Who's That Girl (soundtrack)

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Who's That Girl:
Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Warner Bros.
Producer
Madonna chronology
True Blue
(1986) 		Who's That Girl:
Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(1987) 		You Can Dance
(1987)
Singles from Who's That Girl
  1. "Who's That Girl"
    Released: June 23, 1987
  2. "Causing a Commotion"
    Released: August 25, 1987
  3. "The Look of Love"
    Released: November 25, 1987

Who's That Girl is the first soundtrack album by American singer and songwriter Madonna. It was released on July 21, 1987, by Sire Records to promote the film of the same name. It also contains songs by her label mates Scritti Politti, Duncan Faure, Club Nouveau, Coati Mundi and Michael Davidson. The soundtrack is credited as a Madonna album, despite her only performing four of the nine tracks on the album. After the commercial success of the film Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), in which she co-starred, Madonna wanted to act in another comedy film titled Slammer, about a woman named Nikki Finn who was falsely accused of homicide. However, due to the critical and commercial failure of her adventure film Shanghai Surprise (1986), Warner Bros. was initially reluctant to greenlight the project but later agreed.

Madonna began working on the soundtrack in December 1986, and contacted Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray, who had worked as producers on her third studio album True Blue (1986). She felt that an uptempo song and a downtempo song were needed for the album. Leonard composed the music for the uptempo song, with Madonna providing the melody and lyrics. The singer named the track "Who's That Girl" and, believing this to be a better title than Slammer, changed the name of the film to the same. Together, Madonna and Leonard also developed the downtempo ballad "The Look of Love". Two more songs were composed for the film with Bray, the first being the dance track "Causing a Commotion", and the other being "Can't Stop", a track inspired by Sixties Motown and the group Martha and the Vandellas.

After its release, the Who's That Girl soundtrack received a mostly negative response from critics. Some reviews described the album as plain and incomplete, although the title track and "The Look of Love" were praised as its highlights. The soundtrack was a commercial success, reaching the top ten of the album charts of the United States, Austria, Canada, France, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, while topping the charts of Argentina, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and the European Album chart. The album went on to sell 6 million copies worldwide.

Three of the Madonna tracks were released as singles. The title track became her sixth number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100, making her the first artist to accumulate six number one singles in the 1980s and the first female performer to get that many number ones as a solo act. "Causing a Commotion" was released as the second single and reached number two on the Hot 100. "The Look of Love" was a European market only release, reaching the top ten in the United Kingdom. Another track, "Turn It Up," was a promotional release in the United States, reaching number 15 on the dance charts. Who's That Girl received a further promotion from the successful Who's That Girl World Tour.

Background

The 1985 comedy film Desperately Seeking Susan, in which Madonna co-starred, was a commercial success, prompting her to take further interest in acting.[1] For her next screen project, she picked another comedy film initially titled Slammer, but later named Who's That Girl.[2] Madonna played the character of Nikki Finn, a young woman accused of homicide who insisted that she was innocent. Released on parole, she was determined to clear her name. Along with a character named Loudon Trott (played by Griffin Dunne), she gets caught up in 36 hours of high adventure, culminating in a scene where Nikki interrupts a wedding to reveal the identity of the real murderer.[1] Regarding the character Nikki, Madonna commented,

"I had a lot in common with Nikki. She's courageous and sweet and funny and misjudged. But she clears her name in the end, and that's always good to do. I'm continuously doing that with the public. I liked Nikki's tough side and her sweet side. The toughness is only a mask for the vulnerability she feels."[1]

However, in the light of the bad publicity surrounding Madonna and her then-husband Sean Penn, coupled with the fact that their comedy film Shanghai Surprise had failed commercially, she had to fight hard to persuade Warner Bros. to greenlight the project.[2] She also wanted her close friend James Foley to direct the film, proclaiming him to be a "genius". Foley had previously directed the music videos of her songs "Live to Tell", "Papa Don't Preach" and "True Blue".[2]

Development

"I had some very specific ideas in mind, music that would stand on its own as well as support and enhance what was happening on screen, and the only way to make that a reality was to have a hand in writing the tunes myself... [The] songs aren't necessarily about Nikki or written to be sung by someone like her, but there's a spirit to this music that captures both what the film and the character are about, I think."

—Madonna talking about the music of the film.[3]

Having some specific ideas in her mind about the music of the film, Madonna contacted Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray, who had helped to write and produce her third studio album True Blue in 1986.[3] Madonna explained to them that she needed an uptempo song and a downtempo song.[3] Madonna came to the recording studio one Thursday, and Leonard handed her a cassette of a recording of the chorus, which he had just finished working on. Madonna went to the backroom and completed the melody and the lyrics of the song, while Leonard worked on the other parts of it.[3] After finishing the lyrics, Madonna decided to name the song "Who's That Girl", and changed the title of Slammer to the same, considering it to be a better name. In Fred Bronson's book The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, Leonard explained that the song was recorded in one day with Madonna recording her vocals only once. Additional guitar and percussion tracks were added later.[3]

The downtempo song was developed on the following day, with Madonna writing the lyrics and Leonard composing the melody.

James Stewart gave actress Grace Kelly in the 1954 film Rear Window. Madonna said: "I can't describe it, but that is the way I want someone to look at me when he loves me. It's the purest look of love and adoration. Like surrender. It's devastating."[4] After "The Look of Love", Madonna went on to develop two further songs with Bray as the producer. The first was called "Causing a Commotion", and was inspired by Penn and the couple's often tumultuous relationship. Madonna felt that her marriage to Penn was on the verge of breaking up, due to Penn's abusive and violent nature.[5] In a Rolling Stone article dated September 10, 1987, Madonna spoke about Penn's impact on her life and the song: "I don't like violence. I never condone hitting anyone, and I never thought that any violence should have taken place. But on the other hand, I understood Sean's anger, and believe me, I have wanted to hit him many times. I never would you know, because I realize that it would just make things worse. [...] I felt like he was 'Causing a Commotion' to purposefully distract me. I wrote this song and vented my frustration in it."[6]

Composition

"Who's That Girl"
A sample to Madonna's "Who's That Girl", where the lyrics for the
chorus
include Spanish words.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The title track is composed in Madonna's typical style—mixing a

verse flow together in a coherent manner, with the chorus incorporating a haunting effect.[7] The song epitomized Madonna's interest in Hispanic culture that continued after the release of her 1987 single "La Isla Bonita". Leonard and Madonna had added Spanish phrases in the chorus, over the trumpets of the second verse, and also in the added instrumental break in the middle.[7] "Who's That Girl" also makes use of the sonic effect brought about by the combination of multiple vocal lines, which had been previously used by groups like The Beach Boys in their singles "God Only Knows" (1966) and "I Get Around" (1964) as well as R.E.M.'s singles "Fall on Me" (1986) and "Near Wild Heaven" (1991).[7] "Who's That Girl" employs this effect on the last chorus where three or four different vocal hooks are intertwined.[7]

The second track "Causing a Commotion" has a danceable, up-tempo

Walt Disney Music Company, the song is set in the time signature of common time with a tempo of 192 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of B♭ major with Madonna's voice spanning from the high-note of C3 to B5. The song has a basic sequence of B♭–Fm7–B♭–F9–B♭6 as its chord progression.[9]

"The Look of Love" starts off with a low

minor ninth chord, dissociating it from the harmony of the other notes.[8] The song is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 80 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of D minor, with Madonna's voice spanning the notes C5 to B♭3. "The Look of Love" has a basic sequence of C–Dm–Fm–B as its chord progression.[10]

"Can't Stop" has a high pitched keyboard sound embedded in between the sound of a drum machine and clarinet. The lyrics essentially refer to the idea that "I want my man and I am going to get him whatever".[8] Rooksby noticed that the instrumental break in the song repeats the chorus, with a synth line added on the top. He felt that "Can't Stop", at 4:45 length, was a good example of the division of Madonna's songs between dance music—where the length is important—and the requirement of classic pop songs, which can vary from two minutes to four minutes.[1] J. Randy Taraborrelli, in his book Madonna: An Intimate Biography, described Faure's song "24 Hours" as a slow track that fails to build up momentum.[11] Joe Brown from The Washington Post described Davidson's "Turn it Up" as consisting of a slow background synth, that transforms into a rapidly progressing beat, with Davidson's singing reminiscent of the Beastie Boys.[12]

Promotion

Tour

Main article: Who's That Girl World Tour

Madonna performed "Who's That Girl", "Causing a Commotion," and "The Look of Love" on her 1987 Who's That Girl World Tour. It was her second concert tour, promoting True Blue and the soundtrack.[11] Madonna trained herself physically with aerobics, jogging and weight-lifting, to cope with the choreography and the dance routines. For the costumes, she collaborated with designer Marlene Stewart, expanding on the idea of bringing her music video characters to life on stage.[13] The stage was huge, with four video screens, multimedia projectors and a flight of stairs in the middle. Leonard became the music director and encouraged Madonna to go with the idea of rearranging her older songs and presenting them in a new format.[14]

The show consisted of seven costume changes, with song-and-dance routines with an

Break Every Rule Tour.[11][21]

Singles

Madonna wearing a magenta jacket and black pants singing to a microphone held in her right hand
Madonna performing the soundtrack's title track during the Who's That Girl World Tour

"

1988 Grammy Awards and "Best Original Song" at the 1988 Golden Globe Awards.[31]

The album's second single, "

Hot Dance Club Play chart.[36]

The third song released from the album was the European single, "

UK Singles Chart at number 15.[37] The next week, it reached a peak of nine on the chart, her first single to miss the top five since "Lucky Star" (1984).[38] "Turn It Up" was released as a single[39] prior to its inclusion in the album in 1987.[40] Described by Joe Brown of The Washington Post as "gratingly banal" and its singer as "one of Madonna's photogenic protegés",[12] the song was a success on the Dance Club charts of Billboard, peaking at number 15.[41]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
The Virgin Encyclopedia of Nineties Music
[45]

The soundtrack album was not well received by music critics, some of whom went on comment that the title track is the record's highlight.

Allmusic that "In the strictest sense [the record] isn't a Madonna album — it's a soundtrack album", adding that it features "competent but uninspiring dance-pop by [various artists]".[32] David Denby from New York magazine commented that "there's nothing absolutely wrong with the soundtrack. But it's just that it has the misfortune of being associated with such an unfortunate movie, that the album actually does not hold up to you well." He added that "The Look of Love" was a hidden gem in Madonna's catalogue.[50] Don Shewey from Rolling Stone commented that "although essentially a Madonna album, the soundtrack does not boast a truly memorable song, rather there is the inclusion of the failed Warner artist songs, like the Coati Mundi song 'El Coco Loco' and Duncan Faure's uncannily Beatles-esque '24 Hours'. For most buyers though this album is the new Madonna album."[44]

The Advocate gave a positive review, saying that "Who's That Girl will be the soundtrack album of the summer."[55] Stephen Holden from The New York Times gave an equally positive review, saying that the "soundtrack album is full of engaging pop fluff. One of the hottest singles of the year, Madonna's bilingual title song has the buoyant bounce of an acrobat doing somersaults on a trampoline. 'The Look of Love' is as memorable a ballad as [Madonna's 1986 single] 'Live to Tell', and '24 Hours', sung by Duncan Faure, skillfully fuses Beatles-styled vocals with 80's synthesizer-pop underpinnings."[56] Daniel Brogan from Chicago Tribune said that "since this soundtrack isn't really a Madonna album, this is no surprise that it appears as incomplete."[57]

Commercial performance

After its release, the album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number forty-six on August 15, 1987, the same week that the title song "Who's That Girl" reached the top of the Billboard Hot 100.[23][58] In the week ending September 12, 1987, the record reached its peak position at number seven.[59] It remained on the chart for twenty-eight weeks,[59] and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of one million copies across the United States.[60] In Canada, the album debuted at eighty-five on the RPM Albums Chart, on August 1, 1987.[61] After seven weeks, the soundtrack climbed to its peak of four on the chart.[62] The soundtrack was placed at position thirty-seven, on the RPM Top 100 Albums for 1987 chart and was present on the chart for thirty weeks.[63][64]

In the United Kingdom, the album debuted and peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart on August 1, 1987, becoming the highest debut of the week.[65] It fell out one place the next week, where it stayed for other three weeks.[66] Who's That Girl was present on the chart for twenty-five weeks and ended as the most popular original soundtrack album of 1987 in the country.[67][68] The soundtrack was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments of 300,000 copies across the United Kingdom.[69] The album was less successful in Australia, where it debuted and peaked at number twenty-four. It entered the New Zealand Album chart at twelve on September 6, 1987.[70] After two weeks, the album reached its peak at number six.[71] In Austria, Who's That Girl became the best selling debut of the week, charting at number seven, on August 15, 1987,[72] ultimately reaching number five.[71] By August 1, 1987 Who's That Girl sold 140,000 albums and 65,000 singles in Italy in few weeks.[73] In Spain, the soundtrack was released in August and reached sales of 57,049 units by November of the same year.[74] It was later certified with platinum from PROMUSICAE for shipments of 100,000 copies.[75] In Germany, Who's That Girl debuted at the top of the charts, remaining there for two weeks and earning a gold certification from BVMI.[76][77] The album also reached the top of the charts on the European Top 100 Albums chart.[78] Who's That Girl also reached the top-ten of the charts in France, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.[71][79]

Recognition

Cash Box editor Kerry Day ranked Who's That Girl as the second-best album of 1987.[80] In the Encyclopedia of World Biography (1998), authors explained that in this era, unlike the movie, both the soundtrack and its accompanied tour achieved commercial success.[81] In 1989, Orlando Sentinel discussed successful movie soundtracks from 1930s to that point, where Who's That Girl was included among the examples, highlighting Madonna's participation of four singles.[82] In a report from British Phonographic Industry, according to Nigle Hunter from Billboard, the release was called an "easy winner as the most popular original soundtrack album in 1987" on pair with Dirty Dancing.[67] Hunter lumped both records among the "new trend for soundtrack albums of mixing new, specially recorded material with older hits".[67]

Track listing

Who's That Girl track listing
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Who's That Girl" (performed by Madonna)
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
3:58
2."Causing a Commotion" (performed by Madonna)
  • Madonna
  • Bray
4:20
3."The Look of Love" (performed by Madonna)
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
  • Madonna
  • Leonard
4:03
4."24 Hours" (performed by Duncan Faure)
  • Mary Kessler
  • Joey Wilson
Bray3:38
5."Step by Step" (performed by Club Nouveau)
  • Jay King
  • Denzil Foster
  • Thomas McElroy
  • David Agent
  • King
  • Foster
  • McElroy
  • Agent
4:43
6."Turn It Up" (performed by Michael Davidson)
  • Davidson
  • Frederic Mercier
Stock, Aitken & Waterman3:56
7."Best Thing Ever" (performed by Scritti Politti)
  • Gartside
  • Gamson
  • John "Tokes" Potoker
3:51
8."Can't Stop" (performed by Madonna)
  • Madonna
  • Bray
  • Madonna
  • Bray
4:45
9."El Coco Loco (So So Bad)" (performed by Coati Mundi)Coati Mundi HernandezHubert Eaves III6:22
Total length:39:48

Personnel

Charts

Certifications and sales

‹See Tfd›‹See Tfd›
Certifications and sales for Who's That Girl
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Brazil — 250,000[110]
Canada — 160,000[111]
France (
SNEP)[112]
 2× Platinum 600,000*
Germany (BVMI)[77] Gold 250,000^
Hong Kong (IFPI Hong Kong)[113] Platinum 20,000*
Israel — 15,000[114]
Italy (AFI)[115] 2× Platinum 450,000[116]
Japan — 111,350[117]
Netherlands (NVPI)[118] Gold 50,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[119] Gold 7,500^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[75] Platinum 100,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[115] Gold 25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[69] Platinum 300,000^
United States (RIAA)[60] Platinum 1,000,000^
Summaries
Worldwide — 6,000,000[120]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Rooksby 2004, p. 67
  2. ^ a b c Morton 2002, p. 190
  3. ^ a b c d e f Bronson 2003, p. 674
  4. ^ a b Michael 2004, p. 57
  5. ^ Feldman 2000, p. 211
  6. ISSN 0035-791X
    .
  7. ^ a b c d e Rooksby 2004, p. 68
  8. ^ a b c d e Rooksby 2004, p. 69
  9. ^ "Digital Sheet Music – Madonna Ciccone – Causing a Commotion". Musicnotes.com.
  10. Warner Bros. Records
    .
  11. ^ a b c d Taraborrelli 2002, p. 125
  12. ^ a b Brown, Joe (September 2, 1987). "The Miami Movement; Three New Albums With Salsa's Strong Flavors". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 17, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  13. ^ Clerk 2002, p. 66
  14. ^ Farley, Chris (August 5, 1987). "Madonna's Moves Are The Stuff Of Shabba-Doo". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 14, 2013. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  15. ^ Voller 1999, p. 29
  16. ^ Guilbert 2002, p. 78
  17. ^ Ayers, Ann (July 3, 1987). "Dressing Up A Material Girl". USA Today. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
  18. ^ Goddard, Peter (July 3, 1987). "Who's That Girl? Madonna-mia!". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  19. ^ Zamost, Scott A; Snead, Elizabeth (July 2, 1987). "New Madonna Tour Sets Racy Tone". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  20. ^ Bassets, Luis (August 31, 1987). "Madonna convocó en París a 130.000 personas". El País (in French). Madrid: Ediciones El Pais S.L. Archived from the original on March 11, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2009.
  21. ^ Bego 2000, p. 190
  22. ^ "Billboard – Artist Chart History – Madonna". Billboard. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  23. ^ a b DeKnock, Jan (August 22, 1987). "Madonna Soars to Top of the Charts for the Sixth Time". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
  24. ^ "Official Charts Company – Madonna – Who's That Girl". The Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  25. ^ "Top Singles – Volume 46, No. 21, August 29, 1987". RPM. RPM Library Archives. August 29, 1987. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
  26. ^ "De Nederlandse Top 40 – week 31". Dutch Top 40 (in Dutch). Radio 538. 1987. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
  27. ^ "The Irish Charts – All there is to know". Irish Recorded Music Association. July 9, 1987. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2009.
  28. VRT Top 30. Archived from the original
    on April 9, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  29. ^ Canby, Vincent (August 23, 1987). "Film View; In Search of Madonna's Persona". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  30. ^ Morton 2002, p. 199
  31. ^ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 301
  32. ^ a b c d Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Who's That Girl > Review". AllMusic. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  33. ^ "Madonna – Causing a Commotion (Song)". Ultratop 50. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  34. ^ "Singles Chart For Week up to 19/09/1987". Official Charts Company. September 19, 1987. Archived from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  35. ^ "The Billboard Hot 100: Week Ending October 24, 1987". Billboard. October 24, 1987. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  36. ^ "Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs: Week Ending October 31, 1987". Billboard. October 24, 1987. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
  37. ^ "Singles Chart For Week up to 12/12/1987". Official Charts Company. December 12, 1987. Archived from the original on November 27, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  38. ^ "Singles Chart For Week up to 12/19/1987". Official Charts Company. December 19, 1987. Archived from the original on February 15, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
  39. ^ Davidson, Michael (1987). "Turn It Up" (Media notes). Sire. 928 219-7.
  40. ISBN 978-0-7868-8154-3
    .
  41. ^ "Who's That Girl > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". AllMusic. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  42. ^ a b Christgau, Robert. "Consumer Guide: Who's That Girl". Robert Chritsgau Official Website. Archived from the original on March 12, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  43. ^ a b Farber, Jim (July 20, 2001). "Madonna's discography". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  44. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7868-8154-3. Archived
    from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  45. ISBN 9780753504277
    . Retrieved August 27, 2022 – via Archive.org.
  46. ^ Robischon, Noah (July 20, 2001). "Dating Madonna". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 21, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  47. About.com. Archived
    from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  48. ^ Cross 2007, p. 90
  49. ^ Metz & Benson 1999, p. 45
  50. ISSN 0028-7369
    .
  51. Pittsburgh Press
    .
  52. ^ Boyar, Jay (August 10, 1987). "Luckily For Her, Madonna Can Sing". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  53. The Miami Herald. Archived
    from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
  54. ^ McLeese, Don (July 12, 1987). "Who Is This Girl". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  55. The Advocate. Here Media Inc. Archived
    from the original on June 9, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  56. ^ Holden, Stephen (August 21, 1987). "Pop and Jazz Guide Review". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
  57. ^ Brogan, Daniel (August 7, 1987). "'Causing Commotion' Best, But 'That Girl's' Just Okay". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  58. ^ "The Billboard 200: Week Ending August 15, 1987". Billboard. August 15, 1987. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
  59. ^ a b c "Madonna Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
  60. ^ a b "American album certifications – Madonna – Who's That Girl". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  61. ^ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 46, No. 17, August 01 1987". RPM. RPM Library Archives. August 1, 1987. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  62. ^ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 46, No. 23, September 12, 1987". RPM. RPM Library Archives. September 12, 1987. Archived from the original on January 14, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  63. ^ "Top 100 Albums of '87". RPM. RPM Library Archives. December 26, 1987. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  64. ^ "Top Albums/CDs – Volume 47, No. 20, March 05 1988". RPM. RPM Library Archives. March 5, 1988. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
  65. ^ a b "Album Chart For Week Up To 01/08/1987". Official Charts Company. August 1, 1987. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  66. ^ "Album Chart For Week Up To 08/08/1987". Official Charts Company. August 8, 1987. Archived from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  67. ^ a b c Hunter, Nigel (December 3, 1988). "British Phonographic Industry Tallies '86 Stats" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 100, no. 49. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 3, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  68. ^ a b Jones, Alan (January 23, 1988). "Infact - Chartfile" (PDF). Record Mirror. p. 35. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
  69. ^ a b "British album certifications – Madonna – Who's That Girl". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  70. Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. Hung Medien. September 6, 1987. Archived
    from the original on May 22, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  71. ^ a b c d "Austriancharts.at – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  72. ^ "Austria Top 40 – Alben Top 75". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Hung Medien. August 15, 1987. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  73. ^ "Stadi affollati e giradischi vuoti?". La Stampa (in Italian). August 1, 1987. p. 7. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  74. ^ Fernández Rubio, Andrés (November 15, 1987). "El irresistible ascenso del DDD". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 5, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  75. ^
    ISBN 84-8048-639-2
    .
  76. ^
    GfK Entertainment Charts
    . Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  77. ^ a b "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Madonna; 'Who's That Girl')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  78. ^
    ISSN 0006-2510
    .
  79. ^
    Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. September 12, 1987. Archived from the original
    on June 22, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
  80. ^ Day, Kerry (December 26, 1987). "Critical Decisions" (PDF). Cash Box. p. 30. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  81. ^ Bourgoin & Byers 1998, p. 124
  82. ^ Gettleman, Patty (July 14, 1989). "From Projector To Platter, Movie Soundtracks Are Now Pop Music Staples". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
  83. ^ "Top World Charts" (PDF). Pelo (in Spanish). No. 305. 1987. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  84. ISBN 0-646-11917-6
    .
  85. ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 0871". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  86. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  87. ^ Pennanen, Timo (2021). "Sisältää hitin: 1.1.1960 – 30.6.2021" (PDF) (in Finnish). Musiikkiarkisto. pp. 156–157. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  88. ^ "Ísland (LP-plötur)". DV (in Icelandic). September 11, 1987. p. 43. Retrieved December 21, 2021 – via Timarit.is.
  89. ^ "Hits of the World: Italy" (PDF). Billboard. October 24, 1987. p. 98. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  90. ^ "Hits of the World: Japan" (PDF). Billboard. September 19, 1987. p. 74. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  91. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  92. ^ "Charts.nz – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  93. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  94. ^ "Swisscharts.com – Soundtrack / Madonna – Who's That Girl". Hung Medien. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  95. ^ "Lista prodaje 17. tjedan 2022. (18.04.2022. - 24.04.2022.)" (in Croatian). HDU. April 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  96. ^ "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2018. 27. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
  97. ^ "Official Soundtrack Albums Chart Top 50". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  98. ^ "Top lista vinila – Strana – 11/2019" (in Croatian). HDU. November 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
  99. ^ "Jahreshitparade 1987". Austriancharts.at. December 15, 1987. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  100. ^ "RPM Top 100 Albums of 1987". RPM. July 17, 2013. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  101. ^ "Dutch charts jaaroverzichten 1987". Dutchcharts.nl. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  102. ^ "EUROPEAN CHARTS OF THE YEAR 1987: ALBUMS" (PDF). Music & Media. December 26, 1987. p. 35. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
  103. ^ "Les Albums (CD) de 1987 par InfoDisc" (in French). InfoDisc.fr. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  104. GfK Entertainment (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Archived
    from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  105. ^ "VG-Lista – Topp 40 Album Sommer 1987" (in Norwegian). VG-lista. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
  106. ^ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 1987". Hitparade.ch. Archived from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  107. ^ "Top Pop Album Soundtracks 1987" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 99, no. 52. December 26, 1987. p. Y-26. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 29, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  108. ^ "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1987". Cash Box. December 26, 1987. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  109. ^ "Top Pop Album Soundtracks 1988" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 100, no. 52. December 24, 1988. p. Y-21. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  110. ^ Garcia, Sérgio (October 31, 1993). "No banco com Madonna". Jornal do Brasil (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  111. ^ "Madonna and La Bamba fire up WEA week" (PDF). RPM. 46 (19): 3. August 15, 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 24, 2021.
  112. Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique
    . Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  113. ^ "IFPIHK Gold Disc Award − 1989". IFPI Hong Kong. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  114. ^ "אלבומים ומכירות בארץ" [Albums and sales in Israel]. LaIsha (in Hebrew). August 13, 2001. p. 56. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  115. ^ a b "Gold & Platinum Awards 1987" (PDF). Music & Media. December 26, 1987. pp. 44–46. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  116. ^ "IL PERSONAGGIO". L'Espresso (in Italian). No. 17–21. 1988. p. 97. Retrieved February 18, 2021 – via Google Books. Qualche confronto ? " Who's that girl " , l'ellepi di Madonna lanciato dal film e dal tour italiano dell'estate scorsa , ha raggiunto appena le 450 mila copie
  117. ISBN 4-87131-077-9
    .
  118. ^ "Dutch album certifications – Madonna – Who's That Girl" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved July 8, 2016. Enter Who's That Girl in the "Artiest of titel" box. Select 1987 in the drop-down menu saying "Alle jaargangen".
  119. ISBN 978-1-877443-00-8
    .
  120. ^ Lavin, Will (September 24, 2019). "Madonna's first four albums to be reissued on stunning crystal clear vinyl". NME. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.

Bibliography

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Who%27s_That_Girl_(soundtrack)&oldid=1205258378"