Westhoughton
Westhoughton | ||
---|---|---|
Metropolitan county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | Bolton | |
Postcode district | BL5 | |
Dialling code | 01942 | |
Police | Greater Manchester | |
Fire | Greater Manchester | |
Ambulance | North West | |
UK Parliament | ||
Website | Official website | |
Westhoughton (/wɛstˈhɔːtən/ west-HAW-tən) is a town and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England,[1] 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Bolton, 5 miles (8 km) east of Wigan and 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Manchester.[2]
Within the boundaries of the
Westhoughton incorporates several former villages and hamlets which have their own distinctive character, sports traditions and amenities, including Wingates, White Horse, Over Hulton, Four Gates, Chequerbent, Hunger Hill, Snydale, Hart Common, Marsh Brook, Daisy Hill and Dobb Brow.[5]
History
Toponymy
The name Westhoughton is derived from the Old English, halh (dialectal "haugh") for a nook or corner of land, and 'tun' for a farmstead or settlement – meaning a "westerly settlement in a corner of land". It has been recorded variously as Halcton in 1210, Westhalcton in 1240, Westhalghton in 1292, Westhalton in 1302 and in the 16th-century as Westhaughton and Westhoughton.[6][7]
The people of Westhoughton are sometimes known as "Howfeners" (from Houghton) or "Keaw-yeds" (cow heads) or "Keawyedners" (a combination of the two), and the town is known as "Keawyed City". Supposed folklore ("re-invented" in the
Banastre Rebellion
In 1315, a group of men led by Sir William Bradshaigh of
Civil War
On 15 December 1642, during the
It is believed that
Industrial Revolution
On 25 March 1812, a group of
In 1891, the Rose Hill Doubling Mill had 8,020 spindles and Higson and Biggs' Victoria Mill had 40,000 spindles. Bolton Road Mill housed 564 looms weaving shirtings and Perseverance Mill had 600 looms manufacturing
The
In 1896, the Wigan Coal and Iron Company's Eatock Pits employed 484 underground and 89 surface workers whilst the Hewlett Pits, at Hart Common, employed 981 underground and 182 on the surface.[21]
Governance
Lying within the boundaries of
Under the
Westhoughton civil parish gained
Parliamentary representation
For 98 years between 1885 and 1983, the
The constituency had by-elections in 1921, 1951 and 1973 due to the retirement, ill-health or death of the sitting MPs. The last MP for Westhoughton was Roger Stott (Labour) who, on abolition of the Westhoughton constituency, was elected MP for Wigan in 1983.
The 1983 redistribution of seats reflected
Geography
Westhoughton covers an area of 4,341 acres (1,757 ha) and has an average breadth of over 2 miles (3.2 km) from north-east to south-west, and an extreme length of nearly 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from northwest to south-east. The highest ground at over 480 feet (150 m) is to the north east with the land sloping downwards to the south-west. The lowest point at about 120 feet (37 m) is in the extreme southerly corner. Borsdane Brook separates the township from
Demography
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Sources:[31][32][33][34][35][4][3] |
Education
The long established St John's, Wingates CE Primary & Fourgates County Primary schools were closed in 2004 following amalgamation to form The Gates CP School. Westhoughton CP School closed in 2008. An earlier round of reorganisation saw the closure of Hart Common Primary School and opening of St George's on The Hoskers, and the closure of the tiny County Primary at White Horse which is now a private nursery.
School | Type/Status | Ofsted | Website |
---|---|---|---|
Eatock Primary School, Daisy Hill | Primary | 105202 | Official site |
Sacred Heart R.C. Primary School | Primary | 105243 | Official site |
St George's C.E. Primary School | Primary | 131038 | Official site |
St James C.E. Primary School, Daisy Hill | Primary | 105209 | Official site |
St Thomas' C.E. School, Chequerbent | Primary | 105234 | Official site |
The Gates Primary School | Primary | 133926 | Official site |
Washacre Primary School | Primary | 105199 | Official site |
St Bartholomew's C of E Primary School originally Westhoughton Parochial C.E. Primary School |
Primary | 105237 | Official site |
Westhoughton Primary School (closed 2008) | Primary | 105180 | Official site |
Westhoughton High School | Secondary | 105252 | Official site |
Religion
Westhoughton's old chapel of 1552 was replaced by a brick-built church in 1731 and the
Other Anglican churches include St John the Evangelist, in the Parish of Wingates, and St James the Great, in the Parish of Daisy Hill. St James' is a Grade II* listed building.[42]
The Roman Catholic Sacred Heart parish church fell into disrepair; it was demolished and replaced by a new building incorporating a church hall.
John Wesley preached a sermon at Barnaby's Farm in Wingates in 1784. Services were held in cottages opposite the farm before the first Methodist church was built in 1835. Another Methodist Church was built in Dixon Street in 1871. Houses occupy the site of Westhoughton Independent Methodist Church, where Wesley once stood, but the stone, from which he preached, was moved to Grove Lane Chapel, now Westhoughton Methodist Church's church hall. The final service was held by the Independent Methodist Church in 2001 and the church was subsequently demolished.[43] Daisy Hill Methodist Church was closed and demolished in the late 1980s. The new, Methodist church was built adjacent to Grove Lane Chapel, which now serves as church hall.[44]
The industrial north west was a focus for non-conformism, and until the 1990s the
Landmarks
Snydle water tower was built by Westhoughton Council in 1914 and lay derelict for many years with its tank removed and the tower open to the sky. It has been restored and converted into a private dwelling that is visible from the M61 motorway.
The Church of England School built in 1861, opposite St Bartholomew's church, is a Grade II listed building[47] as are houses at 110 and 112, Market Street.[48] The school, which was known as Westhoughton Parochial School, has been renamed St Bartholomew's Church of England, Primary School.
The red brick and terracotta town hall and Carnegie library were built between 1902 and 1904 to the designs of Bradshaw & Gass.
Transport
The
In the late 1980s, a railway station planned for Dobb Brow was not built.[51] Lostock and Horwich Parkway stations, to the north, also serve the town. The annual usage of Daisy Hill and Westhoughton stations was more than 500,000 passengers in 2013/14, greater than many major UK towns.[52]
Westhoughton is served by bus services to
Media
The weekly Horwich and Westhoughton Journal was published (by The Bolton News) from 1925 until 1980, and had an editorial and revenue office in Market Street.[53]
The town's
Notable residents
- Robert Shaw (1927–1978)– actor, born at 51 King Street on 9 August 1927.[56] Shaw appeared in From Russia With Love, A Man for All Seasons, The Sting and Jaws.[57]
- Rev. Peter Ditchfield – historian and author.
- Bill Farrimond – cricketer, played for England.[58]
- Ethel Johnson – sprinter, represented England at the 1932 Los Angeles Summer Olympics[59]
- Jack Bruton (1903–1986) – footballer for Bolton Wanderers, Burnley and England.[60]
- Francis Lee – footballer for Bolton Wanderers, Manchester City, Derby County and England (27 caps).
- Nicky Hunt – footballer for Bolton Wanderers, Preston North End and Accrington Stanley.
- Dick Pollard – cricketer, played for England.[61]
- Maxine Peake - actress, was born in Westhoughton on 14 July 1974.
- Sir Harry Kroto(1939-2016) - chemist, Nobel Prize winner in 1996.
- Houghton Weavers – a folk group who had a BBC Television series, Sit thi' Deawn, in the 1970s, and a radio show.
- brass bandsin the United Kingdom. Formed in 1873.
Freedom of the Parish
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Parish of Westhoughton.
Individuals
See also
- Listed buildings in Westhoughton
- Chequerbent railway station
- Chequerbent railway station (1831)
- Borsdane Wood
- Daisy Hill F.C.
- Westhoughton Greyhound Track
- List of mining disasters in Lancashire
References
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