Wikipedia:Administration
 | This is an information page. It is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Wikipedia's norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of consensus and vetting. |
 | This page in a nutshell: Both the human administrative structure, as well as its non-human components, are briefly described within this article (with appropriate links to the more exhaustive articles on each topic). |
Human and legal administration
At the top of the human and legal
Pursuant to the
Ensuring the harmonious implementation of the project's editor consensus-developed protocols governing the creation and development of all types of pages are editors elected or appointed to certain roles: i.e.,
Wikimedia Foundation
The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) owns and operates Wikipedia, along with several other collaborative, wiki-based Internet projects. The WMF organizes the raising of money, distributes grants, develops software, deploys that software, controls the servers, and does outreach to support Wikimedia projects. The WMF does not edit Wikipedia content (except for occasional office actions). Wikipedia editors handle content and internal policies.
The WMF is governed and guided by the terms of their Charter, Corporate Bylaws, Mission Statement, Vision, Values, and Strategy (the last two of which are not officially adopted by the Foundation). In addition, the Founding Principles are a statement of the common principles guiding the founding of any Wikimedia project. See officially adopted policies.
The global work of the Foundation is supported by "Wikimedia local chapters" (usually incorporated as non-profit corporations, according to the law of the locality), and each is governed by their own chapter board of trustees. Trustees of Wikimedia affiliates are assisted by a very small number of Wikimedia staff.
Editors
Editors, often referred to as Wikipedians, are the individuals who comprise the community of volunteers that write and edit the pages of Wikipedia as opposed to readers, who simply read the articles. Some editors use their real life names as "user names", to identify themselves on Wikipedia, whereas others choose never to reveal personal information. Theoretically all editors are equal with no "power structure" or "law enforcement officers." There are however, within the editing community, editors with extra privileges (maintenance responsibilities or ability to perform certain administrative actions). Other categories of contributors have also emerged, such as Wikipedians in residence and students with assignments related to editing Wikipedia (see below).
| To locate your user access levels, go to Special:Preferences. In the "user profile" tab is "Member of groups". |
The English Wikipedia currently has
Stewardship
Stewards are volunteer editors with complete access to the wiki interface on all Wikimedia wikis, including the ability to change any and all user rights and groups. This means that, along with the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee, stewards have Checkuser and Oversight rights. They are tasked with technical implementation of community consensus, dealing with emergencies, and intervening against cross-wiki vandalism. The number of stewards is not limited by any policies. Stewards are elected annually by the global Wikimedia community. Candidates must have a support/oppose ratio of at least 80% with at least 30 supporting users. Current stewards are confirmed during each election. Stewards are subject to the stewards' policy; further documentation may be found in the steward handbook.
The Wikimedia Foundation created the position of steward when it recognized the need to separate user rights management from software development and systems administration.
Arbitration Committee
Members of the
Arbitrators are
The election rules are debated each year. Although nomination is subject only to rather broad criteria, in practice only Administrators have succeeded in being selected as Arbitrators.
Bureaucrats
Bureaucrats are volunteer editors with the technical ability (user rights) to:
- promote other users to administrator or bureaucrat status.
- remove the admin status of other users
- grant and revoke an account's bot status.
They are bound by policy and consensus to grant administrator or bureaucrat access only when doing so reflects the wishes of the community, usually after a successful request at Wikipedia:Requests for adminship. In like fashion, they are expected to exercise judgement in granting or removing bot flags on the advice of the Bot Approvals Group. They are expected to be capable judges of consensus, and are expected to explain the reasoning for their actions on request and in a civil manner. Users are granted bureaucrat status by community consensus. The process is similar to the process of granting administrator status, but the expectations for potential bureaucrats are higher and community consensus must be clearer.
Bureaucrats do not have the technical ability to grant other levels of access (they cannot assign oversight or checkuser rights). These actions are performed by stewards, a small multilingual group that serves all Wikimedia projects. Additional stewards are elected annually; for more information see Requests for permissions. Changes in user rights by stewards are recorded at m:Special:Log/rights. The English Wikipedia currently has 18 bureaucrats as of 10 April 2024. Though not required by policy, in practice all bureaucrats are also Administrators.
Administrators
Administrators assume responsibilities as volunteers; thus are never required to use their tools, and must never use them to gain an advantage in a dispute in which they are involved (see: Wikipedia:What adminship is not). Only Jimmy Wales or the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee may authorize the removal of administrator privileges, and this authorization may be executed by any bureaucrat or steward.
Wikipedians in residence
A
Educators and students
The Education program helps with the coordination of educators and students around the world contribute to Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects in an academic setting. Educators assign their students to contribute to Wikipedia based on course-related topics. Programs are run by Wikimedia local chapters (usually incorporated as non-profit corporations, according to the law of the locality), affiliate organizations, and dedicated volunteer Wikipedia editors. Supporting the program is a limited number of staff members at the Wikimedia Foundation, who help program leaders start and scale their programs sustainably.
Data structure and development
Development of the Wikipedia data structure occurs within various namespaces. Namespaces allow for the organization and separation of content pages from administration pages. Each namespace also segregates and organizes data according to its function within the overall project schema (articles, portals, files, drafts, templates etc.). Namespaces separate data into core sets, those intended for public viewing, and those intended for the editing community. Unlike the Article namespace, and other content related namespaces, such as the Portal namespace, administrative namespaces are used to assist the building of content and should be seen to be mutually exclusive of content pages, except for cases where a linkage is required. In other words, administration pages should be in the background and not visible to the reader.
| Namespaces | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject namespaces | Talk namespaces | ||
| 0 | (Main/Article) | Talk | 1 |
| 2 | User | User talk | 3 |
| 4 | Wikipedia | Wikipedia talk | 5 |
| 6 | File | File talk | 7 |
| 8 | MediaWiki | MediaWiki talk | 9 |
| 10 | Template | Template talk | 11 |
| 12 | Help | Help talk | 13 |
| 14 | Category | Category talk | 15 |
| 100 | Portal | Portal talk | 101 |
| 118 | Draft | Draft talk | 119 |
| 710 | TimedText | TimedText talk | 711 |
| 828 | Module | Module talk | 829 |
| Former namespaces | |||
| 108 | Book | Book talk | 109 |
| 442 | Course | Course talk | 443 |
| 444 | Institution | Institution talk | 445 |
| 446 | Education Program | Education Program talk | 447 |
| 2300 | Gadget | Gadget talk | 2301 |
| 2302 | Gadget definition | Gadget definition talk | 2303 |
| 2600 | Topic | 2601 | |
| Virtual namespaces | |||
| -1 | Special | ||
| -2 | Media | ||
| Current list (API call) | |||
Administration pages, including
Excluding the Article namespace all namespaces use a prefix; for example, all
Content namespaces
Content namespaces are intended for use by readers as part of the encyclopedia such as articles.
Article namespace
The Main namespace or Article namespace is the namespace of Wikipedia that contains the encyclopedia proper—that is, where content—Wikipedia articles reside. The main namespace is the default namespace and does not use a prefix in article page names. This is distinct from other namespaces where page names are always prefixed by an indicator of the particular namespace in which the page resides. Thus, any page created without such a prefix will automatically be placed in the article namespace. The Main namespace number is zero (0).
Portal namespace
The
A portal link box may be added to a page by typing {{
Category namespace
The Category namespace is a software feature of MediaWiki, which enables pages to be added to automatic listings. These help structure Wikipedia's contents and administrative pages by grouping together pages on similar subjects. A category page lists the articles (or administrative pages) that have been added to a particular category. There may also be a section listing the subcategories of that category. The subcategorization feature makes it possible to organize categories into tree-like structures to aid navigation.
Article pages should be kept out of administrative categories if possible. There are separate administrative categories for different kinds of non-article pages, such as
To add a page to a category, include "[[Category:Category name]]" or "[[Category:Category name|Sortkey]]" in that page's
Category: and alias CAT:. The Category namespace number is fourteen (14). See Wikipedia:Categorization
Administrative namespaces
Administrative namespaces are intended for use by editors or by automated tools for the administration and governance of the encyclopedia. See also Category:Wikipedia project content guidelines
Talk namespace
For every type of namespace (including the Main namespace) there is a corresponding Talk namespace or Talk page, reached by clicking the Talk tab just above the title. The accompanying talk namespace for each namespace page is a place where editors may discuss and dialogue on their work in the various administrative and content pages in the corresponding namespaces. (Note: on interactive noticeboards discussion happens on the main page.)
The talk pages are designated by appending the word talk to the namespace name. The talk namespace associated with the article namespace is Talk:. Whereas the user and project namespaces are even-numbered, the talk namespaces are odd-numbered and are assigned the odd number that follows the corresponding substantive namespace number. See
User namespace
Wikipedia provides personal user pages in the User namespace to facilitate communication among participants here to build an encyclopedia. Generally, substantial content on a user page that is unrelated to Wikipedia is avoided. Wikipedia is not a general hosting service, so a user page is not used as a personal website. However, a user page may be about the particular editor's "persona" as a Wikipedian, including the pages to which the user has contributed or their general interests in regard to subjects or projects related to Wikipedia, its administration and content. In addition, there is broad agreement that an editor may not include in their user space any material that is likely to bring the project into disrepute.
To reach a user page, simply type User:username, where "username" is the user's Wikipedia username. The talk namespace associated with the user namespace has the prefix User talk:. The User namespace is assigned the namespace number two (2). See
"Wikipedia" aka Project namespace
Although it may appear from its name that the . This "information page" is contained within the Wikipedia namespace.
Pages in this namespace will always have the prefix Wikipedia:. They can also be reached by alias WP: or the standard (for any MediaWiki site) prefix Project:. The Wikipedia namespace number is four (4).
Help namespace
The Help namespace consisting of Wikipedia pages whose titles begin with the prefix Help: and alias H:, such as Help:Link. These pages contain information intended to help use Wikipedia or its software. Some of these pages are intended for readers of the encyclopedia; others are intended for editors, whether beginning or advanced. Some of the pages in the Help namespace are copied from Meta-Wiki.
There is a large amount of overlap between the Help namespace and the
File namespace
The File namespace contains millions of illustrative images and other electronic media. The File Namespace is the namespace in which all of Wikipedia's media content resides including data files for images, video clips, or audio clips, including document length clips; or midi files (a small, computer-instructions file). The media filenames all begin with the prefix File:. The File namespace number is six (6).
A typical file can be inserted with the line code [[File:...|thumb|...]]. Image: can be substituted for File: with no change in effect for images, the choice between the two is purely a matter of editorial preference. Only
Template namespace
The {{Template name}} syntax.
Pages in this namespace will always have the prefix Template: and alias T:. The Template namespace number is ten (10). See
Draft namespace
The Draft:. The Draft namespace number is one hundred and eighteen (118).
MediaWiki namespace
The MediaWiki namespace is the database structure namespace used by MediaWiki software, on which Wikipedia runs. The pages in this namespace (whose titles begin MediaWiki:) contain the text to be displayed in certain places in the web interface. Only administrators can edit this namespace, but all editors can propose changes on the appropriate talk pages. See Wikipedia:Village pump (technical) and Wikipedia:Developers for more information. See Wikipedia:MediaWiki messages for discussions about the content of MediaWiki pages. The MediaWiki namespace number is eight (8)
Virtual namespaces
There are two virtual namespaces that do not relate to pages stored in the database: Special and Media.
Special namespace
The special pages can be accessed from Special:SpecialPages, which is found in the sidebar of every page on Wikipedia. It is located in the Toolbox section. The namespace number for a special namespace page is negative one (-1).
Media namespace
The
See also
- User:Jimbo Wales/Statement of principles – statement of principles! by the co-founder of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, as updated by the community since then.
- Contributing to Wikipedia – the main "how-to" page that provides information, links, videos and other resources on the basics needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit Wikipedia.
- Core content policies – a brief summary and background on Wikipedia's core content policies.
- Editorial discretion – discusses how common sense and Wikipedia policy dictates that editors must practice discretion regarding the proper inclusion of relevant and well-sourced content.
- Editor integrity – discusses how editors have a responsibility to uphold the integrity of Wikipedia and respect intellectual property rights of the sources they draw upon when they create and improve encyclopedia pages.
- The essence of Wikipedia – describes how Wikipedia is the harnessing of the collective intelligence and collaborative efforts of editors who hold opposing points of view, in an attempt to preserve all serious contributions which are reliably sourced.
- The role of policies in collaborative anarchy – describes how policies produce a quality encyclopaedia.
- WikiProject Democracy – links to information where you can participate in governing Wikipedia.
Further reading
- Dariusz Jemielniak (2014). Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-8944-8.
- Joseph M. Reagle; Lawrence Lessig (2012). Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-28870-5.
- Thomas Leitch; Thomas M. Leitch (2014). "Paradoxes of Authority". Wikipedia U: Knowledge, Authority, and Liberal Education in the Digital Age. JHU Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-4214-1535-2.
- Wolfgang Gaul; Andreas Geyer-Schulz; Lars Schmidt-Thieme (2012). "Wikipedia: A Directed Graph of Articles". Challenges at the Interface of Data Analysis, Computer Science, and Optimization. Vol. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e. V., Karlsruhe. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 272. ISBN 978-3-642-24465-0.
External links
| External videos | |
|---|---|
 Jimmy Wales: The birth of Wikipedia, 2005 TED (conference), 20 mins. |
- m:Wikipedia power structure
- m:Wikipedia Governance - an essay written in 2002 by the co-founder of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales.