Demographics of Ecuador
Demographics of 66th)[1] | |
---|---|
Growth rate | 1.443% (2011 est.) |
Language | |
Spoken | Spanish, other indigenous languages. |
Ecuador experienced rapid population growth like most countries, but four decades of an armed conflict pushed millions of Ecuadorians out of the country. However, a rebound economy in the 2000s in urban centres improved the situation of living standards for Ecuadorians in a traditional class stratified economy.
As of 2010, 77.4% of the population identified as "
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1950 | 3,202,757 | — |
1962 | 4,467,007 | +39.5% |
1974 | 6,521,710 | +46.0% |
1982 | 8,060,712 | +23.6% |
1990 | 9,648,189 | +19.7% |
2001 | 12,156,608 | +26.0% |
2010 | 14,483,499 | +19.1% |
2022 | 16,938,986 | +17.0% |
Source:[5] |
Census data
The Ecuadorian census is conducted by the governmental institution known as INEC, Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos (National Institute of Statistics and Census).[6] The census in Ecuador is conducted every ten years, and its objective is to obtain the number of people residing within its borders. The current census now includes household information.
The most recent census (as of 2011) emphasized reaching rural and remote areas to map the most accurate population count in the country. The 2010 census was conducted in November and December, and its results were published 27 January 2011.
The following table shows the dates the most recent censuses were made, and the total population number: The census is a false count due to racism against its large Amerindian population.[citation needed]
No. | Date | Population | Density | Change since previous census |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Census 2001 | 12,156,608 | 53.8 | |
2 | Census 2010 | 14,306,876 | 55.8 | +14%[6] |
Index of growth:
No. | Time lapse | Growth percentile |
---|---|---|
1 | 1950–1962 | 2.96% |
2 | 1962–1974 | 3.10% |
3 | 1974–1982 | 2.62% |
4 | 1982–1990 | 2.19% |
5 | 1990–2001 | 2.05% |
6 | 2001–2010 | 1.52%[7] |
UN estimates
According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[8][9] the total population was 17,797,737 in 2021, compared to only 3,470,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 29.0%, 63.4% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.7% was 65 years or older.[10]
Total population (x 1000) |
Proportion aged 0–14 (%) |
Proportion aged 15–64 (%) |
Proportion aged 65+ (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 3 470 | 39.5 | 55.2 | 5.3 |
1955 | 3 957 | 41.6 | 53.5 | 4.9 |
1960 | 4 546 | 43.3 | 52.0 | 4.7 |
1965 | 5 250 | 44.5 | 51.0 | 4.5 |
1970 | 6 073 | 44.3 | 51.5 | 4.3 |
1975 | 6 987 | 43.7 | 52.2 | 4.1 |
1980 | 7 976 | 41.8 | 54.1 | 4.1 |
1985 | 9 046 | 40.0 | 55.9 | 4.1 |
1990 | 10 218 | 38.2 | 57.5 | 4.3 |
1995 | 11 441 | 36.3 | 59.1 | 4.6 |
2000 | 12 629 | 34.7 | 60.3 | 5.0 |
2005 | 13 826 | 33.1 | 61.5 | 5.4 |
2010 | 15 011 | 31.0 | 63.0 | 6.0 |
2015 | 16 212 | 29.1 | 64.3 | 6.6 |
2020 | 17 643 | 27.4 | 65.0 | 7.6 |
Structure of the population
Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 7 815 935 | 7 958 814 | 15 774 749 | 100 |
0–4 | 864 669 | 826 731 | 1 691 400 | 10.72 |
5–9 | 854 691 | 816 503 | 1 671 194 | 10.59 |
10–14 | 815 838 | 783 725 | 1 599 563 | 10.14 |
15–19 | 756 376 | 737 082 | 1 493 458 | 9.47 |
20–24 | 685 997 | 682 849 | 1 368 846 | 8.68 |
25–29 | 620 881 | 635 987 | 1 256 868 | 7.97 |
30–34 | 559 055 | 593 148 | 1 152 203 | 7.30 |
35–39 | 495 340 | 538 054 | 1 033 394 | 6.55 |
40–44 | 437 744 | 476 215 | 913 959 | 5.79 |
45–49 | 387 618 | 419 090 | 806 708 | 5.11 |
50–54 | 336 267 | 360 935 | 697 202 | 4.42 |
55–59 | 279 746 | 298 503 | 578 249 | 3.67 |
60–64 | 223 411 | 238 973 | 462 384 | 2.93 |
65–69 | 172 623 | 187 448 | 360 071 | 2.28 |
70–74 | 128 033 | 142 255 | 270 288 | 1.71 |
75–79 | 89 929 | 101 191 | 191 120 | 1.21 |
80–84 | 57 585 | 64 467 | 122 052 | 0.77 |
85–89 | 31 289 | 34 891 | 66 180 | 0.42 |
90–94 | 13 655 | 15 370 | 29 025 | 0.18 |
95–99 | 4 898 | 5 145 | 10 043 | 0.06 |
100+ | 290 | 252 | 542 | 0.03 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 2 535 198 | 2 426 959 | 4 962 157 | 31.46 |
15–64 | 4 782 435 | 4 980 836 | 9 763 271 | 61.89 |
65+ | 498 302 | 551 019 | 1 049 321 | 6.65 |
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 8 783 789 | 8 967 488 | 17 751 277 | 100 |
0–4 | 845 954 | 808 798 | 1 654 752 | 9.32 |
5–9 | 853 987 | 817 229 | 1 671 216 | 9.41 |
10–14 | 861 741 | 823 598 | 1 685 339 | 9.49 |
15–19 | 833 964 | 798 770 | 1 632 734 | 9.20 |
20–24 | 778 930 | 755 659 | 1 534 589 | 8.64 |
25–29 | 712 218 | 706 341 | 1 418 559 | 7.99 |
30–34 | 647 958 | 658 656 | 1 306 614 | 7.36 |
35–39 | 590 249 | 618 416 | 1 208 665 | 6.81 |
40–44 | 528 482 | 571 807 | 1 100 289 | 6.20 |
45–49 | 464 207 | 509 979 | 974 186 | 5.49 |
50–54 | 406 015 | 446 926 | 852 941 | 4.80 |
55–59 | 350 539 | 387 801 | 738 340 | 4.16 |
60–64 | 290 143 | 324 072 | 614 215 | 3.46 |
65-69 | 226 290 | 257 338 | 483 628 | 2.72 |
70-74 | 165 840 | 194 960 | 360 800 | 2.03 |
75-79 | 112 069 | 138 213 | 250 282 | 1.41 |
80-84 | 66 621 | 85 696 | 152 317 | 0.86 |
85-89 | 32 786 | 42 792 | 75 578 | 0.43 |
90-94 | 12 487 | 16 097 | 28 584 | 0.16 |
95-99 | 3 192 | 4 184 | 7 376 | 0.04 |
100+ | 117 | 156 | 273 | <0.01 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 2 561 682 | 2 449 625 | 5 011 307 | 28.23 |
15–64 | 5 602 705 | 5 778 427 | 11 381 132 | 64.11 |
65+ | 619 402 | 739 436 | 1 358 838 | 7.65 |
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events is in Ecuador not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[10]
Period | Live births per year |
Deaths per year |
Natural change per year |
CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* | Life expectancy total |
Life expectancy males |
Life expectancy females |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 169,000 | 71,000 | 98,000 | 45.6 | 19.2 | 26.4 | 6.75 | 140 | 48.4 | 47.1 | 49.6 |
1955–1960 | 190,000 | 71,000 | 119,000 | 44.8 | 16.7 | 28.1 | 6.75 | 129 | 51.4 | 50.1 | 52.7 |
1960–1965 | 214,000 | 71,000 | 143,000 | 43.6 | 14.5 | 29.1 | 6.65 | 119 | 54.7 | 53.4 | 56.1 |
1965–1970 | 239,000 | 73,000 | 166,000 | 42.2 | 13.0 | 29.2 | 6.40 | 107 | 56.8 | 55.4 | 58.2 |
1970–1975 | 258,000 | 74,000 | 184,000 | 39.6 | 11.4 | 28.2 | 5.80 | 95 | 58.9 | 57.4 | 60.5 |
1975–1980 | 270,000 | 71,000 | 199,000 | 36.2 | 9.5 | 26.7 | 5.05 | 82 | 61.4 | 59.7 | 63.2 |
1980–1985 | 285,000 | 68,000 | 217,000 | 33.5 | 8.0 | 25.5 | 4.45 | 69 | 64.5 | 62.5 | 66.7 |
1985–1990 | 302,000 | 64,000 | 238,000 | 31.4 | 6.7 | 24.7 | 4.00 | 56 | 67.5 | 65.3 | 69.9 |
1990–1995 | 311,000 | 63,000 | 248,000 | 28.7 | 5.8 | 22.9 | 3.55 | 44 | 70.1 | 67.6 | 72.7 |
1995–2000 | 316,000 | 64,000 | 252,000 | 26.3 | 5.4 | 20.9 | 3.20 | 33 | 72.3 | 69.7 | 75.2 |
2000–2005 | 313,000 | 68,000 | 245,000 | 24.2 | 5.1 | 19.1 | 2.94 | 25 | 74.2 | 71.3 | 77.3 |
2005–2010 | 323,000 | 74,000 | 249,000 | 22.1 | 5.0 | 17.1 | 2.69 | 21 | 75.0 | 72.1 | 78.1 |
2010–2015 | 329,000 | 80,000 | 249,000 | 21.0 | 5.1 | 15.9 | 2.56 | 17 | 76.4 | 73.6 | 79.3 |
2015–2020 | 330,000 | 85,000 | 245,000 | 19.9 | 5.1 | 14.8 | 2.44 | 14 | 77.6 | 74.9 | 80.4 |
2020–2025 | 18.5 | 5.2 | 13.3 | 2.32 | |||||||
2025–2030 | 17.0 | 5.4 | 11.6 | 2.22 | |||||||
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) |
Births and deaths
Year | Population | Live births [13] | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Rate of natural increase | TFR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 10,149,666 | 310,233 | 50,217 | 260,016 | 30.6 | 4.9 | 25.7 | |
1991 | 10,355,598 | 312,007 | 53,333 | 258,674 | 30.1 | 5.2 | 24.9 | |
1992 | 10,567,946 | 319,044 | 53,430 | 265,614 | 30.2 | 5.1 | 25.1 | |
1993 | 10,786,984 | 333,920 | 52,453 | 281,467 | 31.0 | 4.9 | 26.1 | |
1994 | 11,012,925 | 318,063 | 51,165 | 266,898 | 28.9 | 4.6 | 24.3 | |
1995 | 11,246,107 | 322,856 | 50,867 | 271,989 | 28.7 | 4.5 | 24.2 | |
1996 | 11,486,884 | 335,194 | 52,300 | 282,894 | 29.2 | 4.6 | 24.6 | |
1997 | 11,735,391 | 326,174 | 52,089 | 274,085 | 27.8 | 4.4 | 23.4 | |
1998 | 11,992,073 | 316,779 | 54,357 | 262,422 | 26.4 | 4.5 | 21.9 | |
1999 | 12,257,190 | 353,159 | 55,921 | 297,238 | 28.8 | 4.6 | 24.2 | |
2000 | 12,531,210 | 356,065 | 56,420 | 299,645 | 28.4 | 4.5 | 23.9 | |
2001 | 12,814,503 | 341,710 | 55,214 | 286,496 | 26.7 | 4.3 | 22.4 | |
2002 | 13,093,527 | 334,601 | 55,549 | 279,052 | 25.6 | 4.2 | 21.4 | |
2003 | 13,319,575 | 322,227 | 53,521 | 268,706 | 24.2 | 4.0 | 20.2 | |
2004 | 13,551,875 | 312,210 | 54,729 | 257,481 | 23.0 | 4.0 | 19.0 | |
2005 | 13,721,297 | 305,302 | 56,825 | 248,477 | 22.3 | 4.1 | 18.2 | |
2006 | 13,964,606 | 322,030 | 57,940 | 264,090 | 23.1 | 4.1 | 19.0 | |
2007 | 14,214,982 | 322,494 | 58,016 | 264,478 | 22.7 | 4.1 | 18.6 | |
2008 | 14,472,881 | 325,423 | 60,023 | 265,400 | 22.5 | 4.1 | 18.4 | |
2009 | 14,738,472 | 332,859 | 59,714 | 273,145 | 22.6 | 4.1 | 18.5 | |
2010 | 15,012,228 | 320,997 | 61,681 | 259,316 | 21.4 | 4.1 | 17.3 | |
2011 | 15,266,431 | 329,061 | 62,304 | 266,757 | 21.6 | 4.1 | 17.5 | 2.737 |
2012 | 15,520,973 | 319,127 | 63,511 | 255,616 | 20.6 | 4.1 | 16.5 | 2.684 |
2013 | 15,774,749 | 294,441 | 64,206 | 230,235 | 18.8 | 4.1 | 14.7 | 2.634 |
2014 | 16,027,466 | 289,488 | 63,788 | 225,700 | 18.3 | 4.1 | 14.2 | 2.587 |
2015 | 16,278,844 | 289,561 | 65,391 | 222,158 | 17.8 | 4.0 | 13.8 | 2.542 |
2016 | 16,528,730 | 274,643 | 68,304 | 203,786 | 17.0 | 4.1 | 12.9 | 2.499 |
2017 | 16,776,977 | 291,397 | 70,144 | 221,353 | 17.4 | 4.2 | 13.2 | |
2018 | 17,023,408 | 293,139 | 71,982 | 221,157 | 17.3 | 4.2 | 13.1 | |
2019 | 17,267,986 | 285,827 | 74,439 | 211,388 | 16.6 | 4.3 | 12.3 | |
2020 | 17,510,643 | 266,919 | 117,200 | 149,719 | 15.2 | 6.7 | 8.5 | |
2021 | 17,684,000 | 251,978 | 106,211 | 145,767 | 14.2 | 5.9 | 8.3 | |
2022(c) | 16,938,986 | 250,277 | 89,946 | 160,331 | 13.9 | 5.0 | 8.9 |
(c) = Census results.
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January - May 2023 | 36,912 | ||
January - April 2023 | 32,860 | ||
Difference | -4,052 (-10.98%) |
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the
Median Age
- Total: 25.7 years
- Male: 25 years
- Female: 26.3 years (2011 est.)
Population growth rate
- 1.443% (2011 est.)
Net migration rate[14]
- -0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
- -0.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
- 15–64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate
- 0.3% (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS
- 26,000 (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS – deaths
- 1,400 (2007 est.)
Nationality
- noun: Ecuadorian(s)
- adjective: Ecuadorian
Religions
- Roman Catholic: approximately 95%
- Protestant: approximately 4%
- Jewish: below 0.002%
- Eastern Orthodox: under 0.2%
- Muslim: (Suni) approximately 0.001%
- Buddhism: under 0.15%
- Animism: beliefs under 0.5%
- Atheist: and agnostics: 1%
Languages: Spanish (official),
Achuar-Shiwiar – 2,000 Pastaza province. Alternate names: Achuar, Achual, Achuara, Achuale.
Shuar – 46,669 (2000 WCD). Morona-Santiago Province. Alternate names: Jivaro, Xivaro, Jibaro, Chiwaro, Shuara.
Literacy
- definition: age 15 and over can read and write
- total population: 91%
- male: 92.3%
- female: 89.7% (2003 est.)
Geography
Due to the prevalence of malaria and yellow fever in the coastal region until the end of the 19th century, the Ecuadorian population was most heavily concentrated in the highlands and valleys of the "Sierra" region. Today's population is distributed more evenly between the "Sierra" and the "Costa" (the coastal lowlands) region. Migration towards the cities—particularly larger cities—in all regions has increased the urban population to about 55 percent.
The "Oriente" region, consisting of Amazonian lowlands to the east of the Andes and covering about half the country's land area, remains sparsely populated and contains only about 3% of the country's population, that for the most are indigenous peoples who maintain a wary distance from the recent Mestizo and white settlers. The territories of the "Oriente" are home to as many as nine indigenous groups:
As a result of the oil exploration and the development of the infrastructure required for the exploitation of the oil fields in the eastern jungles during the seventies and early eighties, there was a wave of settlement in the region. The Majority of these wave of internal immigration came from the southern province of Loja as a result of a drought that lasted three years and affected the southern provinces of the country. This boom of the petroleum industry has led to a mushrooming of the town of
Nationality, ethnicity, and race
The Ecuadorian constitution recognizes the
According to Kluck, writing in 1989, ethnic groups in Ecuador have had a traditional hierarchy of white, Mestizo, blacks, and then others.[19] Her review depicts this hierarchy as a consequence of colonial attitudes and of the terminology of colonial legal distinctions. Spanish-born persons residing in the New World (peninsulares) were at the top of the social hierarchy, followed by criollos, born of two Spanish parents in the colonies. The 19th century usage of Mestizo was to denote a person whose parents were an Amerindian and a white; a Cholo had one Amerindian and one Mestizo parent. By the 20th century, Mestizo and Cholo were frequently used interchangeably. Kluck suggested that societal relationships, occupation, manners, and clothing all derived from ethnic affiliation.[19]
Nonetheless, according to Kluck, individuals could potentially switch ethnic affiliation if they had culturally adapted to the recipient group; such switches were made without resort to subterfuge.[19] Moreover, the precise criteria for defining ethnic groups varies considerably. The vocabulary that more prosperous Mestizos and whites used in describing ethnic groups mixes social and biological characteristics. Ethnic affiliation thus is dynamic; Indians often become Mestizos, and prosperous Mestizos seek to improve their status sufficiently to be considered whites. Ethnic identity reflects numerous characteristics, only one of which is physical appearance; others include dress, language, community membership, and self-identification.[18]
A geography of ethnicity remained well-defined until the surge in migration that began in the 1950s. Whites resided primarily in larger cities. Mestizos lived in small towns scattered throughout the countryside. Indians formed the bulk of the Sierra rural populace, although Mestizos filled this role in the areas with few Indians. Most blacks lived in Esmeraldas Province, with small enclaves found in the Carchi and Imbabura provinces. Pressure on Sierra land resources and the dissolution of the traditional hacienda, however, increased the numbers of Indians migrating to the Costa, the Oriente, and the cities. By the 1980s, Sierra Indians—or Indians in the process of switching their ethnic identity to that of Mestizos—lived on Costa plantations, in Quito, Guayaquil, and other cities, and in colonization areas in the Oriente and the Costa. Indeed, Sierra Amerindians residing in the coastal region substantially outnumbered the remaining original Costa inhabitants, the Cayapa and Colorado Indians. In the late 1980s, analysts estimated that there were only about 4,000 Cayapas and Colorados. Some blacks had migrated from the remote region of the Ecuadorian-Colombian border to the towns and cities of Esmeraldas.[18]
Afro-Ecuadorian
Afro-Ecuadorians are an
Ecuador has a population of about 1,120,000 descendants from African people. The Afro-Ecuadorian culture is found primarily in the country's northwest coastal region. Africans form a majority (70%) in the province of
Indigenous
Sierra Indigenous
Sierra Indigenous had an estimated population of 1.5 to 2 million in the early 1980s and live in the intermontane valleys of the Andes. Prolonged contact with Hispanic culture, which dates back to the conquest, has had a homogenizing effect, reducing the variation among the indigenous Sierra tribes.[22]
The Indigenous people of the Sierra are separated from whites and Mestizos by a caste-like gulf. They are marked as a disadvantaged group; to be an Indigenous person in Ecuador is to be stigmatized. Poverty rates are higher and literacy rates are lower among Indigenous than the general population. They enjoy limited participation in national institutions and are often excluded from social and economic opportunities available to more privileged groups. However, some groups of Indigenous, such as the Otavalo people, have increased their socioeconomic status to extent that they enjoy a higher standard of living than many other Indigenous groups in Ecuador and many Mestizos of their area.
Visible markers of ethnic affiliation, especially hairstyle, dress, and language, separate Indigenous from the rest of the populace. Indigenous wore more manufactured items by the late 1970s than previously; their clothing, nonetheless, was distinct from that of other rural inhabitants. Indigenous in communities relying extensively on wage labor sometimes assumed Western-style dress while still maintaining their Indigenous identity. Indigenous speak Spanish and, Quichua—a Quechua dialect—although most are bilingual, speaking Spanish as a second language with varying degrees of facility. By the late 1980s, some younger Indigenous no longer learned Quichua.[22]
Oriente Indigenous
Although the Amerindians of the Oriente first came into contact with Europeans in the 16th century, the encounters were more sporadic than those of most of the country's indigenous population. Until the 19th century, most non-Amerindians entering the region were either traders or missionaries. Beginning in the 1950s, however, the government built roads and encouraged settlers from the Sierra to colonize the Amazon River Basin. Virtually all remaining Indians were brought into increasing contact with national society. The interaction between Indians and outsiders had a profound impact on the indigenous way of life.[23]
In the late 1970s, roughly 30,000 Quichua speakers and 15,000 Jívaros lived in Oriente Indigenous communities. Quichua speakers (sometimes referred to as the Yumbos) grew out of the detribalization of members of many different groups after the Spanish conquest. Subject to the influence of Quichua-speaking missionaries and traders, various elements of the Yumbos adopted the tongue as a lingua franca and gradually lost their previous languages and tribal origins. Yumbos were scattered throughout the Oriente, whereas the Jívaros—subdivided into the Shuar and the Achuar—were concentrated in southeastern Ecuador. Some also lived in northeastern Peru. Traditionally, both groups relied on migration to resolve intracommunity conflict and to limit the ecological damage to the tropical forest caused by slash-and-burn agriculture.[23]
Both the Yumbos and the Jívaros depended on agriculture as their primary means of subsistence.
Shamans (curanderos) played a pivotal role in social relations in both groups. As the main leaders and the focus of local conflicts, shamans were believed to both cure and kill through magical means. In the 1980s group conflicts between rival shamans still erupted into full-scale feuds with loss of life.[23]
The Oriente Indigenous population dropped precipitously during the initial period of intensive contact with outsiders. The destruction of their crops by Mestizos laying claim to indigenous lands, the rapid exposure to diseases to which Indians lacked immunity, and the extreme social disorganization all contributed to increased mortality and decreased birth rates. One study of the Shuar in the 1950s found that the group between ten and nineteen years of age was smaller than expected. This was the group that had been youngest and most vulnerable during the initial contact with national society. Normal population growth rates began to reestablish themselves after approximately the first decade of such contact.[23]
Culture
Ecuador's mainstream culture is defined by its Hispanic Mestizo majority, and like their ancestry, it is traditionally of Spanish heritage, influenced in different degrees by Amerindian traditions, and in some cases by African elements. The first and most substantial wave of modern immigration to Ecuador consisted of Spanish colonists, following the arrival of Europeans in 1499. A lower number of other Europeans and North Americans migrated to the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in smaller numbers, Poles, Lithuanians, English, Irish, and Croats during and after the Second World War.
Since African slavery was not the workforce of the Spanish colonies in the Andes Mountains of South America, given the subjugation of the indigenous people through evangelism and
Ecuador's indigenous communities are integrated into the mainstream culture to varying degrees,
Language
Most Ecuadorians speak Spanish,
Religion
According to the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census, 91.95% of the country's population have a religion, 7.94% are
In the rural parts of Ecuador, indigenous beliefs and Catholicism are sometimes syncretized. Most festivals and annual parades are based on religious celebrations, many incorporating a mixture of rites and icons.[29]
There is a small number of
The "Jewish Community of Ecuador" (Comunidad Judía del Ecuador) has its seat in Quito and has approximately 300 members. Nevertheless, this number is declining because young people leave the country towards the United States of America or Israel.[32] The Community has a Jewish Center with a synagogue, a country club and a cemetery. It supports the "Albert Einstein School", where Jewish history, religion and Hebrew classes are offered. Since 2004, there has also been a Chabad house in Quito.[33]
There are very small communities in
Music
The music of Ecuador has a long history. Pasillo is a genre of Indigenous Latin music. In Ecuador it is the "national genre of music." Through the years, many cultures have influenced to establish new types of music. There are also different kinds of traditional music like albazo, pasacalle, fox incaico, tonada, capishca, Bomba highly established in afro-Ecuadorian society like Esmeraldas, and so on.[38][39]
Tecnocumbia and Rockola are clear examples of foreign cultures' influence. One of the most traditional forms of dancing in Ecuador is Sanjuanito. It is originally from the north of Ecuador (Otavalo-Imbabura). Sanjuanito is a danceable music used in the festivities of the Mestizo and Indigenous culture. According to the Ecuadorian musicologist Segundo Luis Moreno, Sanjuanito was danced by Indigenous people during San Juan Bautista's birthday. This important date was established by the Spaniards on 24 June, coincidentally the same date when Indigenous people celebrated their rituals of Inti Raymi.
Cuisine
Ecuadorian cuisine is diverse, varying with the altitude and associated agricultural conditions. Most regions in Ecuador follow the traditional three course meal of soup, a second course which includes rice and a protein such as meat or fish, and then dessert and coffee to finish. Supper is usually lighter, and sometimes consists only of coffee or herbal tea with bread.
In the highland region, pork, chicken, beef, and cuy (guinea pig) are popular and are served with a variety of grains (especially rice and corn) or potatoes.
In the coastal region, seafood is very popular, with fish, shrimp and
In the Amazon region, a dietary staple is the yuca, elsewhere called cassava. Many fruits are available in this region, including bananas, tree grapes, and peach palms.
Literature
Early literature in colonial Ecuador, as in the rest of Spanish America, was influenced by the
Other early Ecuadorian writers include the Jesuits Juan Bautista Aguirre, born in Daule in 1725, and Father Juan de Velasco, born in Riobamba in 1727. De Velasco wrote about the nations and chiefdoms that had existed in the Kingdom of Quito (today Ecuador) before the arrival of the Spanish. His historical accounts are nationalistic, featuring a romantic perspective of precolonial history.
Famous authors from the late colonial and early republic period include:
Contemporary Ecuadorian writers include the novelist
Art
The best known art styles from Ecuador belonged to the
Sport
The most popular
There is considerable interest in tennis in the middle and upper classes of Ecuadorian society, and several Ecuadorian professional players have attained international fame. Basketball has a high profile, while Ecuador's specialties include
Ecuador has won three medals in the Olympic Games. 20 km racewalker
Migration trends
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2010) |
In recent decades, there has been a high rate of emigration due to the
In Ecuador there are about 100,000 Americans and over 30,000 European Union expatriates. They move to Ecuador for business opportunities and as cheaper place for retirement.
As a result of the political conflict in
Following the migratory trend to Europe many of the jobs that those that left held in the country had been taken over by Peruvian
There is a diverse community of
Ecuador is also home to communities of
There is also a small Asian-Ecuadorian (see
See also
- Ecuadorian census
- Indigenous peoples in Ecuador
- Afro Ecuadorian
- Lebanese people in Ecuador
- Culture of Ecuador
- Social class in Ecuador
- Family in Ecuador
- Ecuadorian Americans
- Hispanics
References
- ^ "Contador Poblacional". ecuadorencifras.gob.ec. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Población del país es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC. (Census results, in Spanish) eluniverso.com (2011-09-02)
- ^ Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities (2013), p. 422. Edited by Carl Skutsch
- S2CID 195354041.
- ^ "EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS VARIABLES INVESTIGADAS EN LOS CENSOS DE POBLACIÓN Y VIVIENDA DEL ECUADOR" (PDF). Ecuador en Cifras. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
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- ^ See also: Lebanese Ecuadorians