Wikipedia:WikiProject Numbers

This WikiProject is aimed at standardizing the pages on numbers. Although most of the articles on numbers currently follow a format, they do so to varying degrees. A general template is given below to assist in creating and improving these articles.

How far to go?

See also Wikipedia:Notability (numbers).

There is no need to remind anyone here that there are infinitely many numbers, for we all already know that. Despite what some may rant, no one here has any intention of making a robot to make number articles. All number articles will be written by humans, because we want to have articles on numbers that humans might want to look up; thus the articles will take into account the humanistic qualities of numbers. So the question is, what numbers should there be articles for?

• SI prefix
  ) and numbers with some remarkable mathematical property.
• Fractions: Pages for fractions with small denominators, such as 1/2, are acceptable at this point (this is the only such article; articles for 1/3 and 1/4 could be warranted). If needed, redirects for equivalent fractions can be created.
• Reals: Important mathematical constants such as e and π.
• i
  .
• Not a Number
  .
• Number bases
  : Those that are actually used (or have been used in the past) for practical calculations, such as binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal, vigesimal, and sexagesimal.

Creating a new article or adding onto an existing one

Care should be taken to only create a new article on a number if there is sufficient known information to create an article that consists of more than just "N comes after N − 1 and before N + 1". As a guideline, you ought to know at least three interesting properties of a number. What constitutes interesting can be debated (see Wikipedia:Evaluating how interesting an integer's mathematical property is for one possible way of gauging this), but the point is that the careless creation of number article stubs is to be avoided. Also, and as importantly in many respects, which cultural and scientific properties (or otherwise) can be attributed to the number? For a complete number article, there need-be at least one accompanying important cultural association aside from mathematical properties present. If you only know one interesting mathematical property, consider jotting it down in an article on a near round number. For instance, if you want to write an article on 1050, see if something about it has already been written on it at 1000. That's the point of the series of stubs at the ends of articles like 500 and 7000, to see if there are numbers outside the declared project range that might merit their own article.

So, before creating a new article on a number, go over a checklist:

1. See if the number has already been written about at an article on a near round number (rounding down, i.e. if searching for the number
   455, seek the page 400
   ).
2. Name at least three interesting and unrelated mathematical properties of the number (or one earth-shatteringly interesting property, such as odd perfect number, or a quasiperfect number of either parity).
3. Fill out a Docuan table (see below) with the basic properties of the number (factorization, binary representation, etc.)
4. Understand whether other fields have associations with the number, so as to include whichever philosophical, cultural and scientific links that are relevant.
5. Follow the template below once you have sufficient information to start a new article, or add onto an existing one.

Template for integers

Outline of template

Each article on a number ought to consist of two major sections, the first dealing with the mathematical properties of the number, the second dealing with the extramathematical properties of the number, such as cultural associations of the number.

1. Mathematical properties
   1. Representation (decimal, Roman, Mayan, hexadecimal, etc.)
   2. Arithmetic, number theory properties
   3. Algebraic properties
   4. Calculus properties
   5. Geometric properties
2. Extra-mathematical references
   1. Most universal and eternal
   2. Most local and ephemeral still worth listing.

This template (originally developed by Docu) is a subtractive template; i.e. given a number N that has all relevant mathematical properties (even mutually exclusive ones), including extra-mathematical properties. To use this template, replace the in-line generic statements with appropriate information:

Naming compliance

For most cases, articles should be named N (number), with the literal spelling of the numbers redirected accordingly (e.g.,

).

Numbers deserving their own article that are greater than 999, should have the article title written in digits without any separators between the digits of the integer part. Writing the number with separators may of course be acknowledged in the body of the article. Thus, the article on the taxicab number 1,729 should be 1729 (number), though the article can mention that the number may be written "1,729" or "1.729."

Besides −1, there are no articles on negative integers. Adding information about a negative number therefore can fall under articles representative of numbers' positive, absolute values. One half is the chosen article name for 1⁄2.

Extra-mathematical associations

It is preferable to have a stub article than to pad an article with trivial or tenuously related information. Normal Wikipedia policies, and guidelines, should be considered when choosing which content to include. Specifically, any scientific and cultural associations of a number, and otherwise, must be

.

Remember that the subject of the article is the number — that is, the mathematical object — and not the numeral(s) that represents the string of characters or character commonly used to represent the number. Take care to include only significant extra-mathematical associations of the number that are not trivial.

Do not include content that relates to the article's title only as an identifier, or label, or simple enumeration, or measurement, or as a trivial mention. For example:

• Route 66
  does not have a significant relationship with the number 66 - rather, the "66" is an identification code.
• 86 (novel series) is not about the number 86.
• The 35 in
  35 mm film
  is a measurement, not a property of, or reference to, the number 35.
• The 9 in ISO 9 is a simple enumeration of a series of items, with no significant relationship with the number 9.
• The centre-forward in association football wearing the number 9 shirt is a trivial mention of the number 9.

If there is plausible ambiguity between such items and the given string of characters, the place to mention it would be on a disambiguation page for the number.

A scientific notion referenced in a number article depends on the mathematics of its properties and characteristics, and how substantial they are, as aforementioned. Examples include:

• a statement such as, there is theoretical and empirical evidence to suggest that brain computation is organized via power-of-two-based permutation logic,
• three soap films meet along a Plateau border at 120 degree angles.

As well as any other scientific fact that is arithmetically, geometrically, or algebraically tied to the number itself, including by statistical significance, and where equalities near almost integer values.

Highly culturally important references to numbers can be included, such as lucky or unlucky numbers (as a form of numerology), as long as there is a direct reference to mathematical properties of the number, even if mystical (i.e. The One in the philosophy of neoplatonism). See the essay Wikipedia:"In popular culture" content for guidance on how to select appropriate cultural references.

Finally, do not include other general content in the body of the article that is untied to the number as a mathematical object:

• telephone number calling codes,
• bus routes
  ,
• firearms (i.e. Glock 17),
• military and transportation classes of vehicles, aircraft, or otherwise,
• album titles or song titles that include a numeral, or books (except for when they deal directly with the mathematics of a number, or reference it thoroughly in some way),
• sports jerseys (identified with numbers, or letters and numbers), NASCAR car numbers, etc.,
• world records of any sort, aside from records that could be of cultural interest in mathematics, such as enumerating digits of pi by memory, etc.
• marketed items, such as bubble gum 5.

Or any notion or item that is not directly relatable to mathematical aspects of the number (in this case, only its numeral is being referenced). If need-be, a hatnote atop the article can be used to link to another article if an important disambiguation is needed. This permits the article to remain focused on information that is primarily number-theoretical.

Citations

Just as with any information in Wikipedia, articles on numbers need to cite sources. (See Wikipedia:Citing sources for general information on citing sources).

Some statements that are easily verified with a pocket calculator might not need citations (e.g., the fact that 7³ = 343), but anything slightly more difficult to verify does (e.g., that 786 might be the largest number for which 2nCn is not divisible by the square of an odd prime).

It is not the place of this project to prescribe a citation format. Until Wikipedia decides on a uniform citation format, number articles may use whatever citation format would be acceptable in a mathematics journal.

The

are respectable Web sources, as are Web versions of respected professional journals.

It is acceptable for a number article to have few citations if the linked 'word' articles have primary and secondary sourcing.

Edit summaries

Every project member (indeed anyone who edits Wikipedia) is encouraged to write brief but complete edit summaries. (See

for advice on writing edit summaries for articles on any topic).

For articles about numbers, or mathematics in general, it is advisable to use "linear algebra" (algebra typeset into a single line, without superscripts or subscripts) or pseudocode.

For example, instead of writing "Corrected mathematical formula to sum of reciprocals of squares of factorials instead of sum of reciprocals of factorials of squares, corrected links to Italian, Chinese Wikipedias", you could write "Corrected formula Sum(1/n!^2) instead of Sum(1/n^2!), corrected it:, zh:"

In edit summaries, use the mathematical operators available on the standard keyboard (+, -, *, /, ^) even though a different operator (e.g., ×) would be more appropriate in the article text.

Although Greek letters can technically be used in edit summaries, it is preferable to use the name of the letter spelled out in the English alphabet. For example, "Changed e to pi in formula", "Mu(100) is 0, not 1" (The article text should of course fully avail itself to any applicable Greek letters).

Some shorthand notations that might be useful:

n, num, #	An arbitrary integer
p	An arbitrary prime number
x, num, #	An arbitrary real number
val	Value
tri; sq, ^2; pentag; hexag; heptag, etc.	Triangular; square; pentagonal; hexagonal; heptagonal, etc.
sum; prod	Sum; product
!; !!; super!, $!; hyper!; ¡!, i!; !sum; 1/!	Factorial; double factorial; superfactorial; hyperfactorial; alternating factorial; factorial sum; reciprocal of factorial
bin; oct; dec; hex	Binary; octal; decimal; hexadecimal
Infobox, Docuan table	The table with binary, hexadecimal representation, factorization and other general data points about the number

Flagship articles

Articles for the first twelve integers are some of the most well-developed number articles, in terms of mathematical properties and cultural associations, as well as sourcing. This being said, there are many other number articles that are well-written and can serve as examples:

• The articles for 0 and 1, which are elementary numbers in mathematics with many fundamental properties and characterizations. These articles notably have more diverse mathematics sections devoted to highlighting some of their essential properties.
• The article for the number 5 is diverse in ascribing mathematical properties that are both number-theoretical, as well as geometric and algebraic, including many other cultural associations and otherwise (it is also well-cited, with over 160 sources).
• The article for the number 11 contains a good amount of mathematical properties that also include decimal-specific properties (as an example of a common subsection within mathematics that can be expanded within other articles).
• The article for the number 24 has been known to have some of the most complex geometric properties listed among Wikipedia number articles, and has expanded today to include also many other number-theoretical properties.
• The article for the number 73 has plenty of information on a specific connection with the number 37, and is an example of such a focus that bridges with another number (and number article).
• The article for the number 288 contains several note-worthy properties that are highlighted effectively and presented in tandem.
• The article for the number 1729 is an example of an article that highlights one major property, while listing other properties as well under a different subsection. It is also an article about a well-known and culturally important number in mathematics.

The following is the status of the project as of January, 2023.

Priority of mathematics articles

Following the level of priority set by WikiProject Mathematics:

Top-priority

There are four main top-priority mathematics number articles:

• Integers: 0 and 1.
• Constants:
  π and e

Currently, articles for 0 and 1 are well-written within their respective mathematics sections, however they are not generally referenced (even though they contain due links, they could use primary sourcing where possible, even when generalizing). The article for π is a featured article, and the article for e is a good article.

High-priority

Another fourteen relevant mathematics number articles are categorized as high-priority:

• Integers: −1, 1⁄2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, as well as 1000.
• Constants: i and φ

These have all recently been improved (2022-).

Mid-priority

At least four relevant mid-priority mathematical article are listed:

• 0.999... which has featured status.
• Constants: √2, √3, √5

Articles that are listed as low-priority include:

• Integers: 261 and 666, as well as 2,147,483,647 and 4,294,967,295
• Constants: δ_s, √7

Methodical priority assignments to integer number articles have not really taken place, which is something that could be further investigated. For example, 24 (number) could be elevated to mid-priority, given the many important geometric and algebraic properties ligated to it. 12 is another such candidate.

Overview

There are continuous individual articles for positive integers from

.

• From
  499 in one page), with some entries linked to individual articles (such as with 360, and 720
  ).
• From
  10000, they group in thousands, following the same scheme used for the groups of hundreds; again, some (1001 and 1729
  spring to mind) have their own articles.
• From 10000 to
  100000 articles grow in increments of ten thousand, with a few articles in between for individual numbers (like 65,536 and 65,537
  ).
• From
  10⁵ through 10⁹ articles are grouped in ranges of increments of powers of ten (i.e. the largest consecutive 10ⁿ article we have is for one billion
  ).
• There are select number articles greater than 10⁹ such as
  10¹², a googolplex, and Graham's number
  .

Navigation bars inside Docuan tables of number articles have been created with the follow functionality:

• Increments of 1 for all numbers between 0 and 270 (including redirects back to 260 between 260-269).
• Increments of 10 from 0 through 300 (bugging between 280 and 300, however).
• Increments of 100 from 0 through
  90000
  .
• Increments by factors of 10¹ between 10⁰ and 10⁹ (i.e. 10⁰, 10¹, 10², ... 10⁹ with links starting at
  10⁵
  ).

Status of disambiguation pages:

• 11 is a disambiguation page linking to 11 (number), AD 11 and other articles. Similarly for 12 to 99 inclusive.
• 100 (disambiguation) links to 100 (number page), AD 100, and other articles.
• 101 is a disambiguation page linking to 101 (number), AD 101, and other articles. Similarly from 102 to 150 inclusive.
• The next disambiguation number page is 163 (disambiguation), linking to 163 (number), 163 (the year) and other articles.

Articles for deletion

Current

For up-to-date and automatically updated list of articles for deletion, see Category:AfD debates subsection 0–9.

If you'd like to be part of the project, simply add your username!

Active members

• 4pq1injbok
• Barnards.tar.gz
•  Buaidh  (tables of numbers)
• Certes (gnome)
• Dhrm77
• Doctormatt
• Egil
• Fritzmann2002 (Working on fractions)
• Gap9551
• Imaginatorium
• KingAntenor
• Newystats
• Paintspot (standardizing the pages for lists of integers bigger than 300)
• Polyamorph
• Radlrb (focusing on 1 - 35 first, with a priority on 1 - 12)
• Sj (finally found this page.  :))

Past or inactive members

• Bigdon128
• Citizensadvice11 (Standardizing, categorizing and citation cleanup)
• Cpu502
• Docu
• EditingMachine
• Eequor
• Jkasd
• QQ
• Qscgy256
• Radiant!
• ral315
• Reyk
• Rich Farmbrough
• Slord

Userboxes

Code	Result
{{Template:User interest numbers}}	This user is interested in Numbers.	Usage
{{Template:User WP Numbers}}	56 This user is a member of WikiProject Numbers	Usage

Some of the following talk pages include it: What links here

Talk

To add a message of this project to talk pages of number articles, use

that can be displayed with {{WikiProject Numbers}}.

	Numbers
This article is within the scope of WikiProject Numbers, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Numbers on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.NumbersWikipedia:WikiProject NumbersTemplate:WikiProject NumbersNumbers articles

• Wikipedia:Notability (numbers)
• List of numbers and list of prime numbers
• List of mathematics articles (0–9) containing all mathematics articles starting with a number.
• 10,000, including red links
  .

See also

WikiProject Mathematics

numbertheory.org – lists of important contributions, number theorists, and concepts of interest