Wildlife of Azerbaijan
Part of a series on the |
Wildlife of Azerbaijan |
---|
Azerbaijan portal |
The wildlife of Azerbaijan consists of its
The symbol of fauna in Azerbaijan is the Karabakh horse (Azeri: Qarabağ atı) which is a mountain-steppe racing and riding horse which can be found only in Azerbaijan. It is one of the oldest breeds, with ancestry dating to the ancient world. The horse was originally developed in the Karabakh region in the 5th century and is named after it.[1]
The natural habitat of various types of animals in Azerbaijan is diverse. Some species only populate specific areas (lakes, parts of mountainous areas) while others are spread throughout the country. For example,
A number of natural preserves have been created and the hunting rules were brought into effect for protection of fur and hoofed animals in Azerbaijan.
Fauna
Azerbaijan's animal kingdom owes its diversity to the variety of climates and biomes that can be found within Azerbaijani territory.
Mammals
Azerbaijan has the highest number of mammal species in Europe. Some 107 species of mammals have been recorded in Azerbaijan, three of which are unique to the country. Well-known species include
Insectivores
- Eastern European hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor
- Northern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus roumanicos
- Long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus
- Levantine mole, Talpa levantis
- Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedti
- Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon
- Transcaucasian water shrew, Neomys schelkovnikovi
- White-toothed pygmy shrew, Suncus etruscus
- Caspian shrew, Crocidura caspica
Bats
- European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis
- Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii
- Lesser mouse-eared bat, Myotis blythii
- Whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus
- Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus
- Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros
- Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
- Botta's serotine bat, Eptesicus bottae
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus mehelyi
- Geoffroy's bat, Myotis emarginatus
- Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus
- Noctule bat, Nyctalus noctula
- Savi's pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii
- Nathusius's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii
- Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus
- Bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale
- Blasius' horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus blasii
- Natterer's bat, Myotis nattereri
- Eastern barbastelle bat, Barbastella leucomelas
- Western barbastelle bat, Barbastella barbastellus
- Bechstein's bat, Myotis bechsteinii
- Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus
- Leisler's bat, Nyctalus leisleri
- Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssonii
- Soprano pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Lagomorphs
- European hare, Lepus europaeus
- European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus
Rodents
- House mouse, Mus musculus
- Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus (introduced)
- Pigmy field mouse, Apodemus uralensis
- Yellow-breasted mouse, Apodemus fulvipectus
- Grey hamster, Cricetulus migratorius
- Water vole, Arvicola terrestris
- Social vole, Microtus socialis
- Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater
- Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica
- Libyan jird, Meriones libycus
- Tristram's jird, Meriones tristami
- Persian jird, Meriones persicus
- Vinogradov's jird, Meriones vinogradovi
- Midday gerbil, Meriones meridianus
- Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti
- Azerbaijani mouse-like hamster, Calomyscus urartensis
- Transcaucasian mole vole, Ellobius lutescens
- House mouse, Mus abbotti
- Fat dormouse, Glis glis
- Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula
- Common vole, Microtus arvalis
- Snow vole, Chionomys nivalis
- Caucasian snow vole, Chionomys gud
- Robert's snow vole, Chionomys roberti
- Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus
- Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius
- Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus
- Schelkovnikov's pine vole, Microtus schelkovnikovi
- Caucasus field mouse, Apodemus hyrcanicus
- Daghestan pine vole, Microtus daghestanicus
- Major's pine vole, Microtus majori
- Nasarov's vole, Microtus nasarovi
- Persian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus
- Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris
- Indian porcupine, Hystrix leucura
- Roof rat, Rattus rattus
- Coypu, Myocastor coypus
Carnivores
- Grey wolf, Canis lupus
- Caspian Sea wolf, Canis lupus campestris
- Golden jackal, Canis aureus
- Red fox, Vulpes vulpes
- Beech marten, Martes foina
- Caucasian badger, Meles canescens
- Least weasel, Mustela nivalis
- European otter, Lutra lutra
- Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx
- Brown bear, Ursus arctos
- Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena
- Pine marten, Martes martes
- European wildcat, Felis silvestris
- Marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna
- Jungle cat, Felis chaus
- Persian leopard, Panthera pardus saxicolor[2]
- Raccoon, Procyon lotor (introduced)
Extinct are:
- Asiatic cheetah since the 18th century[3]
- Caspian tiger since the beginning of the 20th century[3]
- Asiatic lion since the Middle Ages[3]
Pinnipeds
- Caspian seal, Pusa caspica
Even-toed ungulates
- Wild boar, Sus scrofa
- Moose, Alces alces (extirpated)
- Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus
- Red deer, Cervus elaphus
- Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa
- Chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra
- Wild goat, Capra aegagrus
- Asiatic mouflon, Ovis orientalis
- East Caucasian tur, Capra cylindricornis
- Aurochs, Bos primigenius (extinct)
- European bison, Bison bonasus (extirpated)
Fish
The country's fresh water basins and the Caspian Sea account for 97 species of fish, eight of which were introduced and seven of these have become widespread. There are also over 15 thousand species of invertebrates in Azerbaijan. Most can be found in the Kur River, its surrounding lakes, as well as in the
Birds
Azerbaijan has a rich
Other
Ten species of amphibians from five families are recorded in Azerbaijan. There are 52 species of reptiles found in Azerbaijan. Most of these species are found in semi-desert areas in
Flora
Azerbaijan has a rich flora. Over 4,500 species of higher plants have been registered in the country. Due to the a variety of climates and biomes in Azerbaijan, the flora is more diverse than in other republics of the South Caucasus. Approximately 67% of the flora species found in the whole of Caucasus can be found in Azerbaijan.
The diversity of Azerbaijan's flora and vegetation is the result of the varied physical-geographic and natural-historic conditions, as well as Azerbaijan's history of being influenced by the remote floristic regions.
Trees and plants
Relict genera of the tertiary period can be frequently found in all the zones of Azerbaijan, especially in Lenkeran (Talysh regions). They are the iron tree (
90.5% of the Altyaghach National Park is covered by broad-leaved forests, the predominant types of tree are the iron tree, Caucasus hornbeam, oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), and birch.
Reserves
Several reserves have been established in Azerbaijan in order to preserve fauna, flora and other ecosystems:
- Goy-Gol State Reserve
- Gyzylaghadj State Reserve
- Zagatala State Reserve
- Turyanchay State Reserve
- Pirgulu State Reserve
- Shirvan State Reserve
- Besitchay State Reserve
- Qarayazy State Reserve
- Ismayilly State Reserve
- Qaragol State Reserve
- Ilisu State Reserve
- Shahbuz State Reserve
- Eldar pine-tree State Reserve
See also
- List of mammals of Azerbaijan
- Nature of Azerbaijan
- Karabakh
- National Parks of Azerbaijan
- State Reserves of Azerbaijan
References
- ^ Karabakh horse
- S2CID 84687390.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ a b c Geptner, V. G., Sludskij, A. A. (1972). Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V.G., Sludskii, A. A., Komarov, A., Komorov, N.; Hoffmann, R. S. (1992). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol III: Carnivores (Feloidea). Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC).
External links
Media related to Animals of Azerbaijan at Wikimedia Commons Media related to Flora of Azerbaijan at Wikimedia Commons