White nationalism
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White nationalism is a type of racial nationalism or pan-nationalism which espouses the belief that white people are a race[1] and seeks to develop and maintain a white racial and national identity.[2][3][4] Many of its proponents identify with the concept of a white ethnostate.[5]
White nationalists say they seek to ensure the survival of the white race and the cultures of historically white states. They hold that white people should maintain their majority in majority-white countries, maintain their political and economic dominance, and that their cultures should be foremost in these countries.[4] Many white nationalists believe that miscegenation, multiculturalism, immigration of nonwhites and low birth rates among whites are threatening the white race.[6]
Analysts describe white nationalism as overlapping with
History and usage
According to Merriam-Webster, the first documented use of the term "white nationalist" was 1951, to refer to a member of a militant group which espouses white supremacy and racial segregation.[16] Merriam-Webster also notes usage of the two-word phrase as early as 1925.[17] According to Dictionary.com, the term was first used in the title of a 1948 essay by South African writer and ecologist Thomas Chalmers Robertson titled Racism Comes to Power in South Africa: The Threat of White Nationalism.[18]
According to Daryl Johnson, a former counterterrorism expert at the
Some sociologists have used white nationalism as an umbrella term for a range of white supremacist groups and ideologies, while others regard these movements as distinct. Analysis suggests that two groups largely overlap in terms of membership, ideology, and goals.[20] Civil rights groups have described the two terms as functionally interchangeable. Ryan Lenz of the Southern Poverty Law Center has said "there is really no difference",[21] and Kristen Clarke of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law has said "There is no defensible distinction that can be drawn between white supremacy, white nationalism or white separatism in society today."[7] News reports will sometimes refer to a group or movement by one term or the other, or both interchangeably.[8]
Views
White nationalists claim that culture is a product of race, and advocate for the self-preservation of white people.
Political scientist
White nationalists embrace a variety of religious and
Definitions of whiteness
Most white nationalists define
White nationalist definitions of race are derived from the fallacy of racial essentialism, which presumes that people can be meaningfully categorized into different races by biology or appearance. White nationalism and white supremacy view race as a hierarchy of biologically discrete groups. This has led to the use of often contradictory obsolete racial categories such as Aryanism, Nordicism, or the one-drop rule.[32][33] Since the second half of the 20th century, attempts to categorize humans by race have become increasingly seen as largely pseudoscientific.[33]
Regional movements
Australia
The White Australia policy was semi-official government policy in Australia until the mid twentieth century. It restricted non-white immigration to Australia and gave preference to British migrants over all others.
The Barton government, which won the first elections following the Federation of Australia in 1901, was formed by the Protectionist Party with the support of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). The support of the Labor Party was contingent upon restricting non-white immigration, reflecting the attitudes of the Australian Workers' Union and other labor organizations at the time, upon whose support the Labor Party was founded. The first Parliament of Australia quickly moved to restrict immigration to maintain Australia's "British character", passing the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 and the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 before parliament rose for its first Christmas recess. The Immigration Restriction Act limited immigration to Australia and required a person seeking entry to Australia to write out a passage of 50 words dictated to them in any European language, not necessarily English, at the discretion of an immigration officer. Barton argued in favour of the bill: "The doctrine of the equality of man was never intended to apply to the equality of the Englishman and the Chinaman."[34] The passage chosen for the test could often be very difficult, so that even if the test was given in English, a person was likely to fail. The test enabled immigration officials to exclude individuals on the basis of race without explicitly saying so. Although the test could theoretically be given to any person arriving in Australia, in practice it was given selectively on the basis of race. This test was later abolished in 1958.
Australian Prime Minister Stanley Bruce supported the White Australia policy, and made it an issue in his campaign for the 1925 Australian federal election.[35]
It is necessary that we should determine what are the ideals towards which every Australian would desire to strive. I think those ideals might well be stated as being to secure our national safety, and to ensure the maintenance of our White Australia Policy to continue as an integral portion of the British Empire.[35] We intend to keep this country white and not allow its peoples to be faced with the problems that at present are practically insoluble in many parts of the world.[36]
At the beginning of World War II, Prime Minister John Curtin (ALP) expressed support for White Australia policy: "This country shall remain forever the home of the descendants of those people who came here in peace in order to establish in the South Seas an outpost of the British race."[37]
Another (ALP) Leader of the Labor Party from 1960 to 1967 Arthur Calwell supported the White European Australia policy. This is reflected by Calwell's comments in his 1972 memoirs, Be Just and Fear Not, in which he made it clear that he maintained his view that non-European people should not be allowed to settle in Australia. He wrote:
I am proud of my white skin, just as a Chinese is proud of his yellow skin, a Japanese of his brown skin, and the Indians of their various hues from black to coffee-coloured. Anybody who is not proud of his race is not a man at all. And any man who tries to stigmatize the Australian community as racist because they want to preserve this country for the white race is doing our nation great harm ... I reject, in conscience, the idea that Australia should or ever can become a multi-racial society and survive.[38]
He was the last leader of either the Labour or Liberal party to support it.
Canada
The
The
Germany
The
At the same time
Hungary
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2022) |
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán stated in 2018 that "we do not want to be diverse and do not want to be mixed: we do not want our own colour, traditions and national culture to be mixed with those of others."[58] In 2022, he stated that "we do not want to become peoples of mixed-race," praising The Camp of the Saints and referring specifically to the admixture of Europeans and non-European migrants, commenting that racially mixed countries "are no longer nations."[59] Two days later in Vienna, he clarified that he was talking about cultures and not about race.[60] Laura Barrón-López of PBS described his ideology as white nationalist.[61] White nationalists of the American alt-right and the European identitarian movements enthusiastically support Orbán's policies. Some have personally migrated there and collaborated with the political party Jobbik.[62]
New Zealand
Following the example of anti-Chinese poll taxes enacted by California in 1852 and by Australian states in the 1850s, 1860s and 1870s,
The Immigration Restriction Act of 1899 prohibited the entry of immigrants who were not of British or Irish parentage and who were unable to fill out an application form in "any European language".[63] The Immigration Restriction Amendment Act 1920 aimed to further limit Asian immigration into the Dominion of New Zealand by requiring all potential immigrants not of British or Irish parentage to apply in writing for a permit to enter the country. The Minister of Customs had the discretion to determine whether any applicant was "suitable". Prime Minister William Massey asserted that the act was "the result of a deep seated sentiment on the part of a huge majority of the people of this country that this Dominion shall be what is often called a 'white' New Zealand."[64]
One case of a well known opponent of non-European immigration to New Zealand is that of white supremacist Lionel Terry who, after traveling widely to South Africa, British Columbia and finally New Zealand and publishing a book highly critical of capitalism and Asian immigration, shot and killed an elderly Chinese immigrant in Wellington. Terry was convicted of murder in 1905 and sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to life incarceration in New Zealand psychiatric institutions.[citation needed]
A Department of External Affairs memorandum in 1953 stated: "Our immigration is based firmly on the principle that we are and intend to remain a country of European development. It is inevitably discriminatory against Asians—indeed against all persons who are not wholly of European race and colour. Whereas we have done much to encourage immigration from Europe, we do everything to discourage it from Asia."[65]
Paraguay
In Paraguay, the New Australian Movement founded New Australia, a utopian socialist settlement in 1893. Its founder, William Lane, intended the settlement to be based on a "common-hold" instead of a commonwealth, life marriage, teetotalism, communism and a brotherhood of Anglophone white people and the preservation of the "colour-line". The colony was officially founded as Colonia Nueva Australia and comprised 238 adults and children.[66]
In July 1893, the first ship left Sydney, Australia for Paraguay, where the government was keen to get white settlers, and had offered the group a large area of good land. The settlement had been described as a refuge for misfits, failures and malcontents of the left wing of Australian democracy.
Due to poor management and a conflict over the prohibition of alcohol, the government of Paraguay eventually dissolved New Australia as a cooperative. Some colonists founded communes elsewhere in Paraguay but others returned to Australia or moved to England. As of 2008[update], around 2,000 descendants of the New Australia colonists still lived in Paraguay.[68][69]
South Africa
In South Africa, white nationalism was championed by the National Party starting in 1914, when it was established as a political party to represent Afrikaners after the Second Boer War by J. B. M. Hertzog in 1914.[70][71][72] It articulated a policy promoting white "civilised labour" above African "swart gevaar," and some radical nationalist movements such as the Afrikaner Broederbond, D. F. Malan's Purified National Party, and Oswald Pirow's New Order openly sympathized with Nazi Germany. In 1948, the Reunited National Party under Malan won the South African general election against the more moderate United Party and implemented the segregationist social system known as apartheid.[73]
The
During the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, the government implemented a policy of "resettlement", to force people to move to their designated "group areas". Millions of people were forced to relocate during this period. These removals included people relocated due to slum clearance programs, labour tenants on White-owned farms, the inhabitants of the so-called "black spots", areas of Black owned land surrounded by White farms, the families of workers living in townships close to the homelands, and "surplus people" from urban areas, including thousands of people from the Western Cape (which was declared a "Coloured Labour Preference Area")[74] who were moved to the Transkei and Ciskei homelands. The best-publicised forced removals of the 1950s occurred in Johannesburg, when 60,000 people were moved to the new township of Soweto, an abbreviation for South Western Townships.[75][76]
Until 1955, Sophiatown had been one of the few urban areas where Blacks were allowed to own land, and was slowly developing into a multiracial slum. As industry in Johannesburg grew, Sophiatown became the home of a rapidly expanding black workforce, as it was convenient and close to town. It could also boast the only swimming pool for Black children in Johannesburg.[77] As one of the oldest black settlements in Johannesburg, Sophiatown held an almost symbolic importance for the 50,000 Blacks it contained, both in terms of its sheer vibrancy and its unique culture.[tone] Despite a vigorous African National Congress protest campaign and worldwide publicity, the removal of Sophiatown began on 9 February 1955 under the Western Areas Removal Scheme. In the early hours, heavily armed police entered Sophiatown to force residents out of their homes and load their belongings onto government trucks. The residents were taken to a large tract of land, thirteen miles (19 km) from the city center, known as Meadowlands (that the government had purchased in 1953). Meadowlands became part of a new planned Black city called Soweto. The Sophiatown slum was destroyed by bulldozers, and a new White suburb named Triomf (Triumph) was built in its place. This pattern of forced removal and destruction was to repeat itself over the next few years, and was not limited to people of African descent. Forced removals from areas like Cato Manor (Mkhumbane) in Durban, and District Six in Cape Town, where 55,000 coloured and Indian people were forced to move to new townships on the Cape Flats, were carried out under the Group Areas Act 1950. Ultimately, nearly 600,000 coloured, Indian and Chinese people were moved in terms of the Group Areas Act. Some 40,000 White people were also forced to move when land was transferred from "White South Africa" into the Black homelands.[citation needed]
Before South Africa became a republic, politics among white South Africans was typified by the division between the chiefly
The
United States
The Naturalization Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 103) provided the first rules to be followed by the United States government in granting national citizenship. This law limited naturalization to immigrants who were "free white persons" of "good moral character." In 1856, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision that free blacks descended from slaves could not hold United States citizenship even if they had been born in the country.[85] Major changes to this racial requirement for US citizenship did not occur until the years following the American Civil War. In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed to grant birthright citizenship to black people born in the US, but it specifically excluded untaxed Indians, because they were separate nations. However, citizenship for other non-whites born in the US was not settled until 1898 with United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649, which concluded with an important precedent in its interpretation of the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This racial definition of American citizenship has had consequences for perceptions of American identity.[86]
Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, racial definitions of the American nation were still common, resulting in race-specific immigration restrictions, such as the
During the controversy surrounding the All of Mexico Movement, Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina stated "We have never dreamt of incorporating into our Union any but the Caucasian race—the free white race ... Ours, sir, is the Government of a white race."
Following the defeat of the
The second KKK was founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1915 and, starting in 1921, it adopted a modern business system of recruiting. The organization grew rapidly nationwide at a time of prosperity. Reflecting the social tensions of urban industrialization and vastly increased immigration, its membership grew most rapidly in cities and spread out of the South to the Midwest and West. The second KKK called for strict morality and better enforcement of prohibition. Its rhetoric promoted anti-Catholicism and nativism.[88] Some local groups took part in attacks on private houses and carried out other violent activities. The violent episodes were generally in the South.[89]
The second KKK was a formal fraternal organization, with a national and state structure. At its peak in the mid-1920s, the organization claimed to include about 15% of the nation's eligible population, approximately 4 to 5 million men. Internal divisions, criminal behavior by leaders, and external opposition brought about a collapse in membership, which had dropped to about 30,000 by 1930. It faded away in the 1940s.[90]
Starting in the 1960s, white nationalism grew in the US as the conservative movement developed in mainstream society.[91] Samuel P. Huntington argues that it developed as a reaction to a perceived decline in the essence of American identity as European, Anglo-Protestant and English-speaking.[92] The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 had opened entry to the US to immigrants other than traditional Northern European and Germanic groups, and as a result it would significantly, and unintentionally, alter the demographic mix in the US.[93]
The slogan "white power" was popularized by American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell, who used the term in a debate with Stokely Carmichael of the Black Panther Party after Carmichael issued a call for "black power".[94] Rockwell advocated a return to white control of all American institutions, and violently opposed any minority advancement. He rejected the Nazi idea of "master race", however, and accepted all white European nationalities in his ideology, including Turks.[95]
One influential white nationalist in the United States was William Luther Pierce, who founded the National Alliance in 1974.[96]
In the United States a movement calling for
During the 1980s the United States also saw an increase in the number of
Included under the same umbrella by Goodrick-Clarke are movements ranging from
In the 2010s, the
North Idaho state
In 2019, the Democratic-controlled U.S. House of Representatives passed an amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 to study whether it would be possible to screen military enlistees for "white nationalist" beliefs. However, the Republican-controlled U.S. Senate eliminated those words before passing the bill, expanding the wording to "extremist and gang-related activity", rather than specifically referencing white nationalism.[106]
In 2020, it was reported that white nationalist groups leaving flyers, stickers, banners and posters in public places more than doubled from 1,214 in 2018 to 2,713 in 2019.[107][108][109]
In a July 2021 Morning Consult Poll found that among Republican-leaning male voters, 23 percent responded that they have a favorable view of white nationalist groups. Eleven percent of Republican men surveyed said they have a "very favorable" view while 12 percent said they are only "somewhat", With Democrat men it was 17 percent who said they have some form of "favorable" view of white nationalist groups.[110]
Also in 2021 a poll found that in the state of Oregon. Nearly four in 10 Oregonians strongly or somewhat agree with statements that reflect core arguments of white nationalism. In 2018, 31 percent believed that America had to protect or preserve its White European heritage, while in 2021 it went up to 40 percent.[111]
Relationships with black separatist groups
In February 1962 George Lincoln Rockwell, the leader of the American Nazi Party, spoke at a Nation of Islam (NOI) rally in Chicago, where he was applauded by Elijah Muhammad as he pronounced: "I am proud to stand here before black men. I believe Elijah Muhammed is the Adolf Hitler of the black man!"[112] Rockwell had attended, but did not speak at, an earlier NOI rally in Washington, D.C., in June 1961,[113] and once, he even donated $20 to the NOI.[114] In 1965, after breaking with the Nation of Islam and denouncing its separatist doctrine, Malcolm X told his followers that the Nation of Islam under Elijah Muhammad had made secret agreements with the American Nazi Party and the Ku Klux Klan.[113]
Rockwell and other white supremacists (e.g. Willis Carto) also supported less well-known black separatist groups, such as Hassan Jeru-Ahmed's Blackman's Army of Liberation, in reference to which Rockwell told Los Angeles Times reporter Michael Drosnin in 1967 that if "Any Negro wants to go back to Africa, I'll carry him piggy-back."[115]
2016 Trump presidential campaign
From the outset of his campaign, Donald Trump was endorsed by various white nationalist and white supremacist movements and leaders.[117][118] On 24 February 2016, David Duke, a former Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon, expressed vocal support for Trump's campaign on his radio show.[119][120][121][122] Shortly thereafter in an interview with Jake Tapper, Trump repeatedly claimed to be ignorant of Duke and his support. Republican presidential rivals were quick to respond on his wavering, and Senator Marco Rubio stated the Duke endorsement made Trump unelectable.[123] Others questioned his professed ignorance of Duke by pointing out that in 2000, Trump called him a "Klansman".[124][125] Trump later blamed the incident on a poor earpiece he was given by CNN. Later the same day Trump stated that he had previously disavowed Duke in a tweet posted with a video on his Twitter account.[126] On 3 March 2016, Trump stated: "David Duke is a bad person, who I disavowed on numerous occasions over the years. I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK."[127]
On 22 July 2016 (the day after Trump's nomination), Duke announced that he will be a candidate for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate election in Louisiana. He commented, "I'm overjoyed to see Donald Trump and most Americans embrace most of the issues that I've championed for years." A spokesperson for the Trump campaign said Trump "has disavowed David Duke and will continue to do so."[128]
On 25 August 2016,
The Southern Poverty Law Center monitored Trump's campaign throughout the election and noted several instances where Trump and lower-level surrogates either used white nationalist rhetoric or engaged with figures in the white nationalist movement.[136]
Criticism
Numerous individuals and organizations have argued that ideas such as white pride and white nationalism exist merely to provide a sanitized public face for white supremacy. Kofi Buenor Hadjor argues that black nationalism is a response to racial discrimination, while white nationalism is the expression of white supremacy.[137] Other critics have described white nationalism as a "... somewhat paranoid ideology" based upon the publication of pseudo-academic studies.[138]
Some critics argue that white nationalists—while posturing as
Notable organizations
White nationalist movements have achieved prominence around the world. Several have achieved representation in the governments of their country, and three have led governments:
- South African National Party during most of the 20th century
- Rhodesian Front from 1965 to 1979
- German Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945
Other notable organisations are:
- Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
- American Freedom Party
- American Front
- American Renaissance
- Aryan Guard
- Aryan Nations
- Australia First Party
- Australian Protectionist Party
- Antipodean Resistance (Australia)
- Atomwaffen Division
- Black Legion (political movement)
- British National Party
- British People's Party
- Canadian Heritage Alliance
- Council of Conservative Citizens[145]
- Creativity Alliance
- Creativity Movement
- Dutch People's Union
- European-American Unity and Rights Organization (EURO)
- German American Bund
- Golden Dawn(former parliamentary representation)
- Hammerskins
- Heathen Front
- Homeland Party (Britain)
- Identity Evropa
- Ku Klux Klan
- League of the South
- Les Identitaires/Generation Identity
- The III. Path
- National Alliance (United States)[146]
- National Democratic Party of Germany
- National Front (UK)
- National Policy Institute
- National Rebirth of Poland
- National Socialist League
- National Socialist Movement (disambiguation)
- National Vanguard
- Nationalist Alliance
- Nationalist Front
- Nationalist Party of Canada
- Nordic Resistance Movement
- Patriotic Alternative
- Patriotic Youth League
- Patriot Front
- Russian Imperial Movement[147]
- Russian National Unity[148]
- Silver Legion of America
- Socialist Reich Party (former parliamentary representation)
- Traditionalist Workers Party
- The Order/Bruder Schweigen
- Vanguard America
- Vigrid
- Volksfront
- White Aryan Resistance
- White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)
- White Nationalist Party
Notable individuals
- Andrew Auernheimer
- Andrew Anglin
- Richard Girnt Butler
- Theodore G. Bilbo
- Don Black
- Peter Brimelow
- Thomas W. Chittum
- Craig Cobb
- Harold Covington
- Ian Stuart Donaldson
- Aleksandr Dugin
- David Duke
- Paul Fromm (white supremacist)
- Nick Fuentes
- Matthew F. Hale
- Matthew Heimbach
- Hinton Rowan Helper
- Adolf Hitler
- Andrew Jackson
- Andrew Johnson
- William Daniel Johnson
- James Keegstra
- Ben Klassen
- August Kreis III
- Kris Kobach
- Alex Linder
- Lana Lokteff
- Kevin Macdonald
- Tom Metzger
- Nikolaos Michaloliakos
- Merlin Miller
- Revilo P. Oliver
- William Dudley Pelley
- William Luther Pierce
- Thomas Robb
- George Lincoln Rockwell
- Jeff Schoep
- Saga
- Richard B. Spencer
- Gerald L. K. Smith
- J. B. Stoner
- Kevin Alfred Strom
- Kenny Smith
- Tomislav Sunić
- Wesley A. Swift
- Jared Taylor
- Eugène Terre'Blanche
- Hal Turner
- John Tyndall
- George Wallace
- Hendrik Verwoerd
- Varg Vikernes
- James Wickstrom
- Woodrow Wilson
Notable media
- American Renaissance
- Candour
- The Daily Stormer
- Info-14
- Metapedia
- National Vanguard
- Occidental Observer
- Podblanc
- The Political Cesspool
- Redwatch
- Stormfront
- Vanguard News Network
- Gab
- Voat
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Heidi Beirich and Kevin Hicks. "Chapter 7: White nationalism in America". In Perry, Barbara. Hate Crimes. Greenwood Publishing, 2009. pp.114–115
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- ^ Heidi Beirich and Kevin Hicks. "Chapter 7: White Nationalism in America". In Perry, Barbara. Hate Crimes. Greenwood Publishing, 2009. p.119. "One of the primary political goals of white nationalism is to forge a white identity".
- ^ a b c d "White Nationalism, Explained". The New York Times. 21 November 2016. "White nationalism, he said, is the belief that national identity should be built around white ethnicity, and that white people should therefore maintain both a demographic majority and dominance of the nation’s culture and public life. ... white nationalism is about maintaining political and economic dominance, not just a numerical majority or cultural hegemony".
- . In this paper, nationalism is termed "identity content" and patriotism "relational orientation".
- ^ a b c d FBI Counterterrorism Division (13 December 2006). State of domestic white nationalist extremist movement in the United States. FBI Intelligence Assessment. p. 4.
- ^ a b Romm, Tony; Dwoskin, Elizabeth (27 March 2019). "Facebook says it will now block white-nationalist, white-separatist posts". The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
Civil rights groups applauded the move. 'There is no defensible distinction that can be drawn between white supremacy, white nationalism or white separatism in society today,' Kristen Clarke, president and executive director of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, said Wednesday in a statement.
- ^ a b c d Perlman, Merrill (14 August 2017). "The key difference between 'nationalists' and 'supremacists'". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
- ^ a b Daniszewski, John. "How to describe extremists who rallied in Charlottesville". Associated Press. 15 August 2017.
- ^ "White Nationalist". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
- ^ a b Sterling, Joe. "White nationalism, a term once on the fringes, now front and center". CNN.
- ^ Loftis, Susanne (11 April 2003). "Interviews offer unprecedented look into the world and words of the new white nationalism". Vanderbilt News. Vanderbilt University.
- ^ Zeskind, Leonard (November 2005). "The New Nativism: The alarming overlap between white nationalists and mainstream anti-immigrant forces". The American Prospect. 16 (11).
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- ^ "white nationalist – noun". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
- ^ "Trending: Nationalists, Of The 'White' And 'Supremacist' Variety". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ "white nationalism". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
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- ^ Calwell, Be Just and Fear Not, 117
- ^ "Chinese Immigration Act 1885, c. 71". asian.ca. Asian Canadian – Law Centre. 20 July 1855.
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- ^ Vancouver News-Advertiser, 7 September 1907.
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- ^ Rudolf von Sebottendorff, Bevor Hitler kam, 1933, p. 42 (original: "Blutbekenntnis": "Unterzeichner versichert nach bestem Wissen und Gewissen, daß in seinen und seiner Frau Adern kein jüdisches oder farbiges Blut fließe und daß sich unter den Vorfahren auch keine Angehörigen der farbigen Rassen befinden.")
- ^ "Die nächsten Jahrzehnte bedeuten nicht etwa irgendeine Auseinandersetzung außenpolitischer Art, die Deutschland bestehen kann oder nicht bestehen kann, sondern ... sie bedeuten das Sein oder Nichtsein des weißen Menschen, ...", Sammelheft ausgewählter Vorträge und Reden (Collection of chosen Talks and Speeches), Franz Eher Nachfolger (main Nazi publishing house), Berlin, 1939, p. 145, "Wesen und Aufgabe der SS und der Polizei, 1937" (Nature and Purpose of the SS and the Police, 1937).
- ^ "Trotzdem aber bleibt bestehen, daß wir alle unter dem gleichen Schicksal Europas stehen, und daß wir dieses gemeinsame Schicksal als Verpflichtung empfinden müssen, weil am Ende die Existenz des weißen Menschen überhaupt von dieser Einheit des europäischen Kontinents abhängt." Feier anläßlich des 450. Geburtstages von Hutten, 29 May 1938
- ^ Hate Crimes, volume 2 Barbara Perry, p. 110
- ^ Revisiting the National Socialist Legacy: Coming to Terms With Forced Labor, Expropriation, Compensation, and Restitution p. 84 Oliver Rathkolb
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Then there's the white supremacist group known as the Russian Imperial Movement, or RIM, which the State Department designated a terrorist organization in 2020 (an effort led by one of the authors here, Nathan Sales). With the Kremlin's tacit approval, the group operates paramilitary camps near St. Petersburg in which neo-Nazis and white supremacists from across Europe are trained in terrorist tactics.
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External links
- Media related to White nationalism at Wikimedia Commons