White-eyed vireo

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White-eyed vireo
Temporal range: Late Pleistocene–present
↓
Song

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Vireonidae
Genus: Vireo
Species:
V. griseus
Binomial name
Vireo griseus
(Boddaert, 1783)

The white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) is a small songbird of the family Vireonidae.

Distribution and habitat

It breeds in the eastern United States from

Gulf Coast and further south are resident, but most North American birds migrate south in winter. This vireo
frequents bushes and shrubs in abandoned cultivation or overgrown pastures.

Breeding

The grass-lined nest is a neat cup shape, attached to a fork in a tree branch by

eggs
. Both the male and female incubate the eggs for 12–16 days. The young leave the nest 9–11 days after hatching.

Description

Measurements:[2]

  • Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm)
  • Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (10-14 g)
  • Wingspan: 6.7 in (17 cm)

Its head and back are a greyish olive, and the underparts are white with yellow flanks. The wings and tail are dark, and there are two white wing bars on each wing. The eyes have white irises, and are surrounded by yellow spectacles. Sexes are similar.

Call

The white-eyed vireo's song is a variable and rapid six to seven note phrase, starting and ending with a sharp chick.

Diet

During the breeding season, the diet of this species consists almost exclusively of insects, primarily caterpillars. In the autumn and winter it supplements its diet of insects with berries.

Taxonomy

The white-eyed vireo was described by the French polymath

type locality was restricted to New Orleans.[6][7] The white-eyed vireo is now placed in the genus Vireo was introduced in 1808 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot.[8][9] The word vireo was used by Latin authors for a small green migratory bird, probably a Eurasian golden oriole but a European greenfinch has also been suggested. The specific epithet griseus is Medieval Latin for grey.[10]

Six subspecies are recognised:[9]

  • V. g. griseus (Boddaert, 1783) – central and east US (includes noveboracensis)[11][12]
  • V. g. maynardi Brewster, 1887 – south Florida (southeast US)
  • V. g. bermudianus Bangs & Bradlee, 1901 – Bermuda
  • V. g. micrus Nelson, 1899 – south Texas (south US) and northeast Mexico
  • V. g. perquisitor Nelson, 1900 – east Mexico
  • V. g. marshalli Phillips, AR, 1991 – east central Mexico

The northern subspecies, V. g. noveboracensis, occupies most of the range of this species and is fully migratory. This sub-species is larger and has more brightly colored plumage than all other subspecies.

The resident southeastern coastal plain race, V. g. griseus is a slightly smaller and duller colored subspecies. It does not typically migrate out of its breeding range in the winter.

The resident Florida Keys race, V. g. maynardi, is greyer above and whiter below, and the south Texan V. g. micrus is like a smaller maynardi.

V. g. bermudianus is endemic to

Bermuda cedar
trees in the 1940s, and is now quite rare. This species is listed under the Bermuda Protected Species Act 2003.

Gallery

  • White-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) at Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge
    White-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) at Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge
  • White-eyed vireo
    White-eyed vireo
  • Vireo griseus bermudianus in Bermuda
    Vireo griseus bermudianus in Bermuda
  • White-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus bermudianus) in Bermuda
    White-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus bermudianus) in Bermuda
  • White-eyed vireo by Alastair Rae
    White-eyed vireo by Alastair Rae

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22705188A137793946.en
    . Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  2. ^ "White-eyed Vireo Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  3. ^ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de (1780). "Le gris-olive". Histoire naturelle des oiseaux (in French). Vol. 7. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 392.
  4. Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie (1765–1783). "Tangara olive, de la Lousiane"
    . Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 8. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 714 Fig. 1.
  5. ^ Boddaert, Pieter (1783). Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés (in French). Utrecht. p. 45, Number 714 Fig. 1.
  6. JSTOR 2421142
    .
  7. ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 113–114.
  8. ^ Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1808). Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale : contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Chez Desray. p. 83. The title page bears a date of 1807 but the volume did not appear until the following year.
  9. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Shrikes, vireos, shrike-babblers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  10. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4
    .
  11. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2
    .
  12. ^ Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Cardiff, S.W.; Dittmann, D.L. (1998). "Status and natural history of birds of Louisiana. I. Vireos (Vireonidae)" (PDF). Journal of Louisiana Ornithology. 4 (2): 59–102.
  13. ^ "Birds: White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus bermudianus)". Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Government of Bermuda. Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Government of Bermuda. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  14. Audubon Society of Bermuda
    . Retrieved 2021-10-03.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vireo griseus.
Wikispecies has information related to Vireo griseus.


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