Wildlife of Chad
The wildlife of Chad is composed of its
Vegetation
As of 2011, there were 2,288 species of plants in the country, 55 of which are
The northern part of the country which has the Sahara desert and which borders Libya and the volcanic massif of
The montane vegetation on the massif is rich, unlike the vegetation that is in the lowlands. Woody vegetation occurs in some deep gorges of the
Lake Chad, lying on the country's western edge and extending across the border into Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon, is one of the richest areas of flora in the country, although it has rapidly reduced in size during the last century.[
Fauna
As of 2002, there were at least 134 species of mammals and 532 species of birds (354 species of residents and 155 migrants) in Chad.[1] Before the 20th century, Chad reportedly had a rich fauna of large carnivores in the Lake Chad region, but due to deforestation, hunting and competition from livestock most of the population of lions, leopards, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus have disappeared from the region.[3]
The
Other species reported are;
Aquafauna
Lake Chad has 179 species of fish which feed on vegetation,
Avifauna
Critically endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
|
Near-threatened
|
The
Protection
The protected parks, reserves, protection forests, reforestation areas, and
- Abou Telfane 1,100 km2 or 420 sq mi
- Bahr Salamat 20,600 km2 or 8,000 sq mi
- Beinamar 763 km2 or 295 sq mi
- Binder-Léré 1,350 km2 or 520 sq mi
- Fada Archei 2,110 km2 or 810 sq mi
- Larmanaye 3,040 km2 or 1,170 sq mi
- Mandelia 138 km2 or 53 sq mi
- Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim 80,000 km2 or 31,000 sq mi
- Siniala-Minia4,260 km2 or 1,640 sq mi
Aside from the numerous protected forests,
In addition to parks and reserves, eight
Conservation
Extensive deforestation has resulted in loss of trees such as acacias, baobab, dates and palm trees. This has also caused loss of natural habitat for wild animals; one of the main reasons for this is also hunting and livestock farming by increasing human settlements. Animals like lions, leopards and rhino have been almost eliminated.[7]
Efforts have been made by the Food and Agriculture Organization to improve relations between farmers, agro-pastoralists and pastoralists in the Zakouma National Park (ZNP), Siniaka-Minia, and Aouk reserve in southeastern Chad to promote sustainable development.[13] As part of the national conservation effort, more than 1.2 million trees have been replanted to check the advancement of the desert, which incidentally also helps the local economy by way of financial return from acacia trees, which produce gum arabic, and also from fruit trees.[7]
Poaching
Poaching is a serious problem in the country, particularly of elephants for the profitable ivory industry and a threat to lives of rangers even in the national parks such as Zakouma. Elephants are often massacred in herds in and around the parks by organized poaching.[14] The problem is worsened by the fact that the parks are understaffed and that a number of wardens have been murdered by poachers.[15]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands – Chad" (PDF). BirdLife International. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- ^ PMID 23805051.
- ^ a b c d "Plant and Animal Life: Lake Chad". The Living Africa. ThinkQuest. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- .
- ^ World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1991, p. 67.
- ^ a b c "Lake Chad flooded savanna". World Wildflife Organization. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Our Africa". Our Africa organization. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ a b "Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World Chad". Avi Base- The world data base organization. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ "Parks, Reserves, and Other Protected Areas in Chad". Parks.it. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ "The National Parks and Nature Reserves of Chad". National Parks-Worldwide.info. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ "Search for protected areas". Official Record. Protectedplanet.net. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ "Livestock-wildlife-environment interactions in Chad". Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ "African Elephants Slaughtered in Herds Near Chad Wildlife Park". National Geographic. 30 August 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey (31 December 2012). "Rangers in Isolated Central Africa Uncover Grim Cost of Protecting Wildlife". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
Bibliography
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1991). Protected Areas of the World: Afrotropical. IUCN. ISBN 978-2-8317-0092-2.
External links
- USAID detailed study on "Considerations of Wildlife Resources and Land Use in Chad"