Greater Western Sydney

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Western Sydney
)

Greater Western Sydney
Federal division(s)
Blaxland, Chifley, Fowler, Greenway, Hughes, Lindsay, Macarthur, McMahon, Mitchell, Parramatta, Werriwa
Localities around Greater Western Sydney:
Greater Blue Mountains Area Hunter Region Northern Sydney
Blue Mountains Greater Western Sydney
Penrith, New South Wales Macarthur
Southern Highlands
Illawarra

Greater Western Sydney (GWS) is a large

Parramatta, Penrith and Wollondilly.[1] It includes Western Sydney, which has a number of different definitions, although the one consistently used is the region composed of ten local government authorities, most of which are members of the Western Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils
(WSROC). The NSW Government's Office of Western Sydney calls the region "Greater Western Sydney".

Darug people lived in the area that was greater western Sydney before European settlement regarded the region as rich in food from the river and forests.[3] Parramatta was founded in 1788, the same year as Sydney, making it the second oldest city in Australia. Opened in 1811, Parramatta Road, which navigates into the heart of greater western Sydney, is one of Sydney's oldest roads and Australia's first highway between two cities – Sydney central business district (CBD) and Parramatta, which is now the sixth largest business district in Australia.[4] Rapid population increase after World War II saw the settlement of many ex-service men and migrants in the greater west, making it one of the most urbanised regions in the country and an area of growing national importance.[5]

Being the third largest

multicultural suburbs in the country with 38% of the population speaking a language other than English at home, and up to 90% in some suburbs.[6] Containing about 9% of Australia's population and 44% of Sydney's population, the people of GWS are predominantly of a working class background, with major employment in the heavy industries and vocational trade.[6]

Encompassing significant areas of national parks, waterways and parklands, agricultural lands, natural bushland and a range of recreational and sporting facilities, the region also largely contains remnants of

World Heritage-listed areas of the Blue Mountains. The Hawkesbury and Nepean River system is Sydney's firsthand water source and the mainstay of the region's agricultural and fishing industries, and is also major recreational area for the inhabitants of GWS.[1] The heritage-listed Warragamba Dam, the primary reservoir for water supply for Sydney, is located in the greater west.[7]

History

Indigenous settlement

Near

hunting and gathering.[11] Most of the natives died due to introduced diseases, such as smallpox, following the arrival of the First Fleet
, and the remainder were largely relocated to government farms and a series of settlements.

British colony

Castle Hill Irish rebellion of 1804
Rosehill in 1823, with Parramatta River in foreground

In 1788, Governor

food production inland to hopefully more climatically stable regions. Phillip sent exploratory missions in search of better soils and fixed on the Parramatta region as a promising area for expansion and moved many of the convicts from late 1788 to establish a small township, which became the main centre of the colony's economic life. Nevertheless, poor equipment and unfamiliar soils and climate continued to hamper the expansion of farming from Farm Cove to Parramatta and Toongabbie
.

In February 1793, the Auburn area was established as the first free-agricultural settlement thanks to Governor Phillip's repeated applications to the British government for free settlers, and by the end of that decade

Rose Hill to Prospect Creek to determine whether Prospect Creek led to Botany Bay.[18]

The

Rouse Hill as one, in what was to become known as the Castle Hill convict rebellion.[20]

Governor Lachlan Macquarie and Mrs Macquarie preferred the clean air of rural Parramatta to the unsanitary and crime-ridden streets of Sydney and transformed Old Government House, Parramatta, into an elegant Palladian-style home in the English manner. Originally constructed under Governor Hunter in 1799 to reflect the economic importance of the Parramatta district, the building remains today Australia's oldest public building and was given World Heritage Listing by UNESCO in 2010.[21]

In 1803 a government stock farm was established in what was to become the

Phillip Gidley King began granting land in the area to settlers in 1804 with Captain Daniel Woodriff's 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) on the banks of the river the first land grant in the area.[15]

Urban development

Liverpool

dolorite rock types were being extracted from William Lawson
's estate on the west and north sides of Prospect Hill.

market gardening. However the urban sprawl of Sydney across the Cumberland Plain soon reached Liverpool, and it became an outer suburb of metropolitan Sydney with a strong working-class presence and manufacturing facilities.[26] In the 1950s and 1960s, there was a large amount of suburban development both in the current suburb of Blacktown and the new suburbs that sprung up around it, which led to civic development in the town centre with the Blacktown Hospital opening in 1965.[27]

In the 1960s and 1970s, migration from south-east Asia as a result of the

Eastern Creek, Wonderland Sydney was the largest amusement park in the southern hemisphere until its closure in 2004.[30] In 2015, the Abbott government granted 12,000 extra humanitarian visas to persecuted Christians, largely the Assyrians, in the war-torn Middle Eastern countries, which were admitted to Australia as part of its one-off humanitarian intake, with half of them primarily settling in Fairfield and also Liverpool.[31]

Geography

Topography

Parramatta River

The Greater Western Sydney region spans from Windsor in the north to Campbelltown in the south, Lidcombe and Roselands in the east, with the A3 creating the boundary between the greater west and inner West, to Penrith and the lower parts of the Blue Mountains in the far west.[1] The 151st meridian east passes through the heart of western Sydney, namely in the suburbs of Castle Hill, Parramatta, Granville, and Revesby, with the suburbs west of those being on the eastern end of the 150th meridian, which is a line that passes through the Russian city of Magadan in the northern hemisphere.[1]

In 1820s, Peter Cunningham described the country west of Parramatta and

scrubs, or close forest". This confirmed earlier accounts by Governor Arthur Phillip, who suggested that the trees were "growing at a distance of some twenty to forty feet from each other, and in general entirely free from brushwood..."[32]

Greater western Sydney predominantly lie on the

Greystanes, Seven Hills and Mount Druitt to the northwest.[34]

Ecology

Blacktown
)

The main

Mediterranean forests.[36] It has been calculated that around 98,000 hectares of native vegetation remains in the Sydney metropolitan area, about half of what is likely to have been existing at the time of European arrival.[37]

The endemic flora is home to a variety of

lizards, snakes and frogs may also be present in the urban environment, albeit seldom in city centres.[39]

Geology

Most of Sydney's water storages are on tributaries of the Nepean River.

The Sydney area lies on

Soils in western Sydney are usually red and yellow in texture as they are rich in clay, are fine-textured and acidic. Soil moisture is relatively high through the months reaching a peak in winter (due to the lower evaporation rate), despite the lower rainfall in that season.[42]

At a time in the past,

upper mantle moved upwards and then sideways.[50][51]

Upper North Shore to the Hawkesbury river.[55]

Climate

Western Sydney experiences a

Sydney CBD
. Maximum summer temperatures average at around 27 to 32 °C (81 to 90 °F) and winter temperatures are mild, averaging at around 15 to 20 °C (59 to 68 °F), depending on the location. Autumn and spring are the transitional seasons, with spring showing a larger variation than autumn in terms of temperatures.

rainfall, especially in June.[57] Most suburbs in the west have an annual precipitation that averages at around 700 to 900 mm (28 to 35 in), in contrast to Sydney CBD's 1,217 mm (48 in).[58]

Sydney usually experiences a föhn effect that originates from the Great Dividing Range, where the lifting of winds on the windward side of the Blue Mountains forces the air to gradually warm up and lose moisture as the winds descend into the Sydney basin.[59] They may exacerbate fire danger in the warm months, although they usually tend to occur between late winter and early spring when westerly cold fronts become more frequent and would therefore be blocked by the ranges – This phenomenon thereby permits the late winter and early spring period to feature the highest amount of clear days in the year.[60] It should be worth noting that Richmond features the greatest temperature range ever recorded in Australia; −8.3 °C (17.1 °F) to 47.8 °C (118.0 °F).[61]

Summer

Western Sydney is much warmer than Sydney city in summer. During this time, daytime temperatures can be 5 °C (9 °F) warmer than the city (in extreme cases the West can even be

desert
).

The Auburn Botanic Gardens in winter
Autumn

In early autumn, hot days are possible, with temperatures above 38 °C (100 °F) possible in March, but quite rare. April is cooler, with days above 30 °C (86 °F) happening on average only 1.1 times during the month. Days cooler than 20 °C (68 °F) occur more regularly leading into May. In May, days are usually mild, ranging from 17 to 24 °C (63 to 75 °F), but can get quite cold, with maximums of 17 °C (63 °F) or lower starting to occur. Average minimums fall throughout the season, with the first night below 10 °C (50 °F) often occurring in April.

Winter

Winter temperatures often show a higher variation in late winter than early winter, with a day in August occasionally and rarely reaching above 27 °C (81 °F), which is unknown in June and July. Winter daytime average is mild around between 15 and 20 °C (59 and 68 °F) and sometimes and occasionally it can be chilly which also can be cold around 10 to 14 °C (50 to 57 °F). Winter nights average 6.9 °C (44.4 °F), although a few nights per year see temperatures fall below 2 °C (36 °F), mostly in July. Nights reaching below 0 °C (32 °F) more often occur in the far-western suburbs, such as Campbelltown, Camden, Penrith and Richmond.[62] These low temperatures often occur when the night sky is clear and the ground can radiate heat back into the atmosphere. Winter nights, though, are typically a few degrees cooler and frost is not uncommon in some areas, especially those in the far west such as Penrith and Richmond.

Spring

Spring temperatures are highly variable, with temperatures fluctuating quite often. September will normally see 1 or 2 day reaching above 30 °C (86 °F), and extremely rarely, above 35 °C (95 °F). Cool days in September can occur, occasionally failing to reach 15 °C (59 °F). October and November show high variability, where hot north-westerlies can cause temperatures to rise above 35 °C (95 °F), and even above 40 °C (104 °F) in November, while cool days below 20 °C (68 °F) are also quite common. The average minimum temperature increases throughout the season, September can still have nights falling below 5 °C (41 °F). October and November occasionally have nights falling below 10 °C (50 °F).

Climate data

Climate data for Parramatta
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 45.5
(113.9)
41.9
(107.4)
40.5
(104.9)
37.0
(98.6)
29.2
(84.6)
25.5
(77.9)
25.9
(78.6)
30.6
(87.1)
35.4
(95.7)
40.1
(104.2)
42.7
(108.9)
43.9
(111.0)
45.5
(113.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.4
(83.1)
27.8
(82.0)
26.2
(79.2)
23.8
(74.8)
20.5
(68.9)
17.8
(64.0)
17.3
(63.1)
19.0
(66.2)
21.6
(70.9)
23.9
(75.0)
25.4
(77.7)
27.4
(81.3)
23.3
(73.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.5
(63.5)
17.6
(63.7)
15.8
(60.4)
12.8
(55.0)
9.9
(49.8)
7.5
(45.5)
6.2
(43.2)
7.1
(44.8)
9.3
(48.7)
11.9
(53.4)
14.0
(57.2)
16.2
(61.2)
12.2
(54.0)
Record low °C (°F) 10.1
(50.2)
9.2
(48.6)
6.8
(44.2)
4.0
(39.2)
1.4
(34.5)
0.8
(33.4)
−1.0
(30.2)
0.7
(33.3)
0.7
(33.3)
3.6
(38.5)
4.0
(39.2)
7.7
(45.9)
−1.0
(30.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 102.3
(4.03)
126.0
(4.96)
109.0
(4.29)
89.8
(3.54)
72.4
(2.85)
86.2
(3.39)
46.8
(1.84)
54.4
(2.14)
53.9
(2.12)
69.1
(2.72)
85.2
(3.35)
70.9
(2.79)
965.6
(38.02)
Average precipitation days 12.0 12.1 12.5 9.2 9.9 10.5 8.2 7.9 8.0 10.3 11.6 10.3 122.5
Source: [63]
Climate data for Bankstown Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 44.8
(112.6)
43.3
(109.9)
41.6
(106.9)
36.9
(98.4)
28.5
(83.3)
25.4
(77.7)
26.7
(80.1)
30.2
(86.4)
35.6
(96.1)
39.7
(103.5)
43.1
(109.6)
43.6
(110.5)
44.8
(112.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.2
(82.8)
27.8
(82.0)
26.2
(79.2)
23.7
(74.7)
20.4
(68.7)
17.7
(63.9)
17.2
(63.0)
18.9
(66.0)
21.5
(70.7)
23.7
(74.7)
25.1
(77.2)
27.3
(81.1)
23.1
(73.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18.1
(64.6)
18.1
(64.6)
16.2
(61.2)
12.7
(54.9)
9.6
(49.3)
6.6
(43.9)
5.1
(41.2)
6.0
(42.8)
8.7
(47.7)
11.8
(53.2)
14.3
(57.7)
16.6
(61.9)
12.0
(53.6)
Record low °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7)
10.0
(50.0)
7.8
(46.0)
2.4
(36.3)
1.3
(34.3)
−1.9
(28.6)
−4.0
(24.8)
−0.7
(30.7)
0.0
(32.0)
4.4
(39.9)
6.8
(44.2)
6.3
(43.3)
−4.0
(24.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 90.3
(3.56)
106.4
(4.19)
97.7
(3.85)
83.2
(3.28)
71.1
(2.80)
73.1
(2.88)
44.6
(1.76)
49.1
(1.93)
44.7
(1.76)
62.1
(2.44)
77.2
(3.04)
67.2
(2.65)
867.0
(34.13)
Average precipitation days 11.1 10.9 11.3 8.8 9.8 9.3 8.0 7.3 7.7 9.5 11.0 9.8 114.5
Source: [64]
Climate data for Prospect Reservoir
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 44.7
(112.5)
42.5
(108.5)
39.5
(103.1)
37.1
(98.8)
29.4
(84.9)
25.6
(78.1)
26.5
(79.7)
29.4
(84.9)
35.0
(95.0)
39.0
(102.2)
42.0
(107.6)
42.7
(108.9)
44.7
(112.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.4
(83.1)
27.9
(82.2)
26.3
(79.3)
23.6
(74.5)
20.3
(68.5)
17.3
(63.1)
16.8
(62.2)
18.7
(65.7)
21.3
(70.3)
23.7
(74.7)
25.3
(77.5)
27.5
(81.5)
23.1
(73.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.6
(63.7)
17.7
(63.9)
16.1
(61.0)
13.0
(55.4)
10.0
(50.0)
7.4
(45.3)
6.1
(43.0)
6.8
(44.2)
9.4
(48.9)
12.1
(53.8)
14.2
(57.6)
16.4
(61.5)
12.2
(54.0)
Record low °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0)
10.8
(51.4)
7.9
(46.2)
3.6
(38.5)
1.2
(34.2)
−0.8
(30.6)
−0.6
(30.9)
−0.5
(31.1)
2.6
(36.7)
4.5
(40.1)
6.8
(44.2)
7.8
(46.0)
−0.8
(30.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 93.7
(3.69)
96.0
(3.78)
95.6
(3.76)
74.1
(2.92)
72.0
(2.83)
74.9
(2.95)
57.0
(2.24)
50.3
(1.98)
47.1
(1.85)
59.4
(2.34)
72.4
(2.85)
75.2
(2.96)
868.1
(34.18)
Average precipitation days 10.7 10.6 10.9 9.3 9.0 9.4 7.8 8.0 8.5 9.4 9.5 9.9 113.0
Source: [65]
Climate data for Richmond
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 47.8
(118.0)
43.7
(110.7)
41.9
(107.4)
38.2
(100.8)
30.0
(86.0)
26.8
(80.2)
27.6
(81.7)
32.8
(91.0)
35.9
(96.6)
40.4
(104.7)
43.6
(110.5)
43.7
(110.7)
47.8
(118.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.0
(86.0)
29.1
(84.4)
26.8
(80.2)
23.9
(75.0)
20.6
(69.1)
17.9
(64.2)
17.4
(63.3)
19.7
(67.5)
22.7
(72.9)
25.0
(77.0)
26.7
(80.1)
28.5
(83.3)
24.0
(75.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.6
(63.7)
17.7
(63.9)
15.6
(60.1)
11.4
(52.5)
7.6
(45.7)
4.9
(40.8)
3.6
(38.5)
4.4
(39.9)
8.0
(46.4)
11.0
(51.8)
14.1
(57.4)
16.0
(60.8)
11.0
(51.8)
Record low °C (°F) 8.9
(48.0)
6.4
(43.5)
3.9
(39.0)
−0.4
(31.3)
−2.4
(27.7)
−6.7
(19.9)
−8.3
(17.1)
−4.0
(24.8)
−1.4
(29.5)
1.7
(35.1)
3.7
(38.7)
5.0
(41.0)
−8.3
(17.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 78.5
(3.09)
125.8
(4.95)
74.2
(2.92)
48.9
(1.93)
52.4
(2.06)
48.0
(1.89)
31.2
(1.23)
30.7
(1.21)
49.7
(1.96)
52.8
(2.08)
83.5
(3.29)
61.6
(2.43)
738.5
(29.07)
Source 1: [66] (averages and records)
Source 2: [67] (records only)
Climate data for Camden Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 46.4
(115.5)
43.2
(109.8)
41.0
(105.8)
38.5
(101.3)
27.5
(81.5)
24.9
(76.8)
25.4
(77.7)
30.2
(86.4)
36.0
(96.8)
40.5
(104.9)
42.6
(108.7)
43.1
(109.6)
46.4
(115.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.5
(85.1)
28.6
(83.5)
26.7
(80.1)
23.8
(74.8)
20.5
(68.9)
17.7
(63.9)
17.2
(63.0)
19.0
(66.2)
21.9
(71.4)
24.1
(75.4)
26.1
(79.0)
28.4
(83.1)
23.6
(74.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16.8
(62.2)
16.8
(62.2)
14.8
(58.6)
11.0
(51.8)
7.0
(44.6)
4.5
(40.1)
3.0
(37.4)
3.8
(38.8)
6.7
(44.1)
9.9
(49.8)
12.9
(55.2)
15.1
(59.2)
10.2
(50.4)
Record low °C (°F) 7.9
(46.2)
7.2
(45.0)
5.9
(42.6)
−0.7
(30.7)
−2.2
(28.0)
−5.4
(22.3)
−6.0
(21.2)
−4.0
(24.8)
−1.8
(28.8)
1.3
(34.3)
3.8
(38.8)
5.7
(42.3)
−6.0
(21.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77.9
(3.07)
100.9
(3.97)
85.8
(3.38)
66.9
(2.63)
57.4
(2.26)
59.0
(2.32)
38.7
(1.52)
42.4
(1.67)
39.6
(1.56)
65.3
(2.57)
77.0
(3.03)
54.9
(2.16)
767.3
(30.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 10.1 10.9 10.3 9.2 8.7 8.7 8.1 7.6 7.9 9.8 10.6 9.0 110.9
Average
relative humidity
(%)
49 52 52 52 52 53 50 43 44 47 50 46 49
Source: [68]
Climate data for Holsworthy Control Range
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 45.7
(114.3)
41.7
(107.1)
38.5
(101.3)
33.6
(92.5)
27.7
(81.9)
24.9
(76.8)
24.8
(76.6)
28.9
(84.0)
35.0
(95.0)
37.1
(98.8)
42.0
(107.6)
42.0
(107.6)
45.7
(114.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.1
(84.4)
28.3
(82.9)
26.3
(79.3)
23.5
(74.3)
20.5
(68.9)
17.8
(64.0)
17.3
(63.1)
19.1
(66.4)
22.3
(72.1)
24.1
(75.4)
25.5
(77.9)
27.4
(81.3)
23.4
(74.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.5
(63.5)
17.5
(63.5)
15.5
(59.9)
12.1
(53.8)
8.1
(46.6)
6.2
(43.2)
4.9
(40.8)
5.4
(41.7)
8.4
(47.1)
10.8
(51.4)
13.8
(56.8)
15.7
(60.3)
11.3
(52.3)
Record low °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6)
10.8
(51.4)
6.6
(43.9)
2.8
(37.0)
−2.0
(28.4)
−2.6
(27.3)
−4.0
(24.8)
−2.0
(28.4)
0.8
(33.4)
3.7
(38.7)
5.0
(41.0)
7.0
(44.6)
−4.0
(24.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 59.5
(2.34)
113.7
(4.48)
67.4
(2.65)
54.8
(2.16)
53.8
(2.12)
69.1
(2.72)
43.1
(1.70)
37.6
(1.48)
32.6
(1.28)
52.2
(2.06)
73.7
(2.90)
56.6
(2.23)
709.4
(27.93)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1mm) 8.7 10.3 11.1 11.2 10.0 10.6 10.1 7.4 7.5 9.5 11.9 10.5 118.8
Average
relative humidity
(%)
50 56 55 53 52 53 49 44 43 48 51 50 50
Source: [69]

Demographics

Languages

Paifang gate at a plaza in Cabramatta

The residents of GWS come from more than 170 countries and speak over 100 different languages and 12% of them, namely the newcomers, do not speak English very well. Cabramatta is made up of 87.7% of people from non-English speaking backgrounds, the highest anywhere in Australia (excluding remote indigenous communities). Other Western Sydney suburbs, such as

Canley Vale
, are also over 80%.

Although many of these communities are Australian-born (including Arabic speakers, with about 50% born therein), Western Sydney still is the main centre of Australian migration, with 60% of new arrivals settling in greater western Sydney in between 2006 and 2011, with the majority coming from India, China,

indigenous community in Australia.[1] These are some of the largest population groups of Australia's non-English speakers found in Western Sydney:[70]

Religion

Western Sydney is the most religious and

bible belt". Today however, the western suburbs have become Sydney's so-called believer belt, with a high proportion of believers found in a band of suburbs that span the cities of Liverpool, Fairfield, Cumberland and Canterbury-Bankstown.[71]

According to the Bureau of Statistics, areas with the highest percentage of Christians were found in the western and

Anglican, respectively. The suburbs east of those, in the City of Canterbury-Bankstown and Camden Council, had a high amount of Islamic adherents, such as Lakemba (59.2%), South Granville (49%) and Old Guildford (45.9%).[72]

Cabramatta, Canley Vale and Canley Heights, with 43.0%, 37.1% and 38.4% adhering to it, respectively.[73] In Harris Park, to the northwest, Hinduism was the common religion with 44.8% of its inhabitants practicing it.[74] Westmead (40.8%), Parramatta (28.5%) and Rosehill (24.0%) also had Hinduism as the most common faith.[75]

Society

The region's major city centre is Parramatta, and the rest of the LGAs are growing immensely when it comes population, economic opportunity and environmental diversity. In the early 2010s, urban development has occurred in places like Camden, Campbelltown and Penrith, while Parramatta and Blacktown have grown rapidly. The GWS region overall grew at 2.1% in 2014 and 1.6% p.a. for the past decade. The South-West, such as,

Leppington, spanning Liverpool, Camden and Campbelltown councils, had higher number of families.[6] The region's population is projected to reach 3 million by 2036.[1] The more recent suburban developments tend to be less leafy than more established Sydney neighbourhoods.[76]

Home to around 1 in every 11 Australians, the 2 million inhabitants of GWS live in 743,940 dwellings with an average household size of 3.02. While

Hoxton Park, Harrington Park, and Oran Park to the southwest.[77]

air quality, health, quality of life and household budgets.[1]

Regions

The

Department of Planning and Infrastructure Metropolitan Strategy for Sydney divides Greater Western Sydney into three sub-regions:[78]

Sub-region Local government areas Area Population
(2016 census)
Employment
(2016 census)
Housing
(2016 census)
Gross Regional Product
(FY2010/2011)
km2 sq mi
West Central and North West[79]
Cumberland Council
799 308 ~846,000 ~389,000 ~302,000 A$48.5 billion
West[80] 4,608 1,779 ~327,000 ~119,000 ~127,000 A$13.0 billion
South West[81]
Fairfield,
Liverpool, and Wollondilly
3,554 1,372 ~829,000 ~298,000 ~286,000 A$33.5 billion
Totals 8,941 3,452 ~2,002,000 ~806,000 ~715,000 A$95.0 billion

Western Sydney

Western Sydney as defined by the WSROC region covers 5,800 square kilometres (2,200 sq mi) and had an estimated resident population as at 30 June 2008 of 1,665,673.

Penrith City Council
.

Western Sydney is also sometimes used to refer to the whole Greater Western Sydney region, which is the combination of Western Sydney as defined above and the

Wollondilly Shire Council
.

Economy

With more than 240,000 local businesses which generated more than $95 billion

industrial estate in the southern hemisphere and is the centre of manufacturing and distribution in GWS. Lying strategically between the major population growth zones in the north-west and south-west of Sydney, it contains more than 1,000 manufacturing, wholesale, transport and service firms which employ more than 20,000 persons.[83][84]

Yennora industrial zone, showing Pine Road and the Hume Building Products warehouses

While overall a lower

Spring Farm, among others.[6]

Roselands, Carramar, Villawood and Punchbowl.[86] Furthmore, Claymore in the southwest was listed as one of the most socially disadvantaged areas in New South Wales.[87] Nonetheless, the rest of the GWS region is generally made up of a middle class population, with such even found in both affluent and low income suburbs.[1]

Livability

Due to Parramatta's emergence as "Sydney's second CBD",

Baulkham Hills, Castle Hill, Liverpool and Blacktown, which has become Sydney's most popular area for home buyers, with more sales than any other suburb.[88]

This is mainly due to the immense cultural activities and high affordability in the region, and also the development of new restaurants, high-rise apartments,

telecommunications, local employment, retail, ferry access and education. Regarding this, Allworth Homes director Stephen Thompson states, "While the outskirts of Sydney were once considered undesirable, improved infrastructure coupled with soaring house prices has meant many property seekers are looking further afield for their homes, including high-income earners".[89] With Western Sydney Airport opening in the mid 2020s, Penrith is slated to become another CBD, with the airport creating 35,000 jobs by 2035.[90]

Agriculture

Rural suburb of Luddenham

Regentville has remained largely rural, if hemmed in somewhat by the modern residential suburbs of Jamisontown and Glenmore Park.[92]

In the 1800s,

vineyards in the meadows. Vegetable farming and fruit picking are common activities.[93]

Transport

The Light Horse Interchange is the largest in the southern hemisphere.[94]

The

Greater Western Sydney railway lines are the

Old Main South railway line, connecting the region to central Sydney. The region is also served by several bus operators. Sydney Metro's Sydney Metro West and Western Sydney Airport Metro
projects are currently under construction in the region.

The

North Strathfield in the east, where it connects with the Great Western Highway/Parramatta Road as the A4 to Glenbrook in west. It continues as the Great Western Highway as the A32, passing the southern fringe of the Parramatta central business district, moving due west across western metropolitan Sydney to Penrith, north of the central business district, crossing the Nepean River via the 1867 Victoria Bridge.[97]

Wahroonga in the northeast with the Hume Highway (A22/A28) at Liverpool in the southwest.[98]

The

The A6 is a major arterial road that provides a link from the northern and western suburbs to the centre western suburbs – Bankstown and the Princes Highway at Heathcote, via Lidcombe and Bankstown.[100]

Henry Lawson Drive was conceived of as a scenic drive to follow the north bank of the Georges River in Sydney's southwest.[101]

The Light Horse Interchange is a motorway interchange located in Eastern Creek at the junction of the M4 Western Motorway and the Westlink M7 that was opened to traffic in December 2005 due to the population boom in Sydney's western suburbs.[102]

Politics

Greater Western Sydney local government authorities agree on the broad definition of greater western Sydney, but divide the region based on the

Minister for Western Sydney, currently held by the Hon. David Elliott, MP.[104]

Western Sydney is home to a large number of marginal electorates at both a state and federal level. Western Sydney includes, or partially includes, the NSW Electoral Districts of Penrith, Londonderry, Badgerys Creek, Camden, Macquarie Fields, Leppington, Campbelltown, Liverpool, Cabramatta, Fairfield, Prospect, Bankstown, Granville, Parramatta, Winston Hills, Kellyville, Castle Hill, Riverstone, Mount Druitt, Blacktown, Holsworthy, Auburn, Hawkesbury.

Western Sydney is considered a particularly crucial region in federal politics,

conservative
region, at least compared to the other regions of Sydney.

Media

The city is also served by several local radio stations, including those from Sydney.

FM stations, Community:

  • SWR Triple 9
    (Blacktown) – 99.9 kHz
  • Vintage FM (Penrith) – 87.6 kHz
  • 2GLF (Liverpool, Fairfield) – 89.3 kHz
  • 2BACR
    (Bankstown) – 100.9 MHz
  • Alive 90.5 (Parramatta, Hills, Holroyd) – 90.5 MHz
  • 2MCR (Macarthur)

FM stations, Commercial:

  • WSFM 101.7
    – 101.7 MHz
  • Edge 96.1
    – 96.1 MHz
  • C91.3 (Campbelltown) – 91.3 MHz

Television:

Greater Western Sydney is also served by 5 Sydney television networks, three commercial and two national services:

Sport

The region hosts many professional sporting teams in a wide range of codes. The

A-League's Western Sydney Wanderers association football club is also based in this region of Sydney. The region also hosts Macarthur FC of the A-League. Greater Sydney Rams now represent the region in the National Rugby Championship. The Sydney Thunder play at the Big Bash League
(cricket). Other sporting teams include:

The

2000 Olympic Games, and has hosted the NRL Grand Final, the Sydney 500 auto race and the Sydney International
tennis tournament.

Previously the region was represented in Australia's professional

Sydney Superdome
at Sydney Olympic Park and market towards the whole metropolitan area of Sydney.

Education

Major education facilities include:

It contains many primary and secondary schools.

Landmarks

West
Sydney Motorsport Park
Northwest
Old Government House in Parramatta is a World Heritage Site.[113]
Southwest
Macarthur Square, Campbelltown, one of the largest shopping complexes in Sydney

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dawson, Natalie. "About Greater Western Sydney". www.westernsydney.edu.au. Western Sydney University. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  2. ^ Macey, Richard (2007). "Settlers' history rewritten: go back 30,000 years". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
  3. ^ "Parramatta – New South Wales, Australia".
  4. ^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981, p. 2/24.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Home – WSROC Region". Profile.id.com.au. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  6. Department of Planning & Environment. H01376. Retrieved 2 June 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  7. . Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  8. ^ Christopher Tobin. "The Dharug Story". Mananura Aboriginal Centre. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2008.
  9. ^ Department of the Environment and Heritage, Blue Gum High Forest of the Sydney Basin Bioregion (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005), p.1
  10. ^ "Man of Honour – John Macarthur", Michael Duffy, Macmillan 2003, p. 81 ff
  11. ^ J Henniker Heaton, Australian Dictionary of Dates and Men of the Time, Sydney, 1873
  12. ^ "Reports of a possible French invasion off the Hawksbury". Hawkesbury Historical Society. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  13. ^ .
  14. ^ Old Windsor Road and Windsor Road Heritage Precincts, Roads and Transport Authority, Published on 16 November 2010, Retrieved on 16 July 2013
  15. ^ A Voyage to Terra Australis by Matthew Flinders at Project Gutenberg
  16. ISSN 1833-7538
    . Retrieved 2 June 2011.
  17. ^ Dale, David (16 February 2008). "WHO WE ARE: The man who nearly changed everything". The Sun Herald. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  18. ^ Reece, Bob, ed. (1989). Irish Convicts: The Origins of Convicts Transported to Australia. Department of Modern History, University College Dublin. p. 3. . The government's worst fears were borne out at Castle Hill, thirty miles[sic] north west of Sydney, in March 1804 where the predominantly Irish convict workforce employed on the government farm seized some arms and attempted to march on Parramatta [...]
  19. ^ "Old Government House Parramatta - About Old Government House". Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  20. ^ Raszewski, C. et al. (2013). 'The History of Liverpool Hospital: From early settlement to 1993'. The Liverpool Historical Society, Liverpool City Library and Liverpool Health Service.
  21. pp28-37
  22. ^ Darwin, C. Compton, Keith (ed.). "Notes on the Geology of places visited during the Voyage". Mindat: Prospect, New South Wales. p. 814.
  23. .
  24. ^ "Important dates". Blacktown City Council. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
  25. ^ From the Irish and English in the late 18th century, to Lebanese and Vietnamese in recent years – Bankstown has always been a hub for migrants
  26. ^ Kass, T. (2008). "Lidcombe". The Dictionary of Sydney.
  27. ^ 'Wran Opens Wonderland'. Staff Newsletter Vol.1 No 1. (New South Wales, Australia).
  28. ^ Dabbagh, Omar (15 May 2017). "Assyrian Australians plead for second special refugee settlement deal". Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  29. ^ Kohen, J., The Impact of Fire: An Historical Perspective, in Australian Plants Online, Society for Growing Australian Plants, September 1996
  30. ^ Carter, Lewis, 2011. Tectonic Control of Cenozoic Deposition in the Cumberland Basin, Penrith/Hawkesbury Region, New South Wales. Bachelor of Science (Honours), School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong. [1]
  31. ^ "Cumberland". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 August 2013. Edit this at Wikidata
  32. ^ "Coastal Valley Grassy Woodlands". NSW Environment & Heritage. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  33. ^ "Dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass sub-formation)". NSW Environment & Heritage. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  34. ^ Benson D and Howell J 1990, Taken for granted: the bushland of Sydney and its suburbs. Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst, NSW.
  35. ^ Hindwood, K. A. and McCill, A. R., 1958. The Birds of Sydney (Cumberland Plain) New South Wales. Roy. Zool. Soc. New South Wales.
  36. ^ Sydney Basin-Subregions
  37. ^ "Eucalypt forest". Commonwealth of Australia. 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  38. ^ "The Cumberland Plain and its vegetation" (PDF). New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  39. ^ "The Sydney Basin". Australian Museum. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  40. New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage
    . 13 December 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  41. ^ "Sydney Basin – Geological Overview". Australian Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
  42. ^ "Development of the Sydney Basin". NSW Primary Industries. Retrieved 24 March 2008.
  43. ^ Chris Herbert. Geology of the Sydney 1:100,000 Sheet 9130
  44. ^ Lovering, J. F. "Bringelly Shale" (PDF). Stratigraphy of' the Wianamatta Group. Australian Museum. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  45. ^ "Minchinbury Sandstone". Stratigraphic Search Geoscience Australia. Australian Government. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  46. ^ Compton, K., Mindat: Prospect, New South Wales
  47. ^ Conybeare Morrison, Prospect Hill Conservation Management Plan, Holroyd City Council, 2005
  48. ^ Aird, W. V (1961). The Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage of Sydney. Sydney: Metropolitan Water, Sewerage and Drainage Board.
  49. ^ "Sydney population hits 5 million". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  50. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Community Profile Series: Sydney (Statistical Division)". 2006 Census of Population and Housing. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
  51. ^ "Greater Sydney: region data summary". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
  52. ^ Bannerman SA and Hazelton PA (1990) Soil Landscapes of the Penrith 1:100 000 Sheet Soil Conservation Service of NSW, Sydney and the accompanying map by Hazelton PA, Bannerman SM and Tille PJ (1989)
  53. ^ "About East Coast Lows". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  54. ^ "Sydney heatwave". Daily Liberal. 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  55. ^ Sharples, J.J. Mills, G.A., McRae, R.H.D., Weber, R.O. (2010) Elevated fire danger conditions associated with foehn-like winds in southeastern Australia. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology.
  56. ^ Sharples, J.J. (2009) An overview of mountain meteorological effects relevant to fire behaviour and bushfire risk. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 737-754.
  57. ^ Climatic Extremes by Geoscience Australia from the Australian Government
  58. ^ "Climate statistics for Australian locations". www.bom.gov.au. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  59. ^ "Climate statistics: PARRAMATTA NORTH (MASONS DRIVE)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  60. ^ "Monthly climate statistics". Bureau of Meteorology. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  61. ^ "Climate statistics for Prospect Reservoir". Bureau of Meteorology. July 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  62. ^ "Climate Statistics: Richmond RAAF (1993–present)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  63. ^ "Climate Statistics: Richmond RAAF (1928–1994)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  64. ^ "Climate statistics for Camden Airport AWS". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  65. ^ "Climate statistics for Holsworthy Control Range". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  66. ^ Western Sydney profile – a region of diversity and growth
  67. ^ How we worship by Emily Clark from ABC News, 7 November 2019
  68. Sydney Morning Herald
    , October 4, 2017
  69. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Cabramatta (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 27 June 2016. Edit this at Wikidata
  70. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Harris Park (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 December 2017. Edit this at Wikidata
  71. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Parramatta (State Suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 27 June 2016. Edit this at Wikidata
  72. ^ These two Western Sydney streets are completely different temperatures — here's why By Mridula Amin from ABC News. Retrieved 28 November 2020
  73. ^ "Sydney's culture of place". Charles Sturt University. 2014. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
  74. ISBN 978-0-7313-3570-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2018. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  75. ISBN 978-0-7313-3570-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  76. ISBN 978-0-7313-3570-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  77. ISBN 978-0-7313-3570-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  78. ^ "Home – WSROC Region". Profile.id.com.au. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  79. ^ Smithfield-Wetherill Park
  80. ^ Don't forget the Southern Hemisphere's Largest Industrial Zone by Marie Hogg and Simon Benson, Fairfield Advance, 13 November 2015
  81. ^ Sydney's rich and poor: the rising crisis in our suburbs by The Daily Telegraph
  82. ^ The stark difference between Sydney's richest and poorest suburbs by News.com.au
  83. ^ Taylor, Josie; Branley, Alison. "Dropping Off The Edge: Select suburbs stuck in cycle of disadvantage with little being done to help, report shows". ABC News. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  84. ^ The most liveable suburbs in Sydney's west by Jennifer Duke, 2 August 2016
  85. ^ Blacktown and other western suburbs top Sydney's most popular areas to buy property by News.com.au, 21 February 2018
  86. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from the original
    on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  87. ^ a b "NEWINGTON FARM". The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 April 1930. p. 9. Retrieved 30 April 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  88. ^ "An old family". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 March 1914. p. 4. Retrieved 16 September 2011 – via National Library of Australia.
  89. ^ "Census of population and housing: selected characteristics for urban centres, Australia" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2003. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  90. ^ "Fact Sheet – Light Horse Interchange" (PDF). Westlink Motorway Limited. May 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  91. ^ Alpha Numeric Implementation Factsheet, Roads and Maritime Services. Retrieved 28 May 2013
  92. ^ Western Motorway (M4) Ozroads: the Australian Roads Website. Retrieved on 29 August 2008.[self-published source]
  93. ^ "M4 Motorway Website". Statewide Roads. Retrieved 29 August 2008.
  94. ^ "Cumberland Highway". Ozroads. Retrieved 23 October 2016.[self-published source]
  95. ^ "Metroad 5". Ozroads. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  96. ^ "A GUIDE TO SYDNEY'S TOLL ROADS" (PDF). NRMA Motoring and Services. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
  97. ^ "Calls to improve Henry Lawson Drive". Bankstown City Council. Archived from the original on 20 March 2011.
  98. ^ "Westlink M7 Motorway". Abigroup. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  99. ^ "WSROC member councils". Western Sydney Regional Organisation of Councils. 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  100. ^ "Macarthur Region". MACROC. 2008. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  101. ^ Joyce, Barnaby (8 March 2013). "Labor redefines meaning of "regional" spending to suit Western Sydney campaign". Australian Conservative. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  102. ^ Eltham, Ben (5 March 2013). "There's Something About Western Sydney". New Matilda. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  103. ^ "THE World University Rankings 2021". Times Higher Education. 26 September 2020.
  104. ^ "Water theme park planned for Sydney". ABC News. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  105. ^ "Auburn Botanical Gardens". chah.gov.au. Archived from the original on 6 October 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  106. Holroyd City Council
    . Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  107. ^ "Visitor Information – How to Get Here". Sydney Motorsport Park. Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  108. Department of Planning & Environment. Retrieved 27 March 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  109. ^ "Australian Convict Sites". UNESCO's World Heritage.>
  110. ^ O'Maley, Christine (23 November 2009). "Featherdale beats Opera House to claim major tourism award". Blacktown Advocate. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  111. ^ Westfield Group – Westfield Property Portfolio Archived 12 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  112. ^ Chalmers, Emma; Martin, Saray (1 August 2010). "World Heritage Committee approves Australian Convict Sites as places of importance". The Courier–Mail. Australia. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  113. ^ Energy, Department of the Environment and (17 April 2018). "National Heritage Places – Old Government House and Government Domain, Parramatta". www.environment.gov.au.
  114. ^ Prospect Hill | NSW Environment & Heritage
  115. Department of Planning & Environment. H00245. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  116. Department of Planning & Environment. H00206. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  117. Department of Planning & Environment. H00632. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  118. Department of Planning & Environment. H00698. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  119. Department of Planning & Environment. H00283. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  120. Department of Planning & Environment. H00285. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  121. Department of Planning & Environment. H01679. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  122. Department of Planning & Environment. H01664. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  123. Department of Planning & Environment. H00250. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  124. Department of Planning & Environment. H01978. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC-BY 4.0 licence
    .
  125. ^ Herron Todd White Property Advisors: The Month in Review Archived 20 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine, 1 February 2004.
  126. ^ Boulous, Chris (20 April 2018). "Nothing Bland about our Oak tree". Fairfield City Champion. FAIRFAX REGIONAL MEDIA. Retrieved 29 August 2018.

Notes

External links