White-lipped peccary
White-lipped peccary Temporal range:
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Artiodactyla |
Family: | Tayassuidae |
Genus: | Tayassu Fischer von Waldheim, 1814 |
Species: | T. pecari
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Binomial name | |
Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795)
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Range of the white-lipped peccary (note that the Central American part of its range is much more fragmented in actuality and that its presence in El Salvador is erroneous)
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Synonyms | |
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The white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) is a
They are an important part of their ecosystem and multiple efforts are being made to preserve them in the wild. Not all disappearances are explained, but human activities play a role, with two major threats being deforestation and hunting; the latter is very common in rural areas, although it can be dangerous, as white-lipped peccaries can be aggressive. They are hunted for both their hide and meat.
Taxonomy
The white-lipped peccary was first described by
Subspecies
There are five recognized subspecies:[7]
- T. p. pecari (Link, 1795)
- T. p. aequatoris (Lönnberg, 1921)
- T. p. albirostris (Illiger, 1815)
- T. p. ringens (Merriam, 1901)
- T. p. spiradens (Goldman, 1912)
Evolution
The
Hybrids
The white-lipped peccary is capable of producing offspring with the
Description
The white-lipped peccary is a piglike
Distribution and habitat
The white-lipped peccary is native to
A 2018 study found that they had disappeared from 87% of their historical range in Mesoamerica (which the study defined as everywhere between southern Mexico and Panama), and were in "critical condition" in the seven Mesoamerican countries they still inhabited.[12] Studies by the International Union for Conservation of Nature found similar information, with a reported decline of 89% in Costa Rica and 84% in Mexico and Guatemala.[13]
Behavior and ecology
White-lipped peccaries generally move from place to place in large herds. Unlike D. tajacu, which travels single-file, T. pecari moves in broad groups.[5] Group sizes can range from under ten (while uncommon, groups as small as five have been recorded[1]) to as many as 300. Especially large groups are rarer now than they were historically, due to the declining population of T. pecari.[12] The average group size in a fragmented area of the Atlantic Forest was found to be around 42, although herds frequently come into contact with one another and interbreed.[1] Juvenile peccaries have been found to make up no more than 20% of herds in studies.[5]
As mentioned previously, the range of T. pecari overlaps with that of D. tajacu. This overlap is significant, with both found in similar habitats across the
They can produce screaming noises and clack their teeth when they travel in herds, which allows them to be heard from hundreds of meters away facilitating “group coherence” and intimidating potential predators. In common with other peccaries,
Feeding
White-lipped peccaries forage for food, frequently doing so in
Predation
White-lipped peccaries are an important prey for large felines.
Reproduction and life cycle
T. pecari breeds year-round. The
Conservation
The white-lipped peccary is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. Its population is currently decreasing, despite protective measures.[1] It is also listed on Appendix II on CITES and has been listed there since 1987.[17]
Threats
The white-lipped peccary faces numerous threats. The large amount of space they require makes them very threatened by
Conservation efforts
The white-lipped peccary already occurs in multiple protected areas, including the
Relationship with humans
T. pecari is frequently hunted by both the
References
- ^ . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
- S2CID 222846767.
- ^ "Explore the Database". Mammaldiversity.org. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived from the originalon 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ^ JSTOR 2388025. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Mammal Species of the World - Browse: pecari". www.departments.bucknell.edu. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Tayassu pecari Link 1795 (white-lipped peccary)". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ^ S2CID 83520280.
- ^ a b c John J. Mayer; Ralph M. Wetzel (1987). Tayassu pecari.
- ^ a b c "Peccary". sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Rapid decline of White-Lipped Peccary Populations in Mesoamerica" (PDF). November 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- ^ IUCN. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- doi:10.15468/39omei. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ^ a b "White-lipped Peccary". worldlandtrust.org. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ Watt, E. Melanie (18 September 2020). "New video of peccaries mobbing a jaguar shows predator-prey interactions go both ways". Massive Science. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ^ "White-lipped Peccary". cites.org. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
- ^ "Honduras". worldlandtrust.org. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ^ Patterson, B. D.; Stotz, D. F. & Solari, S. (2006). "Mammals and birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru" (PDF). Fieldiana: Zoology. New series. 110: 1–49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- ^ "Huangana". peru.wcs.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2022.
Notes
- ^ Although identified by the American Society of Mammalogists as Dicotyles tajacu,[3][4] some sources incorrectly describe the collared peccary as another member of Tayassu.[5][6]