White Colombians
This article may require Arab Colombian, Italian Colombian ,
White Latin American and White people |
White Colombians are the Colombian descendants of European and Middle Eastern people living in Colombia. According to the 2018 census, 87.58% of Colombians do not identify with any ethnic group, thus being either white or mestizo (of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry), which are not categorized separately.[7]
Distribution and ethnic background
While most sources estimate whites to be 20% of the country's population,[2][3][4] According to a Latinobarómetro poll, 25% of Colombians surveyed self-identified as being White.[5]
Whites live mainly in the
Genetics
According to research published in 2014, where the ancestry of five Latin American countries was evaluated, the average Colombian genetic admixture is 60% European, 29% Amerindian, and 11%, African, with self-identified white Colombians (19.3% of the samples) being 65% European, 26% Amerindian, and 9% African.[1]
History
Colonial period
The presence of Whites in Colombia began in 1510 with the colonization of San Sebastián de Urabá. In 1525, settlers founded Santa Marta, the oldest Spanish city still in existence in Colombia. Many Spaniards came searching for gold, while others established themselves as leaders of social organizations teaching the Christian faith and the ways of their civilization.[14]
Immigration from Europe
Basque priests introduced handball into Colombia.[15] Besides business, Basque immigrants in Colombia were devoted to teaching and public administration.[15] In the first years of the Andean multinational company, Basque sailors navigated as captains and pilots on the majority of the ships until the country was able to train its own crews.[15] In Bogotá, there is a small colony of thirty to forty families who emigrated as a consequence of the Spanish Civil War.[16]
The first German immigrants arrived in the 16th century, contracted by the Spanish Crown, and included explorers such as
In December 1941 the United States government estimated that there were at least 4,000 Germans living in Colombia.[18]
A wave of
There were some Nazi agitators in Colombia, such as Barranquilla businessman Emil Prufurt,[18] but the majority was apolitical. Colombia asked Germans who were on the U.S. blacklist to leave and allowed German and Jewish refugees in the country illegally to stay.[18]
Immigration from the Middle East
Colombia was one of the early foci of
The largest wave of Middle Eastern immigration began around 1880 and remained during the first two decades of the 20th century. They were mainly
During the early part of the 20th century, numerous Jewish immigrants came from Turkey, North Africa, and Syria. Shortly after, Jewish immigrants began to arrive from Eastern Europe.[18] Armenians, Lebanese, Syrians,[22] Palestinians, and some Israelis[23] continued since then to settle in Colombia.[22]
Between 700,000 and 3,200,000 Colombians have full or partial Middle Eastern descent.
See also
- Race and Ethnicity in Colombia
- Mestizo Colombians
- Afro-Colombians
- Indigenous peoples of Colombia
- Spanish Colombian
- Italian Colombian
- Lebanese Colombians
- History of the Jews in Colombia
- Immigration to Colombia
- Colombians
- White people
- Basque Colombians
- Arab Colombians
- Mennonites in Colombia
- Polish Colombians
- French Colombian
- Demographics of Colombia
References
- ^ PMID 25254375.
- ^ a b "Geografia Humana de Colombia" (PDF). p. 20.
- ^ a b "The World Fact Book".
- ^ ISSN 1405-1435. Archived from the original(PDF) on 20 September 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2023. See table on page 218.
- ^ a b "Informe Latinobarómetro 2018". Latinobarometro. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ^ Bushnell & Hudson, p. 87-88.
- ^ "Geoportal del DANE - Geovisor CNPV 2018". geoportal.dane.gov.co. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Bushnell & Hudson, p. 87-88.
- ^ "Apuntes sobre la inmigración sirio-libanesa en Colombia". www.nodo50.org. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ISSN 1147-6753.
- ^ "Estos fueron los primeros alemanes en Colombia". Revista Diners | Revista Colombiana de Cultura y Estilo de Vida (in Spanish). 10 June 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ^ "Conozca a los inmigrantes europeos que se quedaron en Colombia". Revista Diners | Revista Colombiana de Cultura y Estilo de Vida (in Spanish). 2 July 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ^ "News & Events - Irlandeses en Colombia y Antioquia - Department of Foreign Affairs". www.dfa.ie. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ Fodor's South America. p. 402.
- ^ a b c Possible paradises: Basque emigration to Latin America by José Manuel Azcona Pastor, P.203
- ^ Amerikanuak: Basques in the New World by William A. Douglass, Jon Bilbao, P.167
- ^ Jim Watson. "SCADTA Joins the Fight". Stampnotes.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d Latin America during World War II by Thomas M. Leonard, John F. Bratzel, P.117
- ^ Ignacio Klich & Jeff Lesser, Arab and Jewish Immigrants in Latin America: Images and Realities, Psychology Press, 1997, pages 76-78
- ^ "'Lost Jews' Of Colombia Say They've Found Their Roots". NPR.org. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ Wasko, Dennis (13 June 2011). "The Jewish Palate: The Jews of Colombia - Arts & Culture - Jerusalem Post". Jpost.com. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ a b c d e de Posada, Louise Fawcett; Eduardo Posada-Carbó (1992). "En la tierra de las oportunidades: los sirio-libaneses en Colombia" [In the land of opportunity: the Syrian-Lebanese in Colombia]. Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico (in Spanish). XXIX (29). Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
- .
- ^ "Agência de Notícias Brasil-Árabe". .anba.com.br. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ S.A.S, Editorial La República. "Colombia y Medio Oriente". Diario La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
Works cited
- Bushnell, David and Rex A. Hudson. "Racial distinctions". In Colombia: A Country Study (Rex A. Hudson, ed.). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (2010). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.