Western brush wallaby
Western brush wallaby[1] | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
Order: | Diprotodontia |
Family: | Macropodidae |
Genus: | Notamacropus |
Species: | N. irma
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Binomial name | |
Notamacropus irma (Jourdan, 1837)
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Western brush wallaby range | |
Synonyms[2] | |
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The western brush wallaby (Notamacropus irma), also known as the black-gloved wallaby, is a species of
The western brush wallaby has a grey colour with distinctive white colouring around the face, arms and legs (although it does have black gloves as its alternative common name implies). It is an unusually
Taxonomy
The western brush wallaby was first scientifically described by Claude Jourdan in 1837.[4] It also goes by the common names of the black-gloved wallaby[5] or the kwoora.[2] The western brush wallaby falls under the order Diprotodontia which is composed of marsupials with only one pair of incisors in the lower jaw (although a second, non-functional pair may be present), three pairs of upper incisors, and no lower canine teeth. All of these characteristics of the teeth are clear adaptions for an herbivorous diet.[6] The western brush wallaby is in the superfamily Macropodoidea, the suborder Macropodiformes, and the genus Notamacropus.[7][1] They are part of the largest family of marsupials, Macropodidae, which are believed to have become secondarily terrestrial after descending from arboreal marsupials.[6]
Following systematic revisions of
Names derived from the
Description
A species of Notamacropus, with a head and body measurement up to 900 millimetres and tail from 600 to 950 mm; the standing height of N. irma is around 800 mm. The western brush wallaby's gunmetal grey colouring resembles the larger kangaroos of the region. Their tail length is proportionally long to their smaller body size. The adult western brush wallaby weighs anywhere from 7.0-9.0 kg. Their colouring consists of a pale to mid grey coat with a distinct white facial stripe from the ear to the mouth.[11] Other distinct features include black and white ears, black hands and feet, and crest of black hairs on the tail.[5] Some individuals present darkly coloured barring that is slightly visible at the back and rump. The size of the male and female are quite similar.
Behaviour
Almost all of their feeding activity is during daylight, whereas most macropods are somewhat nocturnal. The posture of the species when escaping an observer is horizontal, with the tail outstretched and head held down.[11] Little is known about the behaviour of the western brush wallaby, however much of their behavior is consistent with that of other members of the family Macropodidae.
Diet
The western brush wallaby is a herbivore, although there is disagreement on whether it is a browser, eating mainly leaves, or a grazer, eating mainly grass, as there has not been extensive research done. It is a diurnal animal, which is somewhat unusual for macropods, and is active during dawn and dusk, making it
Reproduction
Although decades of research have been done in regards to the reproductive behavior of the western brush wallaby, their habits are relatively unknown. The young are usually born during April and May. Females, like all marsupials, have a well-developed forwardly opening pouch containing four teats.[6] The female gives birth to one young a time, with two rarely occurring. Gestation lasts from three to five weeks. After birth, the young enter the lactation period for seven months, until October or November.[5] After vacating the pouch the young wallaby goes through a weaning period during which it will stick its head in the pouch temporarily attach itself to a teat.
Movement
Like all others in the family Macropodidae, the western brush wallabies are characterised by powerful hind limbs and long hind feet. It runs by weaving or sidestepping, utilising its powerful hind-limbs, while keeping its head low and its tail extended straight, making it very speedy.
The western brush wallaby resembles
Distribution and habitat
The western brush wallaby is found in the southwest coastal region of Western Australia from
Population and conservation status
During the early days of settlement of Western Australia the western brush wallaby was very common.[5] Soon after Europeans settled in Western Australia, commercial trade of wallaby skins began.[2]
Exotic species have had a tremendous effect on Australia, as it is a very geographically isolated continent; it has experienced an unparalleled rate of extinction.[15] In the 1970s, the population the western brush wallaby began to decline as the population of the red fox dramatically increased. The red foxes particularly targeted the juvenile wallabies as soon as they left their mother's pouch.[5] According to a survey taken in 1970 in the Jarrah Forests of the Darling Range,[2] there were 10 individuals per 100 square kilometres; another survey was taken in 1990 and the population had declined to 1 per 100 square kilometres. The population of the western grey kangaroo, which only differs from the western brush wallaby in its large size, was also monitored during this time; the kangaroos' population remained constant during the 20-year period.
Kinnear's pioneering work in the 1990s provided the Department of Environment and Conservation of Western Australia with an effective method of controlling the red foxes using meat and egg baits with “1080”, an environmentally-friendly toxin. His method proved successful and significantly contributed to the recovery of the western brush wallaby, along with several other animal populations. Currently there are about 100,000 animals. Due to this recovery, the western brush wallaby been moved from the IUCN Near Threatened list to the Least Concern list.
Although red fox control measures have helped the population stabilise considerably, due to habitat clearing for farming the population is still fragmented and their range greatly reduced.[2]
References
- ^ OCLC 62265494.
- ^ . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ ISBN 9780195508703.
- ^ Jourdan, Claude (1837). "Mémoire sur quelques mammifères nouveaux". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. 5: 523 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ a b c d e f g [1], Burt and Babs Wells, Department of Environment and Conservation of Australia.
- ^ ISBN 9781560986737.
- .
- ISBN 9781486300136.
- ISSN 0024-4082.
- OCLC 776940877.
- ^ ISBN 9780195573954.
- ^ a b [2], Australian Faunal Database, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population, and Communities.
- ISBN 9780521595551.
- ISBN 9789546421982.
- ISBN 9780949324481.
External links
- Department of Environment and Heritage Species Profiles
- Wann, J.M.; Bell, D.T. (1997). "Dietary preferences of the black-gloved wallaby (Macropus irma) and the western grey kangaroo (M. fuliginosus) in Whiteman Park, Perth, Western Australia" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 80: 55–62.
- "Notamacropus irma (Jourdan, 1837)". Atlas of Living Australia.