p. 22
- ^ Muehlberger, Bill. "The Arabian Plate". NASA, Johnson Space Center. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06.
- ^ a b Beaumont (1988), p. 86
- ^ "Land & Water". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- ^ "Chapter 7: Middle East and Arid Asia". IPCC Special Report on The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2001. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
- ISBN 978-81-261-1419-1. Retrieved 1 February 2009.
- ^ Sweeney, Jerry J.; Walter, William R. (December 1, 1998). "Region #4 — Red Sea Continental Rift Zone" (PDF). Preliminary Definition of Geophysical Regions for the Middle East and North Africa. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 2007. Retrieved March 1, 2009.
- ^ "ASTER Image Gallery: The Dead Sea". NASA. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30.
- ISBN 92-64-10412-7. Statistical Appendix (2007, ggdc.net) "The historical data were originally developed in three books: Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992, OECD, Paris 1995; The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2001; The World Economy: Historical Statistics, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2003. All these contain detailed source notes." Estimates for 2008 by country (in millions): Turkey (71.9), Iran (70.2), Iraq (28.2), Saudi Arabia (28.1), Yemen (23.0), Syria (19.7), Israel (6.5), Jordan (6.2), Palestine (4.1), Lebanon (4.0), Oman (3.3), United Arab Emirates (2.7), Kuwait (2.6), Qatar (0.9), Bahrain (0.7).
- ^ Laing-Marshall 2005, p. 149–150.
- ^ "Who are the Chaldean Christians?". BBC News. March 13, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
- ISBN 9780429962004.
Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.
- ^ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050". www.pewforum.org. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2019-12-21. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
- ^ "Middle East (region, Asia)". Britannica. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ISBN 9781446289761.
The Middle East is the cradle of the three monotheistic faiths of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
- ISBN 9781317455721.
- ISBN 9781538124185.
The Middle East still stands at the heart of the Christian world. After all, it is the birthplace, and the death place, of Christ, and the cradle of the Christian tradition.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population" (PDF). Pew Research Center.
- ^ Price, Massoume (December 2002). "History of Christians and Christianity in Iran". Christianity in Iran. FarsiNet Inc. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
- ^ "Christianity in Turkey". Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ "BBC News – Guide: Christians in the Middle East". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ISBN 9781351510721.
- ^ "How many Jews live in Turkey?". Institute for Jewish Policy Research. 10 May 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ "Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan 2009". Pop-stat.mashke.org. 7 April 1971. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
- ^ "Jewish woman brutally murdered in Iran over property dispute". The Times of Israel. 28 November 2012. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
A government census published earlier this year indicated there were a mere 8,756 Jews left in Iran
See - ISBN 9780429962004.
Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.
- ISBN 1860641709.
- ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
- ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
- ^ "GDP". IMF. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
- ^ "GDP per capita". IMF. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
Sources
- Laing-Marshall, Andrea (2005). "Assyrians". Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Vol. 1. New York-London: Routledge. pp. 149–150. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.