Wikipedia:WikiProject Pharmacology/Style guide

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Wikipedia:Manual of Style (medicine-related articles)

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This is an advice page for the structure of

The article title and the first name to mention in the lead should be the

The order of sections used in this guideline is recommended for readability and consistency between articles. The order suggested below is to emphasize information sought after by general readers. If you disagree with part of the style guide, please discuss changes on the talk page.

Try to avoid cloning drug formularies such as the

Where ambiguity exists as to the order in which drugs should be listed, the British Approved Name for the combination (if one exists) or the order used by the manufacturer of the innovator brand should be used as a guide. For example, although no BAN exists for isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine above, the manufacturer of the innovator brand "BiDil" lists the constituents in that order. Alternative names should be redirected to the chosen name. Non-standard proprietary combination preparations are discouraged, and fall outside the scope of this guideline. For example, a hypothetical "paracetamol/dextromethorphan/pseudoephedrine" page is discouraged and does not fall under this guideline.

Tasks related to this guideline can be found at Wikipedia:WikiProject Pharmacology/Workspace#Naming conventions.

Capitalization

Nonproprietary names are common nouns and hence should be lower case except in titles, the beginning of sentences, and in other situations that require capitalization.^[1] In contrast, trade names are proper nouns and should always be capitalized.

Infoboxes should be used where appropriate. These include

• {{Infobox drug}} – for example Paracetamol
• {{
  Infobox chemical}} – for example ICI-118,551
  , the chemical infobox is possibly more appropriate for research drugs for which little or no clinical data is yet available

1. Lead

   The

   United States Approved Name

   (USAN), development codenames, and the pronunciation -- that content can go in the infobox or the body of the article. In parentheses, list the main or initial brand names for the drug. If there are more than a few brand names, it is best to list these separately in the body of the article.

   1. template documentation. User:Fuzzform
      is able to provide images.
2. Medical uses

   This section should go into further detail regarding what the medication is used for (for each major indication). Take special care with regulatory terms; since drug approvals vary from country to country, so does the distinction between approved and off-label uses. A more detailed description of drug regulation should go to the section Legal status, further down. Detailed dosage information is not recommended as it may be construed as medical advice and be easily subject to vandalism or uninformed good-faith edits.

   1. Available forms

      This section details what forms the drug is available in. Information includes route of administration (e.g. oral, i.v., i.m., rectal, parenteral, intranasal. Oral forms of administration should be differentiated: tablets, crushable tablets, capsules (containing powder, gel, or sprinkle beads), enteric-coated or slow-release tables/capsules, syrup, sugar-free liquid, or powder (soluble or for suspension). Only include this section if the Routes of administration field of the drugbox does not provide enough space.

   2. Specific populations

      Include one or more of the following subsections if appropriate:

      1. Pregnancy
      2. Labor and delivery
      3. Lactation
      4. In children
      5. In the elderly
3. Contraindications

   Under what circumstances should the drug in question not be used? Distinguish relative and absolute contraindications if possible.

4. Adverse effects or Side effects

   List the adverse effects (including withdrawal symptoms, if applicable), as well as whether they are common, uncommon, or rare. The latter should only be mentioned if severe or otherwise notable. If possible, use specific statistics (be sure to cite sources!). Use side effect percentage with placebo/control vs. percentage with drug/experimental. Always include adverse events highlighted with mandated prominent warnings.

5. Overdose

   This section describes symptoms of overdose, what to do in case of overdose, and the

   LD₅₀

   (median lethal dose), if it is available.

6. Drug interactions or Interactions

   This section should note what other drugs/food interact with the drug in question, and what effect(s) are produced by this interaction.

7. Pharmacology
   1. Mechanism of action or Pharmacodynamics

      If known, describe the molecular mechanism of action including the specific biological target of the drug (for example which receptor subtype, ion channel population, isozyme, etc. the drug binds to) and if the drug blocks or activates that target. If relevant, mention what endogenous substance (neurotransmitter, hormone, substrate, etc.) is mimicked or blocked by the drug. Also describe the downstream consequences of modulating that target (what signal transduction pathways are impacted, what genes are up or down regulated, etc.) and how modulating the activity of the target ultimately translates into the desired therapeutic effect (that is, the mode of action, for example vasodilation resulting in decreased blood pressure). If the mechanism of action is not known, this section should state that.

   2. Pharmacokinetics

      This section should describe the clinically relevant pharmacokinetic parameters of a drug or active metabolites and the mechanisms of clearance (e.g., specific enzyme systems or transporters). List the

      clearance, major metabolic pathways (e.g. phase I and/or phase II and the major metabolizing enzymes for example CYP2D6, CYP3A4, monoamine oxidase, UGT2B7

      ). Some of this information is also included in the drugbox.

   3. Pharmacomicrobiomics

      This section should cover any known drug-microbiota interactions, particularly ones that occur in the gut for orally administered medications.

8. Chemistry

   Include information on the chemical structure, stereochemistry, and chemical composition of the drug (e.g., free base, hydrochloride salt, etc.), physical characteristics, and notable chemical properties. Basic physicochemical properties such as melting pointing, solubility and other raw data should be placed in the drugbox.

   1. Synthesis (only necessary for articles tagged by {{WikiProject Chemicals}})
   2. Detection in body fluids
9. History

   When writing about the history of the drug, only include this section if a sufficient amount of information on the drug's origin and/or first synthesis is available. If so, there should be a timeline of first synthesis, approval dates (U.S., Europe, UK, etc.), when marketing stopped or ownership transferred, etc.

10. Society and culture

    Don't use this section for adding

    WP:TRIVIA

    to the article.

    1. Legal status Describe regulatory status in different regions of the world.
    2. Recreational use If applicable, describe recreational usage (i.e. abuse) and other illicit usage (for example, using flunitrazepam to facilitate robbery/as a date rape drug).
    3. Economics Global sales, distribution, cost in major English speaking countries, etc.
    4. Brand names Brand names of the medication and manufacturer, if notable.
    5. Controversies Controversies surrounding the medication, if notable.
11. Research Ongoing investigations into a medication that have not reached clinical usage
12. Veterinary use

    If different from use in humans or otherwise notable.

13. See also

    Avoid the See also section when possible; prefer wikilinks in the main article and navigation templates at the end.

14. References

    These are essential. Unreferenced "information" may be deleted or moved to the talk page. As guidelines we have

    Wikipedia:Manual of Style (medicine-related articles)#Citing medical sources

    .

15. External links

    Avoid this section if possible, since it is a magnet for

    spam

    . Links to on-line pharmacies and blogs will be deleted.

16. Navigational templates

    This is not a section — it comes after the last section in the article — but it is nonetheless an important part of any drug article. Most families of drugs already have a template; see Wikipedia:WikiProject Pharmacology/Templates and the appropriate ATC list (e. g. ATC code L04 for an immunosuppressant) for which template(s) to use.

17. Categories and language links

    Look for similar articles to check for what categories they belong to and add the article to any appropriate categories. If no similar articles can be found, add the article to any categories that seem appropriate. See

    stub template, if applicable, goes below the category links. See Category:Pharmacology stubs

    for templates to choose from. Language links go right to the bottom.

Please see Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Pharmacology/General/Main sections of drug page for related discussion.

For

Add a section listing "Agents" in the class.

Recreational agents

For articles on agents that are primarily recreational in use a section on the "Effects" of the agent early is recommended. This may be followed by sections on "Recreational uses" and "Medical uses".

1. ATC codes before ATCvet codes
2. Within these two groups, sort alphabetically

There is currently no consensus whether codes for drug combinations should be added to articles about single drugs. If you do so, add "(combination with [[drug X]])" or the like, using the ATC_supplemental parameter.

Drugs without an ATC(vet) code should have set ATC_prefix = none.